Malo Opatulika a Mapethé (Hidalgo)

Fungo lamphamvu la maluwa a chamomile, chisakanizo cha zinthu zakale zamkungudza, mesquite ndi mkungudza; Kupembedza kwakukulu kwa Ambuye wa Santa Teresa, nthano yokongola komanso gulu lolemekezeka, lobadwira m'migodi, kulipira ndi kuluka.

Ndi m'tawuni ya Santuario Mapethé komwe aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira obwezeretsa adapeza mtundu wabwino wophunzitsira, kufufuza, kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuwunikira, mwazinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapanga ntchito yobwezeretsanso zaluso. Pakati pa mapiri a San Juan, Las Minas, El Señor ndi El Calvario, malo opatulikawa amaperekedwa kwa Lord of Mapethé. Tawuni yomwe ili, yomwe kale inkatchedwa Real de Minas deI Plomo Pobre, imafikiridwa ndi msewu waukulu wopita ku Ixmiquilpan, kumpoto kwa mpando wamatauni a Cardonal, m'boma la Hidalgo. Kufunika kwa malo opatulika m'derali kumangomveka ngati titha kuwunikiranso zomwe mbiri yake yakhala ikupita nthawi. Izi zidzatipatsa chitsanzo chokhazikika mpaka lero ndipo zitilola kuti timvetsetse zoyesayesa zam'mudzimo kuti tisunge miyambo yawo yakale yauzimu.

Nkhaniyi, yomwe ndi nthano, imayamba pomwe olemera aku Spain a Alonso de Villaseca adabweretsa kuchokera ku Kingdoms of Castile, pafupifupi 1545 pafupifupi, kujambulidwa kwa Yesu wopachikidwayo yemwe adabweretsa ku tchalitchi chodzichepetsa cha Mapethé. Izi, pomangidwa ndi zinthu zowonongeka, pakapita nthawi zinaipiraipira, zomwe zidawononga pang'onopang'ono. Pofika 1615, chifukwa chakuda, kuwonekera komanso mutu wopanda wina, Bishopu Wamkulu Juan Pérez de Ia Cerna adawona kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa Khristu kukhala koyenera: moto woyaka kapena maliro odala sizinakhudze fano loyera.

Chakumapeto kwa 1621 mphepo yamkuntho idawonekera m'chigawo chomwe chinawononga theka la denga la tchalitchichi; Anthu ammudzi atapita kumalowo kuti akawonere mwambowu, adapeza kuti Khristu amayandama mlengalenga ndipo adadzichotsa pa Mtanda wake "kenako" kubwerera kudzakonza. Kulira ndi phokoso lachilendo akuti anthu omwe adachokera ku tchalitchichi. Mapethé adakumana ndi chilala chachikulu, kupha ng'ombe komanso kusowa kwa msipu. Wapampando wa malowa ndiye kuti apemphere ndi chifanizo cha Dona Wathu, koma oyandikana nawo adasekerera ndi mawu amodzi: "Ayi, tili ndi Khristu!" Otsutsawo adakana, nanena kuti chosawoneka bwino, chakuda komanso chowoneka chopanda mutu cha chosemacho, ngakhale pomaliza pake, pomumiriza wansembeyo adayenera kuvomereza pempholo. Pempheroli lidapangidwa ndi misozi yambiri ndikudzipereka: "Ndipo kupembedza kumangopitilira ntchito yakuthupi!"

Zimanenedwa kuti tsiku lomwelo mlengalenga adatseka ndipo kwa ena 17 mvula idagwa ma ligi pafupifupi 2 okha kuzungulira Real de Minas deI Plomo Pobre. Zozizwitsa zidachitika, ndipo lidali Lachitatu, Meyi 19 chaka chomwecho, pomwe modabwitsa Khristu adasandulika madzi thukuta ndi magazi. Atakumana ndi kusakhulupirira kwake, bishopu wamkuluyo adaganiza zotumiza mlendo komanso notary, yemwe pambuyo pake adatsimikiza zakusintha kwa Mulungu. Pozindikira kuti malo omwe chithunzicho chatsalira sichinali chokwanira, wopondereza adalamula kuti apite nawo ku Mexico City.

