Tikukuyenderani kudera la Soconusco, ku Chiapas, kuti mudziwe zambiri za zomera zomwe zimabisala m'nkhalango za m'derali.
Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Mexico, the Dera la Soconusco ku Chiapas ndi amodzi mwamayiko omwe aphatikizidwa posachedwa mdziko muno. M'zaka zisanu zoyambirira za 20th century, njanji idafika ku Tapachula, koma kunalibe njira yolumikizirana pamsewu mpaka 1960. Mwina ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe Soconusco idakali ndi machitidwe ake omwe mwamwayi akadali ena Malire a nkhalango.
M'zaka za m'ma 1950, kulima thonje, ndiponso ndi magulu ankhondo enieni a anthu ogwira ntchito amene anazula mitengo masauzande ambirimbiri m'zigwa, motero akuwonongedwa. Mahekitala mazana ambiri a nkhalango adasowa tsiku limodzi kupita tsiku lotsatira. Gawo lapamwamba la Soconusco imasungabe udzu wawo wobiriwira chifukwa chakuti mbewu yayikulu ndi khofi, yomwe imafuna mthunzi wa zitsamba zina kuti apange; Izi zakhudza pang'ono kuti mapiri asataye mtundu wakuda wabuluu womwe, womwe timauwona patali, umatulutsa masamba.
Nkhalango yayikuluyi, monga ina ku Veracruz, Tabasco, Guerrero ndi gawo lina la Oaxaca, ndi yapadera padziko lapansi ndipo tiyenera kuyisunga mulimonse. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pachaka ali nayo mvula yamphamvu; komabe, zaka ziwiri zapitazi zawona zosintha zina. Mvula yoyambilira ya 1987, yomwe m'zaka zina idayamba koyambirira kwa Meyi, idatero mpaka masiku oyamba a Juni ndipo, mosiyana ndi momwe anthu ambiri amayembekezera, madzi adakwera mozungulira Okutobala 15, ndikucheperako pang'ono pang'ono mwezi umodzi nyengo yamvula.
Kumbali yake, Seputembara 1988 idali yamvula yambiri, ngati ochepa m'mbuyomu; Mphepo zamkuntho Christy ndi Gilberto, zomwe idadzaza kuyenda kwa mitsinje yonse, mitsinje ndi maenje a Soconusckapena adabweretsa madzi ochulukirapo m'derali, koma ngakhale zili choncho, mvula ya '88 idatsanzikana kumapeto kwa Okutobala.
Ngakhale zili choncho, chinyezi chimakhalabe chachikulu m'derali, yomwe imalola mitundu yambiri yazomera kukula. Soconusco - pafupifupi 60 km kutalika ndi kupitirira 100 kutalika - ndi malo olimba pakati pa nyanja ndi mapiri komwe kutalika kwake kumafika ku Tacaná pa 4,150 m pamwamba pamadzi. Zambiri zimaphimbidwa ndi zazikulu minda ya khofi (imodzi mwabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi), popeza kutalika kwa dera lino - pakati pa 1,200 ndi 400 m pamwamba pa nyanja - ndibwino kwa shrub. Kutsikira kunyanja, kuli koko, mango, soya, nthochi, ndi zina zambiri. Nyanja ya Pacific imatsuka gombe la Soconusquense pomwe mzinda waukulu, Tapachula, wodziwika kuti "Ngale ya Soconusco".
Girón wamtchire komwe ndidatenga zithunzi ili pamtunda wa pafupifupi 400 m, kulowera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Tapachula. Tinasankha malire a Mtsinje wa Nexapa; kupitirira pansi, timalowa mkati mwa nkhalango yotentha kwambiri. Zithunzizo zikugwirizana ndi zomera zakutchire ndi maluwa zomwe zimakhudzidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi zamoyo m'derali, kumvera zikhumbo zake, zakhala zikuchitika mwadzidzidzi. Pofunafuna mitundu yapadera yomwe imadziwika ndi kukongola kwawo kapena utoto, timakumana koyamba ndi "palo jiote" (Bursera-simarula wa banja la burserácea), mtengo wofiira womwe makungwa ake amakhala ndi makanema ake nthawi zonse watsala pang'ono kuwinduka ndi mphepo. Ndi mtengo waukulu yomwe imakweza mapiko ake ofiira kumwamba, omwe amakhudza kwambiri malowa.
