Chojambulachi lero ndichinthu chokongola kwambiri chomwe anthu padziko lonse lapansi amachikonda, chomwe chimayamikira ntchito yake yosakhwima. Mzimayi aliyense waku Mexico ayenera kukhala ndi chimodzi m'chipinda chake ndipo azivala momwe zilili, chidutswa chapadera chifukwa chimapangidwa ndi manja ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri.
Kuyambira nthawi zisanachitike ku Puerto Rico, rebozo idapangidwa ngati nsalu yapadera, yomwe idaposa mawonekedwe ake, kuti ikhale chizindikiro chodziwikiratu, momwe amisiri aku Mexico kwanthawi yayitali adakwanitsa kutenga zaluso komanso malingaliro azikhalidwe zachilengedwe wotchuka. Ndi chodziwikiratu chofunikira pakufunika kwake kuposa kupezeka kwake kwakamagwiritsidwe ntchito komwe azimayi amakupatsani munthawi yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wake, monga: kuisungunula pobadwa, kukwaniritsa ukwati wawo waukwati ndipo, pomaliza pake, kukhala gawo la zovala zomwe ziyenera muperekeze paulendo wake wopita ku moyo wamtsogolo.
Zokambirana pabanja
Monga ntchito zathu zambiri zamanja, shawl imapeza m'malo ophunzitsira mabanja malo abwino oti athe kulongosola, kukhala miyambo ndi kunyada, kulandira zinsinsi zamalonda ndi chidziwitso, ku mibadwomibadwo.
Masiku ano, kupanga kwa shawl sikumadutsa nthawi yabwino kwambiri. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kuyandikira kwa mafakitale, kusowa kwa mankhwalawa, kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu zopangira, zokonda za mitundu ina ya zovala ndi kusowa chidwi kwa mibadwo yatsopano kuti zipitilize malonda, ikani luso ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kutha.
Malo omwe kale anali opanga zinthu monga Santa María del Río, ku San Luis Potosí; Tenancingo, m'chigawo cha Mexico; La Piedad, Michoacán; Santa Ana Chautenpan, Tlaxcala; ndi Moroleón, Guanajuato, akuwonetsa kutayika kwakukulu pogula zinthu zawo zodabwitsa, amisiri awo akukakamira kupitiliza kuchita bizinesi, chifukwa chokonda miyambo kuposa bizinesi.
Sukulu ya rebozo
Ku malo opangira Santa María del Río, m'boma la San Luis Potosí, zaluso zodziwika bwino zidayamba mchaka cha 1764, ndipo zikuwuka poyankha kufunikira kwa azimayi a mestizo chovala chophimba kumutu akamalowa akachisi.
Titha kunena kuti popita nthawi chinali chovala ndipo chidapezeka mu zovala za mayi wachuma, kapena m'nyumba yodzichepetsa kwambiri, kumangosintha momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, popeza kwa ena chinali chidutswa chololeza kuwonetsa kusungunuka kwachuma, pomwe mwa ena chinali chovala chosunthika chomwe chimathandizira pantchito za tsiku ndi tsiku (chovala, thumba, chikwama, chophimba, ndi zina zambiri).
Nthano imatilola kuti timve kuchuluka kwa malowa omwe rebozo ali nawo ndi azimayi amderali makamaka ndi omwe adachokera ku Otomí, popeza akuti anali ndi chizolowezi chomazika nsonga ya rebozo m'madzi a gwero atakumbukira chibwenzi chawo.
Sukulu yophunzitsira ya rebocería yakhala ikugwira ntchito patsamba lino kuyambira 1953, motsogozedwa ndi waluso waluso Felipe Acevedo; pamenepo mlendo amatha kuwona njira zonse zopangira zovala zomwe zimatenga masiku 30 mpaka 60 pafupifupi ndipo zimakhala ndi magawo 15. Sukulu yophunzitsirayi idapambana Mphotho Yadziko Lonse ya Zaluso ndi Miyambo Yotchuka ya 2002.