Nthanoyo imati Khristu sanafune kuchoka ku Real de Minas, chifukwa bokosi lomwe adayikapo kuti lisamutsidwe lidakhala losatheka kunyamula chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwakukulu. Kenako wansembeyo adalonjeza kuti ngati chithunzicho sichingakhale chomasuka, Khristu mwiniwake adzachiwonetsera ndikubwezeretsa m'malo ake opatulika. Ngakhale zinali choncho, a Mapethecos ndi ma comarcanos adatsutsa, ndipo atakangana ndi zida adatha kumupulumutsa paulendowu, ndikupita naye kumsonkhano wapafupi wa San Agustín ku Ixmiquilpan; pamenepo, bambo a chigawocho adapatsa mlendoyo ndi vicar yemwe wapatsidwa udindo. Paulendo wake wopita ku Mexico, fano loyera lidapereka zodabwitsa zambiri kwa anthu chifukwa chopita. Pomaliza mtandawo adayikidwa m'khola la San José de Ias Carmelitas Descalzas, malo omwe pano amadziwika kuti Holy Lord of Santa Teresa. M'malo Opatulika, kupembedza kumeneko sikunagwedezeke; Umu ndi momwe khamu la anthu lidafika pamalopo, kuti pofika chaka cha 1728 pempholi lidaperekedwa, pamaso pa wolowa m'malo a Marqués de Casafuerte, kuti amangenso tchalitchichi:

Malo Opatulikawa ndi ofunika kuwasamalira kwambiri. Mmenemo kukonzanso kowopsa kwa Khristu Woyera komwe timalemekeza lero m'nyumba ya amonke ya Santa Teresa kunapangidwa. Chifukwa chake kuyenera kukhala anthu ambiri, kuti asamalire kachisiyo kuti pali ena omwe amapembedza malo omwe Divine Providence amafuna kusiyanitsa ndi zozizwitsa komanso zozizwitsa zambiri.

Las Iiimosnas komanso kudzipereka kwa anthu ammudzimo omwe adalonjeza "[…] mwa ndalama zake, thukuta ndi ntchito zawo, kudzapita kutchalichi chifukwa ndi malo pomwe zozizwitsa zodabwitsa zidawonekeratu kuti zikuchitika" ndi zomwe zidapangitsa Ia kutheka kumangidwa kwa tchalitchi komwe tikuyamikira pakadali pano.

Kope la Khristu woyambayo lidatumizidwa kuchokera ku Mexico, komwe maguwa abwino amayenera kupangidwa omwe amafanana ndi kudzipereka kwakale. Wophunzitsira a Don Antonio Fuentes de León ndiye adapereka ndalamazo pomanga nyumba zisanu zamkati mwa kachisi wa Mapethé. Pakati pa zaka za 1751 ndi 1778 ntchito yayikuluyi idachitika, yomwe imayikidwa munthawi yazithunzi zaku Baroque. M'nkhalango yosemedwa komanso yosakanizidwa, pophatikiza ziboliboli ndi utoto titha kuwona nkhani yodziwika bwino yachiJesuit.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka pano, ulendo wopita ku Otomi polemekeza Lord of the Mapethé Temple umachitika sabata la Lachisanu Lachisanu la Lent. Amwendamnjira omwe amapita kukachisi koyamba ndikuperekezedwa ndi agogo kuti atenge korona wamaluwa, omwe amawaika pamitu ya ana awo amulungu kuti akawapereke kwa Khristu Woyera. Pambuyo pake, amaponyedwa pamtanda mu atrium kapena kupita nawo pamtanda wa Cerro DeI Calvario, wotchedwa "El cielito." Madzulo a Lachisanu lachisanu gulu la Khristu likuchitika m'misewu yayikulu, ndi sera zotentha, kukweza mapemphero, nyimbo, pakati pa nyimbo, kulira kwa mabelu ndi kubangula kwa maroketi.

Mwa mgwirizano pakati pa mayordomías amderali, Lachitatu lotsatira Lachisanu lachisanu chithunzicho "chidatsitsidwa" mtawuni ya Cardonal, komwe chimakhala milungu itatu, kuti akachite "upload" chimodzimodzi, ndikupita ku malo anu opatulika. Kupyolera m'mapemphero, zopereka zamaluwa, ndi sera yoyaka, mankhwala amafunsidwa. Pakhomo la anthu onsewa Khristu amapezeka, ndipo amalandiridwa ndi anamwali a Immaculate Conception ku Cardonal komanso Namwali wa Soledad ku Sanctuary.

