Real de Arriba, tawuni ya golide pansi (State of Mexico)

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M'mapiri a Temascaltepec, omwe ndi kufalikira kwa phiri la Nevado de Toluca (Xinantécatl volcano) komanso njira yofikira malo otentha a Guerrero, pali mchere wakale, wotchedwa Real de Arriba, womwe umagona mumtsinje wa masamba obiriwira.

Madera akumapiri omwe akuzungulira malowa ndi okwera koma okongola, ndi mapiri awo ataliatali, zigwa zakuya komanso mitsinje yokongola. Zamkati mwa mapiriwa muli golidi ndi siliva. Mtsinje wa El Vado womwe umadutsa dera laling'ono umabadwira m'munsi mwa phiri la Nevado de Toluca, womwe unayambira chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa phiri; Ndi mtsinje womwe umayenda pafupipafupi womwe pambuyo pake umapanga mtsinje umodzi ndi mtsinje wa Temascaltepec ndikulowera ku Balsas.

Ku Real de Arriba, akasupe anayi amabadwa momwe madzi abwino amatuluka tsiku lililonse pachaka. Zomera m'derali ndizosiyanasiyana, ndizomera zochokera kumadera ozizira komanso madera otentha, ndipo nthaka yake ndi yachonde kwambiri. Musanafike mtawuniyi mutha kuwona milu yayikulu yadothi lofiira, zomwe ndizowoneka bwino.

M'nthawi zisanachitike ku Puerto Rico, chigwa chomwe Real de Arriba ili lero chinkadziwika kuti Cacalostoc, kutanthauza "phanga la akhwangwala". Derali linali la a Matlatzincas, omwe amalambira Quequezque, mulungu wamoto. A Matlatzincas anali ozunzidwa ndi Aaziteki owopsa; ku Cacalostoc zikwizikwi za iwo adamwalira ndipo omwe adapulumuka adasandutsidwa akapolo kapena kumangidwa kuti adzaperekedwa nsembe polemekeza mulungu wamagazi wankhondo, Huitzilopochtli.

Ndi mazana kapena zikwi za matlatzincas omwe adaphedwa pamavuto onsewa omwe adatenga zaka zopitilira makumi atatu! Ndi angati omwe adzasiyidwe ngati akapolo ndi akaidi ndipo ndi angati ena omwe adzathawe nkhondo isanakwane, kuti akabisalire m'mapiri akumwera! Iwo omwe adatsala amoyo amayenera kupereka msonkho kwa Moctezuma.

Kukongola kwa migodi

Ku Cacalostoc golideyo anapezeka pansi m'ming'alu ya phirilo; Matlatzincas poyamba ndi Aaztec pambuyo pake adafukula mosaya kuti atenge chitsulo ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Panthawiyo mtsinje wa El Vado unali wosangalatsa, kutanthauza kuti, malo amchenga momwe madzi am'madzi amayikamo magawo a golide, omwe amapatulidwa ndikusamba kosavuta. Mtsinjewo unali wosamba weniweni wagolide. Anali Mmwenye weniweni wochokera ku Texcalitlán, wotchedwa Adriano, yemwe mu 1555 adabweretsa Aspanya asanu kuti aphunzire za kuchuluka kwa golidi mderali.

Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 16 (pakati pa 1570 ndi 1590), panthawiyo Real de Arriba idakhazikitsidwa ngati amodzi mwamaboma ofunikira kwambiri ku Colony. Nthawi imeneyo panali migodi yopitilira makumi atatu ikugwira ntchito yonse, ya mabanja aku Spain; Oposa 50 aku Spain, akapolo 250, Amwenye 100 omwe adawasamalira ndipo mgodi wa 150 adagwira ntchito kumeneko. Pogwira ntchito, mcherewu umafuna mphero 386 kuti zithandizire zitsulo zomwe zimatulutsidwa, makamaka golide ndi siliva, komanso zitsulo zina zosafunikira kwenikweni. Chifukwa chakukwera kwa Real de Arriba, matauni ena a katekisesi adakhazikitsidwa, monga Valle de Bravo ndi Temascaltepec.

Munthawi ya 17th, Real de Arriba idapitilizabe kukhala amodzi mwa zigawo zokondedwa kwambiri zamigodi ku New Spain; Panthawiyo, nyumba zogona alendo, mphero zachitsulo ndi okwera pamahatchi zidakhazikitsidwa zomwe zimapereka zofunika kuti migodi ipitilize kugwira ntchito.

Kukongola kwa migodi kunapitilirabe m'zaka za zana la 18, kenako kachisi wa Real de Arriba adamangidwa, womwe uli ndi khomo la Baroque m'magawo awiri ndi khomo lolowera mozungulira, lomwe ulusi wake umakongoletsedwa. Kumbali iliyonse ya khomo lolowera kuli zipilala ziwiri zopindika, zomwe zimawoneka ngati kalembedwe ka Churrigueresque. Kachisiyo ali ndi nave imodzi, ndipo mkatimo muli chojambulira cha baroque mumtengo wosema ndi wokutidwa, momwe mtanda ndi Virgen de los Dolores zimawonekera. Kachisi wokongolayu wamaluwa, yemwe amawoneka wokongola munthawi ya migodi, lero akuyima yekha, ngati mneneri wokalambayo atakhala pamphepete mwa mseu yemwe amakumbukira kukongola kwakumbuyo komanso yemwe amatsagana ndi anthu ake mokhulupirika.

