Paliponse, nthawi iliyonse, akangaude amatha kuoneka akukukumbutsani kuti, ngakhale ali ochepa, amatha kupanga nsalu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimatha kupirira ngakhale chipolopolo!
Tinali pa Morelos, usiku unali utayamba kale - ndi njira yochitira izi, ndi mapokoso ake wamba - atizungulira. Chifukwa chake kunalibe nthawi yoti titaye, tinayenera kumanga msasa nthawi yomweyo.
Tinayamba kumanga mahema athu - tinali gulu laling'ono la oyenda-, titasambira m'madzi amtsinje Tlaltizapan zokwanira kukhumba zotsalazo. Tikukonzekera kugona, mwadzidzidzi, tidagonjetsedwa ndi mazana a akangaude Wakuda ngati usiku
Mantha, iwo amawoneka okulirapo kuposa momwe iwo analiri; Tinawawona akutsogola osachita mantha, mwamakani akulowera chakum'mawa. Potsatira malangizo amenewo, adadutsa zikwama, zikopa, matenti ndi matumba ogona, ngati kuti akumvera liwu limodzi. Momwe tingathere ndikudumphira pakati pawo, tinasonkhanitsa katundu wathu ndikuthawa moponderezana kwambiri mpaka tinafika kubwalo la tawuni.
Izi zomwe sizidachitikepo zidandipangitsa kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa ma arachnids ndipo ndidayamba kudzifufuza. Tsopano ndikudziwa kuti pali mitundu ya akangaude omwe amakhala ochezeka kuposa ena ndipo kuti nthawi yoswana amasonkhana ambiri mpaka kuwoneka ngati dzombe.
Kawirikawiri amawopedwa - nthawi zina ngakhale ndi mantha osaletseka- akangaude omwe titha kuwapeza m'mabwalo, minda ngakhale m'nyumba zathu, amakhala osavulaza komanso othandiza kwa anthu. Chakudya chawo chimakhala ndikudya tizilombo tambiri tambiri tomwe timauluka monga ntchentche, udzudzu, mphemvu ngakhale nthenda zam'mimba monga zinkhanira, mwa zina zambiri. Komabe, nkovuta kuti anthu ambiri avomereze kapena kumva chisoni ndi akangaude; M'malo mwake, amatilimbikitsa ndi mantha ngakhale tili pamaso osati a tarantulakoma kuchokera kangaude wam'munda. Chifukwa chiyani timaopa ngakhale aang'ono? Zifukwa zake mwina zimachokera mu chikhalidwe chachilengedwe cha mitundu yathu; ndiye kuti, zimawonetsa zina mwazinthu zanyama kwambiri, motero, zochepa zomwe tili nazo. Koma kukana kwachilengedwe kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa zomwe zimadziwika kuti archnophobia kapena mantha opanda thanzi komanso osalamulirika a ma arachnids.
Akangaude m'mbiri
Akangaude - monga amphibiya, abuluzi, abuluzi ndi njoka - adalumikizidwa molakwika ndi zinthu monga ufiti, zamatsenga, nkhwangwa, ndi zina zambiri. Zizolowezi izi ndizofala kwambiri pamakhalidwe a anthu kotero kuti si zachilendo kupeza, m'mabuku akale kwambiri azamatsenga, maphikidwe ochiritsira kapena achimuna momwe gawo lina la thupi la arachnid, kapena lonse, kuphatikizapo kangaude.
Anthu akale a ku Mexico olankhula Chinawato ankazitchula kukhudza limodzi, ndikhudzeni mochulukitsa, ndipo adati kwa ndodo kutchfuneralhome. Anasiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana: atócatl (kangaude wamadzi), ehecatócatl (kangaude wa mphepo), huitztócatl (kangaude wothamanga), ocelotatocatl (kangaude wa jaguar), tecuantocatl (kangaude woopsa), ndi tzintlatlauhqui (detzintli, kumbuyo ndi tlatlauqui, red). Ndiye kuti, "yemwe ali ndi kumbuyo kofiira", amene timadziwa lero kuti mkazi wamasiye wakuda kapena kangaude capulina, (dzina lake lasayansi ndi Latrodectus mactans); ndipo, inde, ili ndi mawanga ofiira amodzi kapena angapo ofiira kapena lalanje kumtunda kwa mawonekedwe ake ozungulira komanso ozungulira kapena a pistosome.
