"Dziwani kuti kudzanja lamanja la Indies kunali chilumba chotchedwa California pafupi kwambiri ndi Earthly Paradise." Maserga a Esplandián (Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo)
Cortés analemba m'kalata yake yachinayi ya ubale akufotokoza zaulendo womwe m'modzi wa akapitawo adapita kudera la Colima: "… momwemonso adandibweretsera ubale ndi ambuye a chigawo cha Ciguatán, chomwe chimadziwika kuti chili ndi chilumba chokhala ndi anthu ambiri akazi, opanda amuna, ndikuti nthawi zina amapita kumtunda kwa amuna ... ndipo akabereka akazi amawasunga ndipo ngati amuna awathamangitsa pakati pawo ... chilumba ichi ndi masiku khumi kuchokera m'chigawo chino ... ndiuzeni chimodzimodzi, a wogonjetsa, ndi wolemera kwambiri ndi ngale ndi golide ”. (Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Mbiri yakugonjetsedwa kwa New Spain, wolemba Porrúa, Mexico, 1992.)
Sikovuta kulingalira, kudziwa malingaliro achikazi -ngakhale kuti aAmazon omwe atchulidwawa amapitilira zomwe zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso chake-, kuti pakati pa masamba omwe adasankhidwa ndi akazi anzeru panali malo akutali, ndi nyanja yake, momwe ngale zinali zochuluka, popeza ma Amazoni-ngati akadakhalapo- mosakayikira angakondwere kudzikongoletsa ndi chinthu chododometsa cha imodzi mwazinyalala zosawoneka bwino m'nyanja, zopatsidwa nzeru zakuya mkati, mwina Pofuna kubwezera kuyipa kwake kwakunja, ndi imodzi mwa mphatso zokongola kwambiri: ngale. Mosakayikira "ankhondo" awa amatha kumangirira khosi ndi mikono yawo ndi ulusi ndi ulusi wa izi, zolumikizana ndi ulusi wa maguey womwe ungakhale wochulukirapo "wolumala" mofananamo, zomwe pamapeto pake zimabweretsa chowonadi koma osakhala ndi Amazons.
Hernán Cortés, yemwe anali atakwanitsa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo ali ndi matenda ena ake ochepa, ngakhale atakhala kuti adayambitsidwa chifukwa cha moyo wake wowopsa, ali ndi zala ziwiri zakumanja ndikumenyedwa ndi kugwa koipa kwa kavalo, ndi wina mwendo umodzi chifukwa cha kugwa kwa khoma ku Cuba, komanso komwe sanachiritse atangofuna kupirira kwake, kusiya wopunduka pang'ono - zotsatira zomwe zitha kutsimikizika pomwe mtembo wake udapezeka mzaka makumi anayi zapitazo Church of the Hospital de Jesús-, mwina amakayikira nthano yongopeka iyi, koma adanenadi chidwi chake chofuna kupititsa patsogolo malo omwe adasambira Nyanja Yakumwera, yomwe idapitilira madera omwe adagonjetsa, pazifukwa izi posakhalitsa anayamba kupanga zombo kuchokera pagombe la Tehuantepec.
Mu 1527 zombo zazing'ono zothandizidwa ndi Cortés ndipo zoyang'aniridwa ndi Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón adachoka pamalo okonzera zombo ndikulowa munyanja yayikuluyo, m'masiku athu ano Pacific Ocean - amatchulidwapo pang'ono-, ndipo ndani, monga amadziwika, adafika Patapita kanthawi kuzilumba za Spice kapena Moluccas, ku Southeast Asia. M'malo mwake, Cortés sanafune kukulitsa zigonjetso zake kumayiko osadziwika komanso akutali a Asia, ngakhale pang'ono kuti asakumane ndi Amazons omwe atchulidwa; chikhumbo chake chinali kuzindikira magombe a Nyanja Yakumwera, monga zanenedwa, ndikuwunikira, monga zasonyezedwera ndi miyambo ina yakomweko, ngati panali zisumbu zolemera kwambiri pafupi ndi kontrakitala.
