Tikukupemphani kuti mupeze mbiri ya dera lino la Guerrero.
Boma la Cuajinicuilapa lili ku Costa Chica de Guerrero, m'malire ndi boma la Oaxaca, ndi tawuni ya Azoyú ndi Pacific Ocean. Jamaica ndi minda ya sesame ikupezeka m'derali; pagombe pali mitengo ya kanjedza, minda ya chimanga ndi magombe okongola amchenga oyera. Ndi savanna yokhala ndi malo athyathyathya ndi zigwa zazikulu, zokhala ndi nyengo yotentha pomwe kutentha kwapachaka kumafikira 30ºC.
Dzinalo la municipalities limapangidwa ndi mawu atatu ochokera ku Nahuatl: Cuauhxonecuilli-atl-pan; cuajinicuil, mtengo womwe umakula m'mbali mwa mitsinje; atl kutanthauza "madzi", ndi poto kutanthauza "mu"; ndiye Cuauhxonecuilapan amatanthauza "Mtsinje wa Cuajinicuiles".
Asanafike a Spanish, Cuajinicuilapa anali chigawo cha Ayacastla. Komanso, Igualapa anali mtsogoleri wa chigawochi mpaka pa Ufulu ndipo pambuyo pake adasamukira ku Ometepec.
Mu 1522 Pedro de Alvarado adakhazikitsa mudzi woyamba waku Spain ku Acatlán mkatikati mwa Ayacastla. Mu 1531 chipanduko cha a Tlapanec chidapangitsa kuti anthu amderali athawe kwambiri ndipo tawuniyo idasiyidwa pang'onopang'ono. M'zaka za zana lakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, anthu amtunduwu anali akusowa chifukwa cha nkhondo, kuponderezana komanso matenda.
Chifukwa chake, anthu aku Spain adapeza chofunikira kufunafuna ogwira ntchito kumadera ena kuti apitilize kuwononga malo olandidwa, motero akuyambitsa malonda a akapolo, omwe ndi amodzi mwamanyazi komanso zomvetsa chisoni m'mbiri ya anthu. Atathamangitsidwa kwambiri m'misewu yosasokonezedwa kwazaka zopitilira zaka mazana atatu, anthu aku Africa opitilira 20 miliyoni azaka zokolola adalandidwa m'midzi yawo ndikusandulika kukhala malonda ndi injini zamagazi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa anthu, zachuma komanso chikhalidwe ku Africa.
Ngakhale akapolo ambiri adafika padoko la Veracruz, adalinso mokakamizidwa, kutengera akapolo mozembetsa komanso magulu a ma cimarrones (akapolo omasuka) omwe adafika ku Costa Chica.
Pakati pa zaka za zana la 16, a Don Mateo Anaus y Mauleon, nduna yayikulu komanso wamkulu wa olondera a viceroy, adalamulira malo ambiri m'chigawo cha Ayacastla, chomwe chimaphatikizaponso Cuajinicuilapa.
Dera lidasandulika chipinda chodyetsera ng'ombe chomwe chimapatsa nyamayo nyama, zikopa ndi ubweya. Pakadali pano, anthu akuda angapo am'madzi amabwera kuderalo kufunafuna chitetezo; Ena adachokera ku doko la Yatulco (lero Huatulco) komanso kuchokera ku mphero za shuga ku Atlixco; Anagwiritsa ntchito dera lakutali kuti akhazikitse magulu ang'onoang'ono momwe akanatha kuberekanso miyambo yawo ndikukhala ndi bata kutali ndi omwe amapondereza anzawo mwankhanza. Akadzagwidwa, ankalandira chilango chokhwima.
Don Mateo Anaus y Mauleon adawateteza ndipo potero adapeza ntchito yotsika mtengo, pang'onopang'ono kuti Cuajinicuilapa ndi madera ozungulira adadzaza ndi zigawenga za anthu akuda.
Ma haciendas a nthawiyo anali malo enieni ophatikizana amitundu komwe, pamodzi ndi ambuye ndi mabanja awo, onse omwe adadzipereka pantchito zantchito, ulimi wamkaka, kufufuta zikopa, oyang'anira ndi chisamaliro chapakhomo amakhala: Aspanya, Amwenye, akuda ndi mitundu yonse ya zosakaniza.
Akapolowo adayamba kugulitsa ng'ombe ndipo adachita zambiri pakhungu ndi kukonza zikopa.
