Anthu ndi zikhalidwe ku Totonacapan II

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Tili ndi ziwerengero zina zomwe zimatibweretseranso tawuniyi ndi zovala zawo zamwambo ndi zokongoletsera, zonyamula zifuwa zopatulika kapena kunyamula ma feline.

Mwa iwo timasiyanitsa zovala zomwe zidavala zokongola za nthawiyo, zopangidwa ndi zikuluzikulu zazikulu zomwe zimafikira kumapazi. Pofufuza zojambulajambula zomwe zidalipo pazithunzizi zadongo, tazindikira kuti milungu yambiri ya milungu yaku Mesoamerican inali yolemekezedwa kale ndi anthu apagombe munthawi imeneyi; tili ndi Tlaloc, mulungu wa mvula, yemwe amadziwika ndi omwe amatichititsa khungu kuti, ngati chigoba chachizolowezi, amaphimba kumaso kwake; mbuye wakufa yemwe watchulidwa kale, yemwe anthu akumapeto adapanga ziwonetsero zazikulu; Huehuetéotl aliponso, mulungu wakale wamoto, yemwe chiyambi chake chikuwoneka kuti chidayamba nthawi ya Cuicuilco (zaka 300 BC) pakatikati pa Mexico.

Zikuwoneka kuti ku Gulf Coast ku Mexico kunali kulimbikira kwazipembedzo zokhudzana ndi masewera ampikisano wamasewera, popeza makhothi angapo apezeka. Pakatikati pa Veracruz, masewera a mpira amalumikizidwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "Zovuta zamagoli, mitengo ya kanjedza ndi nkhwangwa", seti yazithunzi zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'miyala yolimba komanso yaying'ono yamitundu yobiriwira ndi imvi.

Choyambirira, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti pamasewerawa ophunzirawo amayenera kuteteza chiuno ndi ziwalo zawo zamkati ndi malamba akulu, mwina opangidwa ndi matabwa komanso okutidwa ndi nsalu za thonje ndi zikopa. Otetezera awa mwina ndi omwe anali akale ndi mawonekedwe a ziboliboli zotchedwa magoli, zooneka ngati nsapato za akavalo kapena zina zotsekedwa kwathunthu. Ojambulawo adagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ake achidwi kuti ajambule zithunzi zokongola pamakoma akunja komanso pamapeto pake omwe amakumbukira nkhope za akalulu kapena mbatata, mbalame zakusiku, monga kadzidzi, kapena mbiri ya anthu.

Mitengo ya kanjedza imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake otalika komanso pamwamba pake pokhota pamakumbutsa masamba amtengo uwu. Olemba ena amaganiza kuti atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zizindikilo zodziwika bwino zomwe zimazindikiritsa osewera kapena magulu awo ndi ubale wawo. Zambiri mwa ziboliboli zimafanana ndi mileme, zina zimafotokoza zochitika zamwambo momwe timazindikira ankhondo opambana, mafupa omwe mnofu wawo umadyedwa ndi nyama zolusa, kapena omwe amapereka nsembe ali ndi mabere otseguka.

Ponena za nkhwangwa zomwe timati, zomwe titha kunena za iwo ndikuti amawerengedwa ngati zolembera pamiyala yomwe idapezedwa ndikudula mutu, pachimake pamiyambo yamasewera a mpira. Zowonadi, zinthu zodziwika bwino zimatiwonetsa kuzambiri za anthu zokongola kwambiri, monga nkhwangwa yotchuka ya dolphin yomwe inali ya Miguel Covarrubias; Palinso mbiri yazinyama kapena mbalame zoyamwitsa, koma timanyalanyaza kulumikizana kwawo mwachindunji ndi zomwe akuti akupereka.

Kukula kwakukulu kwachikhalidwe m'chigawo chapakati m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi kunachitika patsamba la El Tajin, pafupi ndi tawuni yosangalatsa ya Papantla. Mwachiwonekere, chitukuko chake chinali ndi ntchito yayitali kuyambira 400 mpaka 1200 AD, ndiye kuti, kuchokera ku Classic mpaka koyambirira kwa Postclassic, ku periodic ya Mesoamerican.

Kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa malowa ku El Tajín kunazindikira madera awiri. Poyamba, mlendo yemwe amabwera pamalowo ndikuyamba ulendo wake amapeza nyumba zingapo zomanga zomwe zili kumunsi. Gulu la mtsinjewu ndi gulu la Pyramid of the Niches ndi gulu loyamba la zomangamanga zomwe zidachitika; Womalizirayo amatchedwa dzina lodziwika bwino la pyramidal lomwe lakhala likudziwika kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 18 komanso lomwe lapangitsa mzinda wamabwinja kukhala wotchuka. Chipinda chapansi ndi matupi opondaponda omwe mawonekedwe ake ndi kuphatikiza kwa khoma lopangidwa ndi zipilala zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi kutsetsereka ndipo zimamalizidwa ndi chimanga cholozera. Wowonerera amene akuganizira za nyumbayi amalandira chithunzi chodabwitsa kwambiri komanso chotsimikizika cha kulinganiza bwino komwe mapulani amomwe makolo awo adakwanitsa poyerekeza kukula ndi chisomo.

Pafupi ndi Pyramid of the Niches pali makhothi angapo amasewera a mpira, omwe ku El Tajín amadziwika ndi kuti makoma owongoka mkati mwamabwalo amakongoletsedwa ndi zojambula zomwe zimafotokoza mphindi zosiyanasiyana za masewera opatulika. M'masewerowa timazindikira kudulidwa kwa m'modzi mwa osewera, kupembedza kwa maguey ndi pulque, magule ndikusintha kwa omwe akhudzidwa kukhala nyama zakumwamba monga chiwombankhanga. Ojambulayo adapanga zojambulazo ndi chinthu chokongoletsa chomwe chakhala chikutchedwa "cholumikizira cha Totonaco", chomwe chimadziwika chifukwa cha zingwe kapena mipukutu yolukanitsidwa mwanjira yakuthupi; Koyamba zitha kuwoneka ngati kuyenda kwamadzi, kulumikizana kwa mitambo kapena chimphepo chamkuntho ndi mkuntho.

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Kanema: HALLAN NUEVA PIRAMIDE EN EL TAJÍN (Mulole 2024).