Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, mamembala a Cuauhtémoc City Speleology Group (GEL), a Chihuahua, adandipempha kuti ndikonzekeretu kutsetsereka pakhoma lamiyala la mathithi a Basaseachi, apamwamba kwambiri mdziko lathu ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nkhaniyi inandisangalatsa kwambiri, choncho ndisanakonzekere tsikulo, ndidadzipereka kufunafuna zambiri za tsambalo.
Buku lakale kwambiri lomwe ndidapeza za mathithi ochititsa chidwiwa adachokera kumapeto kwa zaka za zana zapitazi, ndipo amapezeka m'buku la Unknown Mexico la wofufuza malo waku Norway a Karlo Lumholtz, yemwe adapita kukacheza ku Sierra Tarahumara.
Lumholtz akutchula kuti "katswiri wazamigodi wochokera ku Pinos Altos yemwe adayeza kutalika kwa mathithi, adapeza kuti ndi 980 mapazi." Kuyeza kumeneku kupitilira mita kumatipatsa kutalika kwa 299 m. M'buku lake, Lumholtz akufotokoza mwachidule kukongola kwa tsambalo, kuwonjezera pakupereka chithunzi cha mathithi omwe adatengedwa mu 1891. Mu Chihuahua Geographical and Statistical Review, lofalitsidwa mu 1900 ndi Library ya C. Bouret Widow, iye ndi amapereka dontho la 311 m.
Fernando Jordán mu Crónica de un País Bárbaro (1958) amaupatsa kutalika kwa 310 m, ndipo mu monograph ya boma yosinthidwa ndi "La Prensa" wogulitsa mabuku ku 1992, imapatsidwa kukula kwa 264 m. Ndidapeza zambiri zokhudzana ndi mathithiwa ndipo ambiri aiwo amati mathithi ake ndi 310 m; ena adanenanso kuti amayeza 315 m.
Mwina buku limodzi lodalirika kwambiri lomwe ndidapeza linali National Parks kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Mexico lolembedwa ndi American Richard Fisher, lofalitsidwa mu 1987, pomwe akuti Robert Robert Schmidt, yemwe anali katswiri wa malo, anayeza mathithiwo ndipo anawapatsa kutalika kwa mamita 806, kapena mamita 246. m. Izi zomaliza zimayika Basaseachi ngati mathithi makumi awiri padziko lapansi komanso wachinayi ku North America.
Atakumana ndi kusiyana kotereku pamiyeso, ndidafunsira mamembala a GEL kuti tigwiritse ntchito kutsika kumene tikukambirana kuti tione kutalika kwa mathithiwo ndikuchotsa kukayika pazambirizi; malingaliro omwe adalandiridwa nthawi yomweyo.
GULU LA CIUDAD CUAUHTÉMOC SPELEOLOGY
Kuyitanidwa ku tsikuli kunkawoneka kosangalatsa kwa ine popeza kunapangidwa ndi amodzi mwamagulu akale kwambiri komanso olimba kwambiri ku Mexico, omwe ndinali nawo chidwi chogawana nawo zomwe ndakumana nazo ndikufufuza. Gululi linayamba mu 1978 motsogozedwa ndi chidwi cha oyenda ndi ofufuza osiyanasiyana ochokera ku Cuauhtémoc, omwe adadziyika okha kukhala cholinga choyamba kutsikira ku Sótano de las Golondrinas, ku San Luis Potosí (cholinga chomwe chidakwaniritsidwa bwino). Dr. Víctor Rodríguez Guajardo, Oscar Cuán, Salvador Rodríguez, Raúl Mayagoitia, Daniel Benzojo, Rogelio Chávez, Ramiro Chávez, Dr. Raúl Zárate, Roberto “el Nono” Corral ndi José Luis “el Casca” Chávez, ndi ena, anali oyamba injini ya gululi lomwe lapitilizabe kugwira nawo ntchito zowunika komanso maulendo, kulimbikitsa ndi kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha zokongola za dziko la Chihuahua. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mpainiya m'maiko onse akumpoto mdzikolo.
Tidachoka ku Cuauhtémoc kupita ku Basaseachi masana pa Julayi 8. Tinali gulu lalikulu, anthu 25, popeza tinatsagana ndi achibale, akazi ndi ana a mamembala angapo a GEL, chifukwa ulendowu ungaphatikizane bwino ndi banja chifukwa cha malo omwe alipo ku Basaseachi National Park.
ZOCHITIKA ZIMAYAMBA
Pa chisanu ndi chinayi tidadzuka kuyambira 7 koloko m'mawa. kuchita zonse zokonzekera kutsika. Ndi zingwe ndi zida tidasunthira kumapeto kwa mathithi. Chifukwa cha mvula yomwe yagwa kwambiri m'mapiri, idanyamula madzi ochuluka omwe adagwa modabwitsa chakumayambiriro kwa chigwa cha Candameña.