Kufika ku Sanctuary

Kulumikizana pakati pa zakale ndi zamtsogolo-miyambo yazaka mazana ambiri yomwe anthu akumaloko amatenga nawo-, tawuni ya Santuario Mapethé amatilandira ife (aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira a Sukulu Yokonzanso) ofunitsitsa kuti tidziwe chuma chake chakuya. Kwa zaka makumi angapo tsopano, a Iugareños akhala akudzipanga okha kukhala makomiti osiyanasiyana mokomera kusintha kwa madera; m'modzi wa iwo wakhala akuyang'anira kuwona zonse zokhudzana ndi kusamalira bwino tchalitchi ndi ntchito zomwe zili mkati. Titafika, makhonsolo oyandikana nawo adakonza zonse zofunikira kuti tikhale komanso kukhazikitsanso ntchito yobwezeretsa pa imodzi mwazipilala zisanu zamatchalitchi. Mmisiri wamatabwa wakomweko wamanga nsanja yolimba pomwe scaffold idzasonkhanitsidwa molingana ndi kukula kwake -12 m kutalika ndi 7m wide- kwazitali zomwe zatchulidwazi. Doña Trini, wophika, wakonza kale chakudya chokoma cha gululo, makumi awiri onse. Ophunzira a Mapethé ndi odzipereka amamanga nyumbayo, yoyang'aniridwa ndi aphunzitsi. Tikakhazikitsa, timapitiliza kugawa ntchito zosiyanasiyana: ena adzaunika mozama za zomangamanga, kuyambira pamayendedwe ake mpaka kuyamikira magawo abwino okongoletsera; Ena adzalemba mwatsatanetsatane zithunzi, zonse zoyambirira zopanga ukadaulo komanso zovuta zina zomwe zikugwira ntchito, ndipo enawo adzawunika chapamwamba, poteteza momwe angatetezere, kuti azindikire ndikuzindikira zomwe zawonongeka kale. kenako kambiranani ndikupereka lingaliro limodzi, zothandizira zobwezeretsa zomwe zikuyenera kuchitidwa.

Timayamba kukwera: iwo omwe amawopa kutalika amatumizidwa kukagwira ntchito pa predella ndi thupi loyambirira lakuthira; Ambiri a iwo amapita ku thupi lachiwiri ndikumaliza, inde, ndi malamba awo ndi zingwe zachitetezo zoyikidwa bwino. Kulowera kumbuyo kwa chopendekera - komwe fumbi lazaka zambiri limakuphimba kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumapazi - kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa momwe akumangira: yang'anani makina omangira, misonkhano, mafelemu, mwachidule, kapangidwe kake kamatabwa. kuti athetse kalembedwe kovuta ka bipe yamafuta.

Pomwe chopangachi chidapangidwa, zinthu zina zosemedwa ndi buloshi wojambulapo pulasitala, wopatsidwabe ndi zoyera zaku Spain, zidagwera kumbuyo, zomwe, tsopano, zidapulumutsidwa kuti zisungidwe. Zomwezo zidachitikanso ndimasamba a missile ya nthawiyo ndikulemba zolemba zachipembedzo zomwe wina - mwina wopembedza - adaziyika mkati mwa guwa lansembe.

Kumbali yake yakutsogolo kuli zojambula zambiri zomwe sizinayende, chimanga chomwe chapangitsa mayendedwe amitekitoni, mabokosi osinthidwa molakwika ndi nyumba zokhala ndi ma moor osakhalitsa m'malo awo oyambirira. Mofananamo, timapeza zotsalira za achuela zomwe zidadula nkhuni, gouge yomwe idalongosola chosema chabwino kwambiri, chopukutira chomwe chidakonzekeretsa pamwamba kuti chilandire "imprimatura", kapangidwe kake kofotokozera zinthu zojambula. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu izi titha kuzindikira, ngakhale zaka mazana ambiri pakati, kupezeka kwa kalipentala ndi wopanga zopangira "ntchito zakuda"; zaukalipentala yemwe adapanga "matabwa oyera"; wa incarnator, wojambula ndi estofador. Onsewa, kudzera mu zotsalira izi, amatifotokozera za kapangidwe kawo. Kutenga nawo mbali kwa ojambula angapo kuti apange zojambulazo kwapangitsa kuti tiganizire chifukwa chomwe ntchitoyi sinasainidwe. Gwero lokhalo lodzipereka kwake ngati msonkhano ndi mapangano omwe amapezeka m'malo osungira zakale, koma pakadali pano omwe akukhudzana ndi Sanctuary sanapezekebe.