Kutsika kwa golide

Munthawi ya ufulu wodziyimira pawokha kudayamba kuchepa kwa mchere, ndipo mzaka zonse za 19th anthu ambiri adachoka mumzinda chifukwa chosowa ntchito. Komabe, munthawi ya General Santa Anna, komanso nthawi ya Porfiriato, boma lidapereka zilolezo zingapo kumakampani aku Britain ndi America kuti agwiritse ntchito migodi, yomwe idalowetsa moyo watsopano kwa Real de Arriba; migodi yomwe inkapanga golide ndi siliva inali ya Magdalena, Gachupinas, Quebradillas, El Socorro, La Guitarra ndi Albarrada.

Mu 1900, kupanga golide kuchokera kumigodi ya El Rincón, Mina Vieja, San Antonio ndi Santa Ana kudakulirakonso chifukwa chakubwera kwa likulu la Chingerezi, zomwe zidabweretsa ukadaulo watsopano wachitsulo. Mu 1912 derali lidasokonekera kwambiri ndi a Zapatista, ndipo Real inali malo ankhondo zamwazi, koma kumapeto kwa kusintha kwa ogwira ntchito mgodi adabwerera kumigodi.

Cha m'ma 1940, zochitika zosiyanasiyana zidapangitsa kuti kuzunza anthu migodi kucheperachepera. Migodi ya Real de Arriba idatsekedwa, ndipo okhazikika omwe analibe malo awo adayenera kuchoka pamalopo. Kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka kunapangitsa anthu ammudzi kukhala olima kwathunthu ndikupanga malonda ndi Temascaltepec ndi Toluca.

Zenizeni kuchokera pamwamba lero

Pakadali pano m'tawuni yokongolayi pali bwalo lokongola lomwe lili ndi kiosk yake komanso zolumikizidwa ndi nyumba zake zakale zojambulidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapatsa utoto wowoneka bwino. Malo ake okhala ndi nyumba zake zakale koma zosamalidwa bwino, amatibwezeretsanso m'mbuyomu, mumtendere ndi bata. Palinso mphero wakale pomwe mutha kuwona makina obweretsedwa ndi Chingerezi koyambirira kwa zaka zana. Makoma ake ambiri adatsalira kuchokera ku famu yopindulitsa ya La Providencia, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti El Polvorín, ikuyang'ana pakati paudzu.

Mphindi zochepa kuchokera mtawuniyi ndi mabwinja a chomwe chinali mgodi wofunikira kwambiri ku El Real: El Rincón. Kuno, kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana lino, padali zomangamanga zazikulu zokhala ndi nyumba zambiri, nyumba yomanga ndi nsanja zake, nyumba za ogwira ntchito mgodi, ndi zina zambiri. Lero kuli makoma ochepa chabe ndi miyala yomwe imatiuza za bonanza yakaleyo.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 zidanenedwa za iye: "Makina omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mgodiwu ndi amakono kwambiri, ndipo kampani yamphamvu yomwe ili nayo sinasiyirepo chilichonse kuyiyika ... Ma department osiyanasiyana azitsulo amaunikiridwa ndi kuwala. incandescent… Mitsempha yasiliva ndi golidi yolemera ya El Rincón posakhalitsa idapangitsa kukambirana kukhala kotchuka. Ilinso ndi mwayi waukulu kuti migodi ingapo ili nayo, yokhala nayo pafupi ndi malo ake opindulitsa omwe amapatsidwa zonse zofunikira ... Bambo Bullock, mgodi woyenda ku England, adabweretsa makina oyatsira nthunzi kumbuyo, kuti athandizire m'malo osiyanasiyana ntchito yolemetsa kwambiri m'migodi ya Real de Arriba, mwina m'modzi mwa iwo, mgodi wodziwika bwino wa El Rincón ”.

Ngakhale panali kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo uku, maumboni ena amakono akutiuza za momwe anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi adakhalira: "Osesa misewu, ma loader, ma ademadores ndi ena samathandizidwa kuti amange matauni awo, kapena kupeza nyumba zawo ... wogwira mosavuta pakati pa ogwira ntchito omvetsa chisoni komanso osowa njala ... Anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi m'mawa anali kutsikira pa winch kuthamanga kwambiri kuti akadziike m'manda ndi ma tunnel achitsulo. Ntchito ya wogwira ntchitoyo inali yowawa kwambiri kotero kuti chidwi chake sichinali china ayi koma kutenga winch yokwera kuti akhale ndi banja lake ”.

Kumanda akale opemphererako kuyambira zaka za zana la 18 ndi ma tambasi ena ochokera pakati pa zaka zapitazo adasungidwabe. Pamphepete mwa tawuniyi pali nyumba yatsopano kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 18th yokhala ndi ziphunzitso za Neo-Gothic, kachisi wa San Mateo Almoloya. Mukalowa ku Real de Arriba, mumadutsa mlatho wa La Hoz, pomwe pamakhala chikwangwani cholembedwa kuti: "1934-1935 Lane rincón Mines Inc." akutikumbutsa kuti kuyambira 1555 patali, pomwe Indian Indian Texcaltitlán idabweretsa Aspanya asanu ndi Kuzunza koopsa kwa malowa kudayamba mwazi wa a Matlatzincas omwe adaperekedwa nsembe kwa mulungu Huitzilopochtli, zidatenga zaka 400 kuti olandawo athetse matumbo adziko labwino komanso lowolowa manja.

NGATI MUPITA KUKONZEKA

Kuchokera ku Toluca, tengani msewu waukulu wa feduro ayi. 134 kupita ku Temascaltepec (90 km), ndipo kuchokera mtawuniyi pali msewu wafumbi pafupifupi 10 km womwe umalowera ku Real de Arriba. Ngati mungaganize zokhala masiku ochepa pano ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ku Temascaltepec, chifukwa ku Real de Arriba kulibe zomangamanga kapena malo odyera.

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Kanema: Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlan Son de La Negra (Mulole 2024).