Zaka mazana zapitazo zidasiyidwa, kugawa magawo atsopano, nkhondo, ndi zina zambiri. Cha m'ma 1878, nyumba ya Miller idakhazikitsidwa ku Cuajinicuilapa, zomwe zinali zofunika kwambiri pakusintha dera m'zaka za zana la 20.
Nyumbayi inali ya banja la a Pérez Reguera, a bourgeoisie a Ometepec, komanso a Carlos A. Miller, mainjiniya aku America ochokera ku Germany. Kampaniyo inali ndi fakitale yopanga sopo, komanso kuweta ng'ombe komanso kubzala thonje zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira sopo.
Miller latifundio idayang'anira maseru onse a Cuajinicuilapa, okhala ndi mahekitala 125 zikwi. Akuluwo akutsimikiza kuti panthawiyo "Cuajinicuilapa inali tawuni yomwe inali ndi nyumba zazing'ono 40 zokha zopangidwa ndi udzu ndi denga lozungulira."
Pakatikati pamakhala amalonda azungu, omwe anali ndi nyumba ya adobe. Omwe anali abulauni ankakhala m'nyumba zaudzu zoyera pakati pa mapiri, zozungulira zazing'ono ndipo mbali imodzi kadontho kakang'ono ka khitchini, koma, inde, patio yayikulu.
Dera lozungulira, lowoneka bwino ku Africa, linali nyumba yodziwika bwino m'chigawochi, ngakhale lero ndi ochepa okha omwe atsala, chifukwa amakonda kusinthidwa ndi nyumba zopangidwa ndi zinthu.
Pamaphwando, akuti, azimayi am'madera osiyanasiyana adayamba kupikisana ndi mavesi oyera, ndipo nthawi zina ankamenyana, ngakhale ndi zikwanje.
Abambo a ng'ombe a Miller adanyamula ma nyulu awo ndi thonje kupita ku bar ya Tecoanapa, ulendo wamasiku khumi kuti akafike padoko, pomwe adachoka kupita ku Salina Cruz, Manzanillo ndi Acapulco.
"Zisanachitike zina, m'mapiri tidayenera kudya osagula, timangopita kumadzi kapena mumtsinje kukasodza, kukasaka iguana, ndipo omwe anali ndi zida azikatulutsidwa.
“M'nyengo youma tidapita pansi kuti tifese; Mmodzi adapanga enramadita yake yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati nyumba nthawi yonseyi, tawuniyo idatsala yopanda anthu, adatseka nyumba zawo ndipo popeza kunalibe zotchinga, minga idayikidwa pazitseko ndi mawindo. Mpaka Meyi adabwerera mtawoni kukakonza malo ndikudikirira mvula ”.
Lero ku Cuajinicuilapa zinthu zambiri zachitika, koma kwenikweni anthu adasinthabe, ndimakumbukiro awo, zikondwerero zawo, magule awo komanso chikhalidwe chawo.
Magule monga chikho, aku Chile, kuvina kwa kamba, Los Diablos, khumi ndi awiri aku France ndi Conquest, amadziwika pamalopo. Zopereka zokhudzana ndi matsenga achipembedzo ndizofunikanso: kuchiritsa matenda, kuthana ndi mavuto am'magulu pogwiritsa ntchito zithumwa, zomera zamankhwala, ndi zina zambiri.
Apa, misonkhano ya anthu akuda yakhazikitsidwa kuti athe kuwunikanso zinthu zomwe zimawalola kuti zigwirizane ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha anthu akuda aku Costa Chica a Oaxaca ndi Guerrero.
Ku Cuajinicuilapa kuli Museum yoyamba ya Muzu Wachitatu, ndiye kuti, waku Africa ku Mexico. Boma limakhala ndi malo okongola. Pafupi ndi mutuwo, pafupifupi 30 km, ndi Punta Maldonado, malo owoneka bwino m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mudzi wosodza wokhala ndi zochitika zambiri komanso kupanga nsomba kofunikira.
Amunawa amachoka m'mawa kwambiri ndipo amabwerera usiku kwambiri, mosinthana komwe kumadutsa maola khumi ndi asanu tsiku lililonse. Ku Punta Maldonado nkhanu zomwe zimasodzedwa mita zochepa kuchokera pagombe ndizabwino kwambiri. Apa pali nyumba yoyatsa nyali yakale yomwe imafotokoza malire a boma la Guerrero ndi la Oaxaca.