Palinso tawuni: Xaltocan, kutanthauza "malo pomwe pali akangaude omwe amakhala mumchenga." Zithunzi zina za arachnids zitha kupezeka mu Codex Borgia, Codex Fejérvári-Mayer komanso Codex Magliabecchiano. Chizindikiro chosangalatsa kwambiri chimapezeka pamwala wakuda wophulika cuauhxicalli (chidebe cha mitima yoperekedwa nsembe), pomwe kangaude amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolengedwa zakusiku monga kadzidzi ndi mleme.
Monga momwe tikuonera, akangaude anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi nthano za anthu akale aku Mexico ndipo chitsanzo chamtengo wapatali ndichomwe chinawululidwa ndi a Eduard Seler aku Mexico: "mulungu yemwe amachokera kumwamba wagwera pa intaneti ..." kwa ehecatócatl, kapena kangaude wa mphepo, wa mtundu wa arachnid womwe umayenda pogwiritsa ntchito nthiti zomwezo.
Ambiri mwa ma arachnids amakhala usiku, ndipo izi zidazindikirika molondola ndi anthu aku Mexico akale. Chifukwa chiyani angasankhe kukhala achangu kwambiri usiku? Yankho likuwoneka kuti ndikuti mumdima amapewa adani awo achilengedwe mosavuta ndipo satenthedwa ndi kutentha, komwe kumatha kuwamwetsa ndi kuwapha.
Zipolopolo Zopanda Bulletproof
Ngati tikulankhula za ntchito ya olukawo osatopa, tiyenera kunena kuti ulusi a cobwebs ndi olimba komanso osinthika kuposa zingwe zachitsulo kapena mawaya amkati mwake.
Inde, ngakhale zingaoneke ngati zosadabwitsa, zidapezeka posachedwa kwambiri kuti mtundu umodzi wa arachnid wochokera m'nkhalango za Panama uli ndi ukonde wolimba kwambiri womwe, popanda kuphwanya, umalimbana ndi chipolopolo. Izi zalimbikitsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa kafukufuku wovuta, yemwe angalole kupanga zovala zovulaza zipolopolo mwina zopepuka motero, ndizabwino kwambiri kuposa zamakono.
Akangaude achamba
Akatswiri a tizilombo o akatswiri a tizilombo Afufuza mozama kuti afotokoze ngati akangaude amapanga mawebusayiti awo pogwiritsa ntchito njira inayake. Apeza kuti dongosolo loterolo lilipo, ndikuti akangaude samangoganizira za komwe kuli dzuwa ndi mphepo zomwe zimakhalapo; Amawerengeranso kulimbikira kwa nsalu zawo komanso kulimbikira kwa zinthu zomwe azimangirira, ndipo amapanga njira zosakhala zomata za silika kuti athe kusunthira pazomwe akufuna kulanda nyama yawo.
Chidwi cha asayansi ena azakale chawatsogolera kuti achite kafukufuku wodabwitsa kwambiri, monga kupatsira mitundu ina ya akangaude kusuta chamba. Zotsatira zake zidapangidwa kuti zikhale nthabwala zopanda mawonekedwe kwathunthu pokhudzana ndi zotsatira za mankhwala- mtundu wa minofu yomwe mtundu uliwonse umatsata.
Zikwi mitundu kangaude
Akangaude ali mgulu la arachnids komanso kuti Araneidae. Pakadali pano pafupifupi 22,000 amadziwika, mwa awiriwo: the mkazi wamasiye wakuda ndi woyimba zeze ndi owopsa kwambiri ndipo titha kuwapeza padziko lonse lapansi.
Capulina (Latrodectus mactans), woyimba zeze (yemwe amatchedwa chifukwa ali ndi kapangidwe kofananira ndi vayolini pamtundu wake) ndipo kutuluka kofiirira (Laxosceles reclusa) kumatulutsa poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti amadziwika kuti ndi owopsa padziko lapansi, ngakhale Capulin akuti ali ndi poizoni wamphindi 15 kuposa wamanjenje.