Zinachitikanso kuti bwato la a Cortés, komanso oyang'anira a Fortún -u Ortuño- Jiménez, komanso omwe gulu lawo lidasokonekera, atakonza ndi "a Biscayans ... adanyamuka ndikupita pachilumba chomwe adachitcha Santa Cruz, pomwe adati kuti panali ngale ndipo panali amwenye ambiri ngati openga ", a Bernal Díaz adalemba pantchito yomwe yatchulidwayi - omwe, ngakhale kulibe, anali osatsutsika pazonse - ndipo atamenya nkhondo zazikulu adabwerera kudoko la Jalisco:" ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo yomwe idayambitsa ovulala kwambiri adabwerera kudoko la Jalisco ... adatsimikiza kuti malowo anali abwino ndipo anali ndi anthu ambiri komanso anali ndi ngale zambiri. Nuño de Guzmán adazindikira izi, "komanso kuti adziwe ngati panali ngale, woyang'anira wamkulu ndi asitikali omwe adawatumiza anali okonzeka kubwerera chifukwa sanapeze ngale kapena china chilichonse." (Chidziwitso: Bernal Díaz adalemba izi pachiyambi chake.)
Mas Cortés - Bernal akupitilizabe -, yemwe adaikidwa mchinyumba ku Tehuantepec ndipo "anali munthu wamtima", ndipo podziwa kupezeka kwa Fortún Jiménez ndi omwe adamuukira, adaganiza zopita ku "Island of Pearls" kuti akaone nkhani yoti Diego Becerra yemwe anali mbendera adabweretsa ndi opulumuka asanu ndi awiri paulendowu omwe adatumizidwa kale, ndikukhazikitsa koloni pomwepo, olumikizidwa ndi harquebusiers ndi asitikali okhala ndi zombo zitatu: San Lázaro, Santa Águeda ndi San Nicolás, kuchokera ku sitima yapamadzi ya Tehuantepec. Ankhondo anali amuna pafupifupi mazana atatu mphambu makumi awiri, kuphatikiza makumi awiri ndi akazi awo olimba mtima, omwe - ngakhale izi ndi nkhambakamwa chabe - adamva kena kokhudza Amazon.
Pambuyo pa masabata angapo akukwera-kwa a Cortés ndi amuna ena amatha kukwera pamahatchi-, kenako kukwera ku Chametla, m'mphepete mwa Sinaloa, adafika pamalo omwe adatcha Santa Cruz, popeza anali Meyi 3 (tsiku la tchuthi) cha! chaka cha 1535. Ndipo kotero, malinga ndi a Bernal: "adathamangira ku California, komwe kuli Bay." Wolemba mbiri wokondedwayu sanatchulenso azimayiwo, mwina chifukwa chakuti, mwina atatopa, adakhala kwinakwake pagombe lodabwitsali kudikirira amuna awo omwe atha kubwera ndi ngale m'ndende zawo kuti awalimbikitse chifukwa chakusowa. Koma sizinali zonse zosavuta: nthawi ina Cortés amayenera kupita kumtunda ndipo, malinga ndi De Gómara: "adagula ku San Miguel ... komwe kumagwera ku Culhuacán, soda yambiri ndi tirigu ... ndi nkhumba, mipira ndi nkhosa ..." ( Francisco de Gómara, General History of the Indies, voliyumu 11, lolembedwa ndi Lberia, Barcelona, 1966.)
Pomwepo akuti pomwe Cortés adapitilizabe kupeza malo ndi malo owoneka bwino, pakati pawo miyala yayikulu yomwe, yopanga chipilala, imatsegula chitseko cha nyanja yotseguka: “… pali thanthwe lalikulu kumadzulo lomwe, kuchokera kumtunda, likudutsa Kutambasula kwa nyanja ... chinthu chapadera kwambiri pamwala uwu ndikuti gawo lake limapyozedwa ... pamwamba pake limapanga chipilala ... likuwoneka ngati mlatho wamtsinje chifukwa umaperekanso njira yamadzi ", ndizotheka kuti chipilalacho Ndinganene kuti "California" kwa Cortés: "chipinda chotetezera choterechi chimatchedwa ndi Latins fornix" (Miguel del Barco, Natural History and Chronicle of Ancient California), "komanso kunyanja yaying'ono kapena ku cove" komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi chipilalacho kapena "chipinda", mwina Cortés, yemwe mwina akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito Chilatini chomwe adaphunzira ku Salamanca nthawi ndi nthawi, adatcha malo okongola awa: "Cala Fornix" - kapena "cala del arco" -, osinthitsa oyendetsa sitima ake kukhala "California" , pokumbukira kuwerenga kwake kwachinyamata kwa mabuku, otchuka panthawiyo, wotchedwa "okwera pamahatchi".