Tierra Colada ndi dera lina laling'ono mumasipala; Anthu ake amakhala odzipereka koposa kufesa sesame ndi hibiscus. Pafupifupi mtawuniyi ndi dziwe lokongola la Santo Domingo, lomwe lili ndi nsomba ndi mbalame zamitundumitundu zomwe zimapezeka pakati pa mangroves ochititsa chidwi omwe azungulira dera la nyanjayi.
Barra del Pío sikhala patali ndi Santo Domingo, ndipo monga iyi, ndi yokongola kwambiri. Asodzi ambiri amabwera ku bala ili nthawi ndi nthawi, omwe amamanga nyumba zomwe adzagwiritse ntchito kwakanthawi. Zimakhala zachizolowezi kubwera kumalo amenewa ndikupeza kuti nyumba zonse zilibe anthu. Mpaka nyengo yotsatira amuna ndi mabanja awo abwerere kukalandanso ramada.
Ku San Nicolás anthu amakhala achisangalalo, nthawi zonse pamakhala chifukwa chomveka chokondwerera phwandolo, pomwe sichabwino, ndi zikondwerero, ukwati, zaka khumi ndi zisanu, tsiku lobadwa, ndi zina zotero. Awo amakhala kukhala osangalala komanso ovina mosangalala; Anthu amati pambuyo pa fandangos (omwe adatha mpaka masiku atatu) adadwala ndipo ena adafera kuvina.
Mumthunzi wa mtengo (parota) ana akuvina, ndipo nyimbo zimapangidwa ndi zowawa, mawande ndi vayolini; Amavina pamwamba papulatifomu yamatabwa yotchedwa "artesa", yomwe imapangidwa ndi mtengo umodzi ndipo imakhala ndi mchira ndi mutu wa kavalo kumapeto.
Dansi lina lodziwika bwino ndi "torito": ng'ombe yamphongo imapita kokayenda mtawuniyi ndipo anthu onse akumaloko amavina ndikusewera momuzungulira, koma amalimbana ndi omvera, omwe amachita zochitika zosiyanasiyana kuti apulumuke.
"Ziwanda" mosakayikira ndi omwe amakhala ndi kupezeka kwakukulu, zolemba zawo ndizokongola komanso zosangalatsa; ndi mayendedwe aulere ndi agile amakopa omvera ndi zikwapu zawo zachikopa; ndipo maski omwe amavala ndi "zenizeni zenizeni".
Wamng'ono kwambiri, atavala zovala zokongola, amachita zovina "Conquest" kapena "Peers khumi ndi awiri aku France"; zilembo zosayembekezereka kwambiri zimapezeka m'mabuku awa: Cortés, Cuauhtémoc, Moctezuma, ngakhale Charlemagne ndi magulu ankhondo aku Turkey.
Ma "Chilenas" ndi magule okongola omwe ali ndi mayendedwe okonda zachiwerewere, mosakayikira ofala kudera lino la Afro-Brazil.
Mwina lero sikofunikira kwenikweni kudziwa momwe chikhalidwe cha anthu aku Africa chilili, koma kuti mumvetsetse chikhalidwe cha Afro-Mestizo ndikufotokozera mbali zake monga mtundu wamoyo, womwe ngakhale alibe chilankhulo chawo ndi kavalidwe, ali ndi chilankhulo ndipo mophiphiritsa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yolumikizirana.
Ku Cuajinicuilapa anthu am'derali awonetsa mphamvu zawo zazikulu pokwera kuchokera nyengo zonse zomwe zimakhudza deralo chaka chilichonse.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite kudera lokongolali la Costa Chica de Guerrero, lomwe lili ndi magombe okongola komanso anthu ake okoma mtima komanso olimbikira ntchito omwe nthawi zonse amakhala ofunitsitsa kuthandiza ndikugawana nawo.
MUKAPITA KU CUAJINICUILAPA
Kuchokera ku Acapulco de Juárez, tengani mseu waukulu. 200 yomwe imapita ku Santiago Pinotepa Nacional. Mukadutsa matauni angapo: San Marcos, Cruz Grande, Copala, Marquelia, Juchitán ndi San Juan de los Llanos, ndipo mutayenda makilomita 207, mumsewu womwewo mukafika ku Africa yaying'ono ndi tawuni yomaliza m'chigawo chapafupi cha Guerrero ndi dziko la Oaxaca.
