Anthu achikoloni ku Oaxaca sanali osiyana ndi madera ena a Viceroyalty; Komabe, idali ndi mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu komanso zilankhulo zomwe zidapanga kuyambira pachiyambi.
Munthawi ya 16th, mabanja akale azikhalidwe adakhalabe ndi chuma komanso chikhalidwe; koma Korona pang'ono ndi pang'ono, imalola kuti imveke kuyang'anira magulu osiyanasiyana. M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, kutchuka kwakomweko kumangowonekera m'miyambo yachipembedzo, yomwe, monga pano, idatenga masiku angapo.
Pamodzi ndi mbadwa ndi Aspanya, magulu a mestizo ndi ma criollos adatulukira; ndipo ndi madera ena okha a m'mphepete mwa nyanja anthu amtundu wokhala adakhazikika. Komabe, anthu aku Spain - achilankhulo ndi achi Creole - sanali akulu kwambiri m'boma; ndipo pafupifupi nthawi zonse ankangokhalira kulikulu ndi m'matawuni akulu monga Tehuantepec kapena Villa Alta.
Ntchito zokomera komwe mbadazo zimayenera kuchitira Tchalitchi, encomenderos ndi Korona, zinali zofala m'zaka za zana la 16. Pambuyo pake, hacienda idakhala gawo lopanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito lomwe, pamodzi ndi ntchito ya migodi, idathandizira dongosolo lazachuma. Anthu achibadwidwe ndiomwe anali ofunikira kwambiri m'boma, mzaka zonse zamakoloni.
Chuma cha Oaxacan, kuyambira pachiyambi, chinali kutengera kugwilitsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka: ulimi ndi migodi, makamaka. Kuyambira koyamba mwa izi, ndikuyenera kuwonetsa kulima kofiira, makamaka mdera la Mixteca, komanso silika ndi thonje. Cochineal (cocus cacti) ndi kachilombo ka hemiptere kamene kamakhala mu nopales (dactylinpius cacti), yomwe, ikasandulika kukhala ufa, imapanga utoto wofiira wofiira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupaka nsalu; Tincture iyi idakondedwa kwambiri m'maulamuliro aku Spain.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazitsulo ndi cochineal (Nocheztli) zidapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito zina zachuma monga ulimi ndi ziweto, koma koposa zonse zidapangitsa kuti pakhale malonda ambiri am'deralo komanso amitundu. Zogulitsa kuchokera ku Oaxaca (mchere, nsalu, zikopa, indigo) zidafika ku Puebla, Mexico, Querétaro ndi Zacatecas. Mwachilengedwe, chuma ichi chimakumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha masoka achilengedwe - chilala, miliri, zivomerezi ndi kusefukira kwamadzi - komanso njira zowakakamiza omwe aboma lamilandu komanso azinyumba.
Chuma cha Oaxaca chidakwaniritsidwa ndikupanga zina mwazogulitsa zakomweko; mwachitsanzo ziwiya zadothi, makamaka m'matawuni omwe ali m'chigwa chapakati (Atzompa, Coyotepec) ndi ma sarape aubweya m'madera a Tlaxiaco (Mixteca Alta) ndi Villa Alta; ofesi yomaliza iyi idapereka tawuni: San Juan de la Lana. Ngakhale panali kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwamalonda, zopangidwa ku Europe, South America ndi Asia zidafika ku Oaxaca kudzera kumadoko a Huatulco ndi Tehuantepec.
