Kusunga chikhalidwe chake mwazaka zopitilira 400, monga Puebla talavera, ndizovuta. Maluso atsopanowa komanso makono amakono awonetsa kusintha pakapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake.
Mafakitale ambiri asintha mwambowu, ngakhale pali ena omwe kupanga zovala zoyera ndi matailosi kumachitidwabe ndi ukadaulo wazaka za zana la 16. Pakati pawo, nyumba ya Talavera de la Reyna ndiyodziwika bwino, malo ophunzitsira apamwamba komanso apamwamba. Angélica Moreno yemwe anali woyambitsa komanso wokonda kwambiri ntchito yake anali ndi cholinga chake kuyambira pachiyambi: "Kupanga zoumbaumba zabwino kwambiri m'boma la Puebla. Kuti tikwaniritse izi - adatiuza - timagwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe: kuyambira pakusankhidwa kwa dongo, kukanda ndi mapazi (alumali), magudumu, kupukutira kapena kupukutira ndikupanga maburashi ndi owumba okha kukongoletsa wa zidutswa. Ndife amodzi mwamisonkhano yocheperako yomwe imatsata njira zomwe makolo athu adapanga popanga talavera ”.
Kutchulidwa koyambira
Pofuna kuteteza zikhalidwe zamtunduwu, boma lidatulutsa Chipembedzo cha Origin Talavera D04 ndi Official Mexican Standard. Kutengera zoyeserera, Angélica adaphunzira zinsinsi za maluso awa, pang'onopang'ono ndikupanga kupanga kwabwino komwe kumayambitsidwa pakamwa. Pa Seputembara 8, 1990, msonkhano wa Talavera de la Reyna udakhazikitsidwa mwanjira, m'modzi mwa achichepere kwambiri omwe akhazikitsidwa m'bomalo.
Sanakhutire ndikupanga talavera wabwino kwambiri, adayitanitsa ojambula amasiku ano kuti adzagwire ntchitoyi. "Tidafunikira kukonzanso miyambo yamakolo, yophatikiza ojambula amasiku ano: ojambula, osema ziboliboli, owumba mbiya ndi okonza mapulani." Maestro José Lazcarro adagwira nawo gawo ndipo patangopita nthawi pang'ono, gulu la ojambula 20 adagwira ntchito kumeneko kwa zaka zitatu; pomaliza, adawonetsa chiwonetsero "Talavera, Vanguard Tradition", chokhazikitsidwa ku Amparo Museum, pa Meyi 8, 1997 ndichopambana kwambiri.
Chitsanzochi chidawonetsedwanso ku Maison Hamel-Bruneau ku Quebec, ndipo gawo lake ku American Society, USA (1998). Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, idakhala malo opambana mu Gallery of Contemporary Art and Design mumzinda wa Puebla (2005) wokhala ndi dzina loti "Alarca 54 Contemporary Artists", ndipo ziwonetsero zaposachedwa kwambiri zidachitika ku National Museum of Fine Arts (Namoc ), mumzinda wa Beijing (China); komanso mu Gallery of the Palace of the Palace of the Municipal Institute of Art and Culture of Puebla, mu 2006.
Kulipira cholowa
Kuchita bwino kwa ziwonetserozi kwapangitsa kuti msonkhanowu ukhale malo okondedwa kwambiri a ojambula oposa 50, odziwika kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi, kuyesa zida zachikhalidwe, kapangidwe ndi mitundu. Umboni wa izi ndi zojambula pafupifupi 300 zomwe zimapanga kusonkhanitsa kwake. Kuphatikiza miyambo ndi zatsopano si ntchito yophweka. Poterepa, amisiri, monga olowa m'malo mwazikhalidwe, adapereka chidziwitso ndi luso lawo, pomwe ojambulawo adapereka malingaliro ndi luso lawo. Kuphatikiza kwake kunali kopambana, popeza ntchito zatsopano zidapangidwa zikuswa miyambo, koma nthawi yomweyo kuzipulumutsa. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ena mwa ojambulawo adatenga nawo gawo pakukongoletsa zidutswa zawo, ena adaganiza kuti amisili ayenera kulowererapo pakupanga izi, ndikupeza mgonero wathunthu.