Tinaganiza zokhazikitsa mzere waukulu wobadwira pamalo omwe ali pafupifupi 100 m pamwamba kumanja kwamalingaliro, komanso pafupifupi 20 m pamwamba pa mathithi. Mfundoyi ndiyabwino kutsikira, popeza kupatula 6 kapena 7 yoyamba, kugwa kwake ndi kwaulere. Kumeneko timayika chingwe cha 350 m. Timayitcha iyi njira ya GEL.
Ngakhale njira ya GEL ndiyabwino kwambiri ndipo imapereka malingaliro owoneka bwino pamtsinjewo, tidaganiza zokhazikitsa mzere wina wotsika womwe unali pafupi ndi mtsinjewo kuti tipeze zithunzi zambiri za mathithi. Pachifukwa ichi, tidangopeza njira imodzi yomwe inali pafupifupi 10 m kuyambira pomwe mathithi adayamba. Kutsika kwa gawo ili kuli bwino, kungoti kuchokera pakati kugwa njirayo idakutidwa ndi ndege yamadzi, popeza imakulitsa ikatsika.
Panjira yachiwiri iyi, timangirira zingwe ziwiri, imodzi mwa 80 m pomwe ndipomwe wofufuzayo angatsikire, ndi ina ya 40 mita yomwe wojambulayo amatsikira. Njirayi siinafike pansi pa mathithi ndipo timayitcha "njira yojambulira".
Woyamba kutsika anali Víctor Rodríguez wachichepere. Ndinayang'ana zida zake zonse ndikupita naye koyambirira kwaulendo wake. Ndi bata lalikulu adayamba kutsika ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono adatayika pakukula kwakugwa.
Kumbuyo tinali ndi lego yaying'ono komanso chiyambi cha Mtsinje wa Candameña womwe umadutsa m'makoma owoneka a canyon omwewo. Pambuyo pa Víctor, Pino, Jaime Armendáriz, Daniel Benzojo ndi Ramiro Chávez adatsika. Kutsika kwakukumbukiranso kugwa kwamlingo wina ngati uwu, timazichita ndi chida chophweka komanso chaching'ono chomwe timachitcha "marimba" (chifukwa chofanana ndi chida choimbira), chomwe chimazikidwa ndi mkangano pa chingwe.
Marimba amalola kuti kukanganaku kukhale kosiyanasiyana m'njira yoti wofufuzayo azitha kuyendetsa liwiro la kutsika kwake, kuzichepetsera kapena kuthamanga momwe angafunire.
Víctor asanamalize kutsika kwake, ine ndi Oscar Cuán tidayamba kutsika mizere iwiri yomwe tidayika pamsewu wazithunzi. Oscar anali chitsanzo ndipo ine ndinali wojambula zithunzi. Zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri kutsika pafupi ndi mtsinje waukuluwo ndikuwona momwe unagwera mwamphamvu ndikugunda khoma lamiyala.
MALAMULO OGULITSIDWA
Monga 6 koloko masana Tidamaliza ntchito tsiku lomwelo ndikukonza disc yochuluka komanso yochuluka (chakudya chamayiko aku Chihuahuan) ngati chakudya chamadzulo. Popeza kuti abwenzi ambiri a GEL anali limodzi ndi akazi awo ndi ana awo, tinali ndi nthawi yosangalala ndikumacheza nawo.
Ndinali wokondwa kuwona momwe GEL ilili yogwirizana komanso thandizo lomwe limalandira kuchokera kumabanja awo. M'malo mwake, nzeru zake zidafotokozedwa mwachidule m'malamulo atatu oyambira kukonda chilengedwe: 1) Chokhacho chomwe chatsala ndi mapazi. 2) Chinthu chokha chomwe chimapha ndi nthawi. 3) Chinthu chokha chomwe chimatengedwa ndi zithunzi.
Andiuza kuti kangapo afika malo akutali kwambiri omwe ali osasunthika ndipo akachoka amatenga zinyalala zonse, kuyesera kuwasiya momwemo momwe adawapezera, oyera, osasunthika kotero kuti ngati gulu lina lingawachezere , Ndikanamva chimodzimodzi ndi iwo; kuti palibe amene anali atakhalako kale.
Pa Julayi 10, tsiku lomaliza kukhala mu paki, anthu angapo amapita njira ya GEL. Ndisanayambe kuyendetsa, ndinatenga chingwe cha 40 m kuchokera munjira yojambulira ndikuyika pamseu wa GEL kuti ndikhoze kupanga ma descents ena abwinoko ndikujambula zithunzi zabwino. Woyamba kutsika anali José Luis Chávez.
Komabe, mphindi zochepa kutsika kwake adandikalipira ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndidatsika chingwe cha 40 m kupita komwe anali, komwe kunali 5 kapena 6 m pansi pa gombe. Nditafika kwa iye ndinawona kuti chingwecho chikupaka mwamphamvu pamwalawo womwe unali utaphwanya kale zotchinga zonse ndipo unali kuyamba kukhudza pachimake pa chingwe; vutoli linali loopsa kwambiri.
