Mzinda wa Guanajuato (Cuanaxhuato, "malo achule" ku Purépecha, dzina lomwe lakhala likulengeza kale zakale ndi zojambulajambula) ndi gulu limodzi la mizinda yaku Mexico - pakati pa omwe Taxco ndi Zacatecas amayenera kuwerengedwa- omwe milandu yawo idatanthauza zovuta ku malamulo atsamunda: sikunali kotheka kusankha malo athyathyathya kuti akhazikike chifukwa amakulira mozungulira miyala yazitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mapiri, ndipo palibe amene amadziwa kuti bonanza idzatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji.
Yambiri mwa mizinda yaku Mexico yomwe zaka zake ziyenera kuyezedwa zaka mazana ambiri; ena adalipo kale Aspanya asanafike, ndipo onse adasintha kwambiri munthawi ya atsamunda. Ambiri adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito physiognomy yokhala ndi mitundu ingapo, yopangidwa ndi oyang'anira omwe amafunafuna misewu yayikulu, yamizere, yokhala ndi magawo ofanana - omwe amatulutsa nyumba zowoneka zofananira - komanso kuti imodzi mwazigawo zapakati zizikhala zopanda kanthu: pamenepo Bwaloli likadatsalira, momwe mozungulira nthawi zonse mumakhala tchalitchi, nyumba zaboma, mashopu ndi malo okhalamo.
Kunali kofunikira kukhazikitsa mizindayi yokakamiza kulowa m'malo athyathyathya, ndipo sizosadabwitsa kuti nthawi zina, poyang'ana chithunzi chakale, sitikudziwa kuti ndi anthu ati.
Mosiyana ndi izi, mzinda wa Guanajuato (Cuanaxhuato, "malo achule" ku Purépecha, dzina lomwe limalengeza kale zakale ndi mawonekedwe ake) ndi gulu lapadera lamizinda yaku Mexico - pakati pa omwe Taxco ndi Zacatecas amayenera kuwerengedwa- omwe raison d'être Zinatanthauzanso zovuta kumalamulo atsamunda: sikunali kotheka kusankha malo athyathyathya kuti akhazikike chifukwa amakulira mozungulira miyala yazitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mapiri, ndipo palibe amene angadziwe kuti bonanza idzatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji.
Mizinda ina idasandulika mizinda kwakanthawi kochepa, pomwe mtsempha udatopa, kotero adakula mwa mwayi, pamalo owoneka bwino, mosalongosoka (kukhumudwa ndi ukadaulo wachikoloni), wokhala ndi misewu yopotoka, yopapatiza, mkati malo otsetsereka, nthawi zina ochepa komanso osasinthasintha; Mabwalowa samangokhalira kufuna kukhala wokulirapo kapena wamakona amakona anayi, m'malo mwake malo omwe misewu yosiyanasiyana imakumana, malo athyathyathya, oyenera kukhazikitsa msika wapagulu komanso malo okhala masitepe kapena kusonkhanitsa anthu omwe amapita kutchalitchi.
Chitsanzo chabwino cha mabwalowa ndi cha La Paz, ku Guanajuato: chosasunthika, chowoneka bwino komanso choyambirira, kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19 chadziwika pazithunzi ndi zojambula ngati chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha mzindawo.
Guanajuato idayamba kupezeka ngati malo okumbirako mgodi m'ma 1550, koma m'zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu zidakwanitsa kukhala bwino kuti mumange nyumba zomanga: akachisi monga San Diego (1694) ndi La Parroquia (1696), kapena malo opatulika a Cata (kuyambira 1725) ndi Guadalupe (1733); maJesuit adakhazikitsa Kampani (1765) ndipo kumapeto kwa nthawi yachikoloni kachisi wa La Valenciana ndi Alhóndiga de Granaditas adamangidwa, zomwe zidachitika mu Seputembara 1810 chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yodziyimira pawokha, yomwe lero zimakumbukiridwa m'makoma a nyumba yomweyi, yojambulidwa ndi José Chávez Morado.
Nyumbazi zinkadziwa momwe zingasinthire kale kuyambira nthawi ya atsamunda kupita kumalo ovuta - chitsanzo chitha kuwonedwa ku Diego Rivera Museum, nyumba yomwe wojambula wotchuka adabadwira - ndipo ntchito zina zaukadaulo zidapangidwa, monga madamu a La Olla ndi La Olla. Los Santos, ku Ivory. Ufulu ukakwaniritsidwa, nyumba zatsopano zaboma zidawonekera ndipo mawonekedwe a Guanajuato adakonzedwanso ndi nyumba zokhalamo zamaphunziro, monga mdera la La Olla, kapena pokonzanso nyumba zoyambirira zomwe zili pakatikati pa mzindawu.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19 mpaka 20, nyumba zofunikira zidamangidwa, monga Nyumba Yaboma ndi Juárez Theatre, ntchito yodabwitsa kwambiri yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa Union Garden yaying'ono, yamakona atatu komanso yosangalatsa, komanso Msika wa Hidalgo, wokhala ndi dongosolo lamakono yachitsulo komanso chokumbukira chachikulu.
Malo owonetserako komanso msika adamalizidwa ndi a Antonio Rivas Mercado, wolemba Monument to the Independence of Mexico City. Pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, nyumba yayikulu kwambiri ya University idamangidwa, kalembedwe ka neocolonial, wokhala ndi masitepe okongoletsa akunja. Malo osakhazikika a Braratillo, Mexiamora ndi Ropero ndiabwino kwambiri.
Guanajuato imafikira pamtsinje womwewo, chifukwa kale munthawi zamakoloni nyumba ndi milatho zimamangidwa pamwamba pa ngalande yake yomwe inali mbali yayikulu ya njira yake.
M'zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960 mtsinjewo udali ndi mapaipi, kutembenuza njira yake kukhala msewu wapansi wapansi womwe udawonjezera chidwi ku Guanajuato, ndikuthetsa mavuto ena amgalimoto omwe adakumana nawo.
Pambuyo pake, ngalande zatsopano zatsegulidwa kumtunda kwa mzindawu, zomwe zimalola kuti magalimoto aziwoloka mbali zosiyanasiyana osasokoneza mayendedwe amisewu yakale.
Chifukwa chakukhazikika kwake, Guanajuato ndi mzinda wokhala ndi malingaliro osintha kwambiri, kaya amayenda wapansi kapena pagalimoto, ndipo kukopa kumeneku ndi gawo la chithumwa chake chapadera, chomwe chimagawana ndi anthu ochepa aku Mexico omwe amakhala atsamunda: mwadzidzidzi mzindawu ukuwoneka kuchokera mumsewu wapansi, wopachikidwa pamutu pathu, kapena pansi pa mapazi athu, kuchokera mumsewu wowoneka bwino, makamaka kuchokera pa chipilala kupita ku El Pípila, malingaliro a Guanajuato.