Ngati mumakhala ku Mexico City, mu Julayi mudzakhala ndi mwayi woyamikira ntchito zapaderazi mukadzawonetsedwa ku Franz Mayer Museum: “Alarca. Talavera de la Reyna ”, pomwe zidzawonetseredwe kuti miyambo komanso zamasiku ano zitha kuyendera limodzi, ndi zotsatira zabwino. Chiwonetserochi chimaphatikizapo ntchito za Fernando González Gortazar, Takenobu Igarashi, Alberto Castro Leñero, Fernando Albisúa, Franco Aceves, Gerardo Zarr, Luca Bray, Magali Lara, Javier Marín, Keizo Matsui, Carmen Parra, Mario Marín del Campo, Vicente Rojo, Jorge Salcido , Robert Smith, Juan Soriano, Francisco Toledo, Roberto Turnbull, Bill Vincent ndi Adrián White, pakati pa ena. Ndi izi, Puebla talavera amayikidwa pamlingo wofunikira padziko lonse lapansi, kudzera pakupanga kwa omwe amapanga masiku ano omwe zopereka zawo zimapereka njira yatsopano kapena malingaliro, kuphatikiza pakugwira nawo ntchito yosunga maluso awa, mosakayikira adasandulika chiwonetsero chathunthu chaukadaulo. .
Mbiri
Zinayambira mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 16, pomwe zida zina (zopangira zoumba) zidakhazikitsidwa mumzinda wokongola wa Puebla. Master Gaspar de Encinas adaika zoumba mbiya cha m'ma 1580-1585 ku Calle de los Herreros yakale, komwe amapangira zovala zoyera ndi matailosi, zomwe pambuyo pake zimadziwika kuti talavera ware, chifukwa zimatsanzira zomwe zimapangidwa mtawuni ya Talavera de la Reyna, m'chigawo cha Toledo, Spain.
Pa nthawi yonseyi, miphika, mabasiketi, mabeseni, mbale, mbale, miphika, mapulagi, zotengera, zipembedzo zimapangidwa mwanjira imeneyi ... zinthu zonsezi zidafunikira kwambiri osati zaluso zawo zokha komanso ntchito zawo, ndipo zidafika magawo atatu khalidwe: dothi labwino (linali ndi mithunzi isanu yosalala kuphatikiza ma enamel oyera), dothi wamba komanso dothi lachikasu. Zokongoletserazo zinali zochokera ku maluwa okongola, nthenga, otchulidwa, nyama ndi malo, a chikoka cha Aamori, Chitaliyana, China kapena Gothic.
Kumbali yake, matailosi adayamba ngati chinthu chodzitchinjiriza ndipo adatha ngati chinthu chodzikongoletsera, chomwe lero titha kuwona m'mipando yambiri yazipembedzo ndi zomanga, zipilala zakachisi wa San Francisco Acatepec (Puebla) ndi Nyumba ya Azulejos (Mexico City) ndi zitsanzo ziwiri zokha zochititsa chidwi zomwe ziyenera kutamandidwa.
M'zaka za zana la 19, gawo lalikulu la mafakitale owumba mbiya ku Puebla adayimitsa ntchito yawo, ndipo owumba ena omwe anali ndi maphunziro ena amavutika kuti azisamalira malo awo owerengera. M'zaka zoyambirira za zana lomaliza, kuyesayesa kunapangidwa kuti apange masitaelo atsopano potengera kutanthauzira kwa zinthu zakale, monga kujambula ma codices ndi makope azosindikizidwa zosiyanasiyana, zinthu zamakono zomwe sizinapambane.