Tisanayambe kugwira ntchito lero, ndinali ndasanthula ma mita angapo oyambilira a chingwe kuti ndione ngati pali mkangano uliwonse, komabe, yomwe tinali nayo panthawiyo sinkawoneka kuchokera kumwamba. José Luis anali asanawonepo malipirowo mpaka atadutsa kale, choncho nthawi yomweyo adayika inshuwaransi yodziyimira payokha, ndikuyamba kuyendetsa kubwerera.
Tonse tikakwera ndikudulidwa pazingwe, tidakweza gawo lodyetseralo ndikuyambiranso. Mikanganoyo idapangidwa ndi kuwonekera mochenjera koma kwakuthwa komwe sikungapewe, chifukwa chake tidayika chisisi kuti tipewe mkangano watsopano pa chingwe. Pambuyo pake adatsiriza kutsika kwake popanda mavuto akulu.
Atangobwera José Luis, Susana ndi Elsa, ana onse aakazi a Rogelio Chávez, yemwe amakonda kukwera mapiri ndikuwayendera, ndipo amawalimbikitsa kwambiri. Ayenera kukhala azaka zapakati pa 17 ndi 18. Ngakhale anali atadumphapo m'mbuyomu, uku kunali koyamba kubadwa kwawo kofunikira ndipo anali olimbikitsidwa, othandizidwa kwambiri ndi abambo awo, omwe anali omwe amawunika zida zawo zonse. Ndidatsika nawo chingwe cha m 40 kuti ndiwathandize nawo gawo loyambirira ndikujambula mwatsatanetsatane kutsika.
Pambuyo pa Elsa ndi Susana, a Don Ramiro Chávez, agogo awo aamuna, adatsika. Don Ramiro ndi, pazifukwa zambiri, munthu wapadera. Popanda kuwopa kulakwitsa, mosakayikira anali munthu wachichepere kwambiri yemwe adatsika pa mathithi, ndipo osati chifukwa cha msinkhu wake kuyambira ali ndi zaka 73 (zomwe sizikuwoneka), koma chifukwa cha mzimu wake, chidwi komanso kukonda moyo.
Don Ramiro atatsika, inali nthawi yanga. Momwe ndimatsikira, ndimayimitsa chingwe ndikukhazika chingwe pamalo omwe mathithi adayambirako ndipo ndidasiya chizindikiro kuti ndikwaniritse bwino kukula kwa mathithiwo. Ndinapitabe pansi ndipo nthawi yonse yomwe ndinali ndi masomphenya a kugwa, mawonekedwe abwino bwanji! Ndinayenera kuwona utawaleza zingapo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kamphepo kayaziyazi kotuluka mumtsinje wamadzi.
Nditafika pansi, Cuitláhuac Rodríguez adayamba kutsika. Pomwe ndinali ndikumuyembekezera, ndinali wokondwa ndi zomwe ndinawona pamapazi anga. Ikugwa, mathithi amadzipangira nyanja yomwe ndi yovuta kuyandikira chifukwa nthawi zonse imakhala yamphepo ndi mphepo. Pali miyala ikuluikulu yamiyala yamiyala yazaka zikwizikwi ndipo chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi udzu komanso moss wokongola wobiriwira wobiriwira pafupifupi 100 m. Ndiye pali nkhalango, wandiweyani komanso wokongola chifukwa choti sichidakonzedwenso ndi anthu.
Cuitláhuac atafika tinayamba kutsika ndi mitsinje, chifukwa timayenera kuwoloka kuti titenge njira yomwe imakwera pamwamba pa mathithi. Komabe, kuwoloka kumeneku kunatipangitsa kuti tigwire ntchito ina chifukwa nyanjayi inali yodzala pang'ono kupitilira. Kwezani chowongoka ndikupita pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya payini, táscates, alders, sitiroberi, thundu ndi mitengo ina yokongola.
Inali 6 koloko madzulo. titafika pamwamba; Zingwe zonse ndi zida zonse zinali zitasonkhanitsidwa kale ndipo aliyense anali mu msasawo, ndikuukweza ndikukonzekera kuyimba kwatsanzikana. Ngati china chidandigwira, zinali kuti mamembala a GEL amakonda kudya bwino, ndipo ndimazolowera "faquireadas".
Titamaliza kudya tinayesa chingwe chotsikira pakati pa zipsera zomwe zidayikidwa kuti tidziwe kuchuluka kwa mathithi amtsinje wa Basaseachi. Izi zidapezeka kuti zinali 245 m, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi muyeso wofotokozedwa ndi wolemba mbiri Schimdt wa 246m.
Ndisananyamuke kupita ku Cuauhtémoc ndinapita kukatsanzikana ndi mathithiwa, kuti ndikasangalale ndi kukongola kwake ndikuthokoza chifukwa taloledwa mwayi wokhala nawo ndikusangalala nawo kwathunthu. Mvula inali itayima kale kwanthawi yayitali ndipo kuchokera kumunsi kwa chigwa ndi chigwa kunayamba kuzizira pang'onopang'ono zomwe zimaphatikizana ndi kamphepo kayaziyazi.