Mwambo umanenanso kuti wogonjetsayo adatcha nyanja, yomwe ikhala ndi dzina lake posachedwa, ndikuwonetsa kukhudzika kwake - komwe mosakayikira inali nako - Nyanja ya Bermejo: izi chifukwa cha utoto, womwe nthawi zina likamalowa m'nyanja, umakhala ndi mithunzi pakati golide ndi wofiira: munthawi imeneyo salinso nyanja yayikulu yakuda yabuluu kapena yotuwa yomwe kuwala kwa masana kumapereka. Mwadzidzidzi lakhala nyanja yagolide yokhala ndi mkuwa pang'ono wamkuwa, wolingana ndi dzina lokongola lomwe wopambanawo wapereka.
Mas Cortés anali ndi zokonda zina zazikulu: chimodzi mwa izo, mwina chofunikira kwambiri, kuwonjezera pakupeza malo ndi nyanja, chikadakhala nsomba za ngale ndipo adachoka ku South Sea kuti ayende m'mbali mwa nyanja ina, kapena gombe lapafupi, lomwe Amupatsa dzina lake - kuti adzalowe m'malo mwa Gulf of California zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake - kuti adzipereke ku ntchitoyi, ku Santa Cruz, ndikupambana kwambiri pakampaniyo. Anayang'ananso malo okongola - komwe samagwa mvula yambiri-, yopangidwa ndi cacti ndi mitengo ya kanjedza ndi mphasa zokhala ndi masamba osangalatsa, motsutsana ndi mapiri akulu, osiyana ndi zomwe adaziwona. Wopambanayo sakuyiwala ntchito zake ziwiri, zomwe zikadakhala kuti apereke malo kwa mfumu yake ndi miyoyo kwa Mulungu wake, ngakhale ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pofika nthawiyo, popeza nzika zawo sizinali zofikirika, pokhala ndi zokumana nazo zosasangalatsa ndi omwe amatuluka -o opambana- m'mbuyomu.
Pakadali pano, Dona Juana de Zúñiga, mnyumba yake yachifumu ku Cuernavaca, adakhumudwa chifukwa chosakhalapo kwa mwamuna wake. Pazomwe adamulembera, molingana ndi Bernal yemwe sangatchulidwe: mwachikondi kwambiri, ndi mawu ndi mapemphero kuti abwerere kudziko lake komanso kukamenya nkhondo ". Komanso kuleza mtima doña Juana adapita kwa wolowa m'malo mwa Don de de Mendoza, "wokoma kwambiri komanso wachikondi" akumufunsa mwamuna wake kuti abwerere. Potsatira malamulo a wogwirizira komanso zofuna za Dona Juana, Cortés sakanachitira mwina koma kubwerera ndikubwerera ku Acapulco nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo pake, "atafika ku Cuernavaca, komwe kunali mayendedwe, komwe kunali chisangalalo chochuluka, ndipo oyandikana nawo onse adakondwera ndikubwera kwake", doña Juana alandiradi mphatso yokongola kuchokera kwa Don Hernando, ndipo palibe chabwino kuposa ngale zina kuposa osiyanasiyana Amatulutsa kuyitanidwa, panthawiyo, "Chilumba cha Ngale" -kufanana ndi za ku Caribbean ndipo, pambuyo pake, Cerralvo Island-, momwe wogonjetsayo adadyera, kuyang'ana nzika ndi asitikali awo akudziponya pansi kuchokera kunyanja ndikutuluka ndi chuma chake.
Koma zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa ndi mtundu wa Bernal Díaz wosayerekezeka. Palinso mitundu ina yakupezeka kwa "madera omwe amawoneka ochulukirapo komanso okhala ndi anthu ambiri koma anali mkati mwanyanja." Anthu a Ortuño Jiménez, omwe adatumizidwa ndi a Cortés, adaganiza kuti ndi chilumba chachikulu, mwina cholemera, popeza zisangalalo za oyisitara ngale zimadziwika m'mphepete mwake. Ngakhale mamembala omwe adatumizidwa ndi wogonjetsayo, mwina ngakhale Hernán Cortés mwiniwake, sangazindikire chuma chochuluka cha nyanjazi, osati mu ngale zomwe zakhala zikuyembekezeredwa kwanthawi yayitali komanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi. Ulendo wake wopita kunyanja zomwe tatchulazi, pokhala m'mwezi wa Meyi, adaphonya chiwonetsero chachikulu chofika ndi kunyamuka kwa anamgumiwo. Komabe, madera omwe Cortés adagonjetsa anali, monga a Cid, "akukula" pamaso pa kavalo wake komanso zombo zake zisanachitike.