Ziphe za akangaudewa zimayambitsa dongosolo lamanjenje motero zimatchedwa neurotoxic, gangrenous kapena necrotizing. Ndiye kuti, amachititsa kuwonongeka kofulumira kwamatenda, kuyambitsa zilonda zam'mimba ndikuwononga maselo a nyama zawo; Momwemonso, poyizoni wa capulin ndi neurotoxic ndipo wa woyimba zeze ndi necrotizing.
Chikondi pakati pa akangaude ndi nkhani yamoyo ndi imfa ya amuna
Mu gulu la akangaude, zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zamphongo; ali ndi chizolowezi chosowa chosintha chilakolako chawo chogonana kukhala chakudya, kamodzi kugonana kutatha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akangomaliza kukondana, amadya wokondedwa wawo popanda chikumbumtima.
Pachifukwa chomveka ichi, mwa mitundu ina, yamphongo imakhala ndi chizolowezi chowoneratu komanso chathanzi chomangira chachikazi ndi zingwe zopota ulusi; Mwanjira iyi, amatha kutsata bwino, ndikupulumuka pachibwenzi popanda kuchita kuthawa mwamanyazi komanso mopupuluma.
Kangaudeyu amakhala ndi chikwama chotchedwa seminal cholandirira, momwe amalandirira ndikusunga umuna kwa nthawi yayitali kuti alowetse mazira ake ngati pangafunike kutero. Ambiri amasamala mazira oberekera mpaka akalulu ang'onoang'ono amaswa, omwe, pambuyo pa 4 mpaka 12 motsatizana khungu, amafika pakukula ndikukula ndikupitilira muyeso wa zamoyozo.
Utali wa kangaude umakhala wosiyanasiyana ndipo zimadalira mtunduwo. Mwachitsanzo, ma tararantula amakhala zaka 20, oyimba zeze amakhala zaka 5 mpaka 10, ma capulinas kuyambira 1 mpaka 2 ndi theka, ndipo ena amakhala nyengo ya miyezi ingapo.
Ma tarantulas omwe ali pachiwopsezo
Chodabwitsa, akangaude akulu kwambiri, ma tarantula ndi migala, ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotheratu. Anthu ambiri amawapha akangowawona, komanso amasakidwa ndi cholinga chowagulitsa ngati ziweto kwa anthu omwe sadziwa kuti kukonda kwawo nyama "zosowa" kapena "zosowa" kumatha kutha mitundu yambiri.
Akangaude ndi nyama nyamakazi (nyama zophatikizana) zamagulu a arachnid, omwe amadziwika kuti thupi limagawika magawo awiri: cephalothorax ndi mimba kapena opisthosoma, miyendo inayi ya miyendo mu cephalothorax, ndi ziwalo (zotchedwa mizere) zoyikidwa kumapeto kuchokera pamimba yomwe imatulutsa ulusi wonga ulusi. Ndi izi amaluka netiweki yotchedwa kangaude kapena ulusi, womwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuti agwire tizilombo timene timadyetsa, ndikusunthira popachika pamenepo.
Ali ndi maso angapo ndi ocelli (maso osatukuka) komanso zowonjezera pamaso pakamwa, zotchedwa chelicerae.
Ziphatikizozi zimathera mu mbedza momwe chibayo chakupha chimatsanulira; Alinso ndi zowonjezera ziwiri pakamwa, zotchedwa pedipalps, zokhala ndi ziwalo zambiri zomverera.
Ali ndi mapapu awiri kapena matumba am'mapapu omwe amangiriridwa ndi maukonde opumira omwe amatchedwa tracheas, omwe amalumikizana ndi akunja kudzera pazomwe zimatchedwa stigmata: mabowo okhala ndi zokutira, zomwe amatsegula ndikutseka kuti achite kupuma kwawo.
Kuti apeze chakudya chawo amazinga nyama ndi ukonde wa kangaude; tsopano osayenda, amadzipereka okha - popanda choopsa chilichonse - kuti ayamwe ndi mimba yawo yoyamwa mpaka ilibe kanthu.
Akazigaya, amatulutsa zonyansa za wovutitsidwayo, zomwe zimakhala ndi guanine ndi uric acid, zomwe zimatulutsa zowuma kudzera pamphako.