Tsoka ilo m'bungwe lino panorama siyosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika kumadera ena a Republic, malinga ndi akuluakulu aboma, bizinesi yomwe kale inali rebocera yomwe imapereka zinthu zake zapamwamba kumayiko osiyanasiyana komanso akunja, ili pamavuto akulu chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kuchepa kwa zinthu, kukwera mitengo kwa zinthu komanso kutukuka kwa zochitika zina m'derali.
Mipikisano mphoto kuwina
Komabe, mabungwe osiyanasiyana akuyesetsa m'derali kuti asunge ntchitoyi, komanso kulimbikitsa kulimbikitsa kupanga silika wachilengedwe; Isabel Rivera ndi Julia Sánchez ndi amisiri awiri odziwika ochokera ku Santa María del Río, omwe adapatsidwa mphoto kudziko lonse lapansi; ndi amodzi mwa amisiri omaliza omwe amatha kupangira zilembo pa rapacejo, kumbuyo kwa nsalu. Amapereka gawo labwino la nthawi yawo kufalitsa ndi kuphunzitsa kwa malonda, koma koposa ngati ntchito yothandiza anthu kuposa njira yopindulitsa.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nsalu yoluka kumbuyo, chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali popanga, tsopano ndi mbiriyakale; Choyamba chifukwa pakadali pano owerengeka ndi omwe amadziwa momwe amagwirira ntchito ndipo chachiwiri chifukwa pali njira zotsika mtengo zopangira rebozo.
Kuphatikiza pa msonkhano waku Santa María, pali malo ena mdzikolo omwe aperekedwa kuti apulumutse miyambo ya rebozo monga Museo del Rebozo ku La Piedad, Michoacán; Workshop for Weavers of the Third Age, yokhazikitsidwa ndi conaculta, ku Acatlán, Veracruz; ndi Msonkhano wa Rebocería wa Nyumba Yachikhalidwe ku Tenancingo, State of Mexico, woyang'anira waluso Salomón González.
Kuthandiza pantchito zamtunduwu ndikuyamikira luso ndi miyambo yomwe zidutswazi zilipo zimatipangitsa kuti tisunge miyambo ya makolo athu, komanso kutenga chovala ichi tsiku ndi tsiku kumanenanso za kukongola kwa zovala ndi chidwi kupitirira chikhalidwe cha Mexico.
Ma shawls ochokera ku San Luis Potosí alidi mwala wamtengo wapatali, mitundu yawo, kapangidwe kake ndi zida zawo sizingafanane ndi dziko lapansi, zomwe adapambana mphotho zambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Zotsatira zabwino
Njira yolongosolera ndiyosangalatsa komanso yotopetsa. Gawo loyamba limakhala kuwira kapena kupanikiza ulusiwo, kutengera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi rebozo kuti ipangidwe; ngati "fungo", ulusi uyenera kuphikidwa musakanizo wamadzi okhala ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndi mije, rosemary ndi zempatzuchitl, komanso zinthu zina zomwe zimasungidwa mwansanje ngati chinsinsi cha banja; kapena 'kupera' mu wowuma, ngati ndichizolowezi.
Kenako uyenera kufinya ndi kutentha ulusi, kenako 'kumangirira mpira', kapena zomwe timadziwa kuti ndizopanga, panthawiyi akatswiri amajambula ulusiwo m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shawl .
Gawo lotsatira ndichimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri: kumenyera, komwe kumakhala kuyika ulusi pamalowedwe, kutsata ndikupanga mawonekedwe omwe shawl idzavale. Izi zikuphatikiza, kuwonjezera pa mzere, kuteteza ziwalo zomwe simukufuna kuzipaka (kuti zisasokonezedwe ndi utoto wakale).
Koma mosakayikira mfundo yofunika kwambiri, popeza makamaka imatsimikizira mtundu wa chidutswacho, ndikulongosola kwa rapacejo kapena zomwe titha kuzitcha mphonje za shawl, yomwe ndi gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito yovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi yayitali imatha kukhala yayitali mpaka masiku 30. Izi zitha kumangidwa kapena kuwumbika, ndipo zitha kuwonetsa ma fret, zilembo kapena ziwerengero; lero titha kupeza masitaelo a jarana, grid kapena petatillo.