Apulofesa amalo asayansi komanso zikhalidwe zaumunthu amawonetsa ophunzira njira zomwe angachitire kafukufuku wawo. Choyamba, zitsanzo zazing'ono zothandizidwa ndi stratigraphy ya zokongoletsa zimatengedwa pambuyo pake, mu labotale, zimachita maphunziro omwe amalola ukadaulo ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwika. Kumbali yake, mphunzitsi wa mbiriyakale amapereka zolembedwa zofunikira kuti achite kafukufuku wazithunzi ndi zojambulajambula zazitali.

Kuyambira m'bandakucha kulira kwa nyumbayi kwamveka mtawuniyi; Carlos ndi José amadzuka 6:00 m'mawa kuti apite kumalo opangira a Don Bernabé, popeza timafunikira misomali yachitsulo yolimbitsira kuti tithandizire kukhazikika kwa khoma kukhoma. Ophunzirawo ndi wosula zitsulo amapanga ma spike olimba omwe amafunikira mlanduwo. A Don Bernabé, Purezidenti wa komitiyi, amapitako pafupipafupi kuti akaone za ntchito yopanga pakhoma.Anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi chofuna kubwera kudzafunsa za ntchito yathu, ndipo ena mwa iwo, aluso kwambiri, amatenga nawo mbali, moyang'aniridwa ndi aphunzitsi , yambani ndi ophunzira njira yovuta yoyeretsera golide wolemera uja. Zosakwanira zazigawo zazing'ono zomwe zimakwirira matabwa osemedwa zapangitsa "mamba" omwe amayenera kutsitsidwa ndikukonzedwa m'modzi m'modzi ... Ntchitoyi ndiyosachedwa, imafunikira chidwi chachikulu. Aliyense amamvetsetsa ndikumvetsetsa kuti kubwezeretsa ntchito kumaphatikizapo chidziwitso, luso, luso, komanso kukonda zomwe chinthucho chimatanthauza. Mmisiri wamatabwa wakomweko amatithandizira pakupanga zinthu zina zamatabwa kuti zibwezeretse zomwe zidatayika kale pamakwerero; Mbali inayi, tikudziwitsa anthu ammudzi za kufunika kopanga mipando yomwe imakhala ndi zinthu zochulukirapo, monga zidutswa za ziboliboli zolingana ndi zida zina za pa guwa, zidutswa za osula golide, nsalu zamatchalitchi, nyumba zaulere ndi zidutswa zina, zomwe tsopano asokonezeka kwathunthu.

Nthawi yomweyo, gulu limakonzedwa kuti lizigwira ntchito zonse zomwe zili pamalopo, ngati gawo loyamba la njira zotetezera. Apa, anthu ammudzi amachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Tsiku la tsiku ndi tsiku limatha, anyamatawo amapita kunyumba ya Doña Trini kuti akakhale ndi empanadas zokoma ndi atole yomwe idakonzedweratu masiku ozizira kwambiri ku Santuario. Anthu ammudzi apereka chakudya ndipo zipinda zina zidavulidwa kwakanthawi kuti ophunzira azitha kuchita ndi kuphunzira, aphunzitsi kuti aziphunzitsa ndikuwonetsa. Kuphatikizana pakati pa Sukulu ndi anthu ammudzi kwachitika; kupatsidwa ndi kulandira tsiku ndi tsiku kwapezeka: Kachisi, ntchito yokongola yaukadaulo, yabwezeretsedwa.

Chithunzichi chachipembedzo chimakhalapobe kwazaka zambiri: mboni zake ndizopereka maloko a tsitsi lodulidwa, sera zotentha zosatha, "zozizwitsa" zosawerengeka, zopereka zotsimikizira, zithunzi zomwe zafota, zisoti zachifumu, nkhata zamaluwa ndi maluwa opangidwa ndi maluwa a chamomile. … Fungo losatha la Malo Oyera. Ndi momwe ndimakumbukirira Malo Opatulika; chifukwa cha nkhani yanu, zikomo kudera lanu.

Chitsime: Mexico mu Time No. 4 Disembala 1994-Januware 1995

Kanema: Tuzostv: Turismo en El Cardonal (Mulole 2024).