Kumeneko, mchigwacho, bijagua (Calathea-discolor) omwe maluwa ake owoneka bwino alibe chochita nsanje ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri. Zomera, pafupifupi mita imodzi, zimalumikizana ndi masamba ake akulu ngati kuti zapeza nthaka ndikulola olowa ena kulowa. Poyenda dzuwa likuwala kwambiri kudzera m'nkhalango, tinawona mpesa wodziwika bwino womwe umakhala ndi maluwa oyera achilendo. Timayesetsa kufikira chomera chomwe timasilira, ndipo popeza sitingathe kutsitsa, timakhazikika kuti tikwaniritse ndi kamera yathu. Ndi duwa lalikulu lopangidwa ndi zowonjezera zazitali zomwe zimatuluka pa tsinde ndikugwera pansi. Bowa wina m'munsi mwa zotsalira za mtengo womwe umakopa chidwi chathu; kumeneko, mtengo wina wachilendo, wotetezedwa ndi minga yosongoka ndi yowopseza, umativuta kuti tiyandikire. Ndi zodzikongoletsera (Acacia-hinsü), yomwe, mothandizidwa ndi nyerere zina zomwe zimangokhalamo, zimadziteteza.
Timatsika njira ndipo timapita kunkhalango yowirira kwambiri, pang'ono ndi pang'ono timatsika ndipo timawona kumanzere kwathu chitunda chamitengo pafupifupi 60 m chomwe chili ndi madzi a Mtsinje wa Nexapa.
Pali mitengo yamitundu yonse ndi liana kulikonse. Zomera zakuda zimakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani ngakhale dzuwa lili pachimake. Mwadzidzidzi, mnzanga amandiuza kuti ndisamale poyenda; nettle -omwe amadziwika pano kuti ndi chichicaste-, amataya masamba ake owopsa panjira ndipo tiyenera kusamala. Tikuyandikira pang'onopang'ono chomera choopsa kwambiri m'nkhalango iyi. Pulogalamu ya nettle (Gronoaia-scandens)Pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi cha Nexapa, ndi chomera chokongola komanso chokopa chomwe chimabisala m'masamba ake poyizoni yemwe amachititsa matuza opweteka kwambiri kuwonekera pakhungu. Popewa mankhwalawa, timapitilira njira yomweyi ndikulowa m'malo olamulidwa ndi caulote (Guazuma-ulmifolia) zomwe zimachuluka pamenepo, mpaka kufikira mtsinje wonse.
Nepaxa amathamanga kwambiri, ndikupanga thovu lamadzi ofooka komanso oyera kwambiri. Ndi kamtsinje koyera komwe kamadutsa, monga ena, imodzi mwazinthu zathu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zosasinthika: nkhalango yokongola yanyontho.
TAPALCÚA, NYANJA KAPENA NJOKA?
Ambiri mwa anthu omwe amamudziwa akuti ndi amene njoka yotchedwa tapalcúa, koma ndikuganiza kuti m'malo mwake ndi nyongolotsi, chakale, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, idzakhala nyongolotsi yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ilipo masiku ano.
Ndayesera kuti ndipeze mtundu woyenera wa sayansi koma mpaka pano sindinapeze chilichonse. Nthawi zina ndimaganiza kuti ndi oligochaete kapena opisthopore, koma nthawi zonse mkati mwa banja lotakata lazachaka. M'malo mwake, mawonekedwe ake ndi a nyongolotsi popeza pakamwa pake siyofanana ndi njoka komanso, monga wakale, imapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono ngakhale kuti nthawi ndi nthawi imayesera kuzichita chammbuyo; Komanso, ali ndi chizolowezi chinyezi.
Pafupifupi njoka zonse zimatha kukhala m'malo ouma; Kupatula mitundu yam'madzi, njoka zimakhala nthawi yayitali kutali ndi mitsinje ndi mabedi onyowa. The tapalcúa, m'malo mwake, zimapangitsa chinyezi malo ake kukhala abwino kupulumuka. Pakati pa kusintha kwawo kwa phylogenetic, tapalcúas adazolowera bwino kuzungulirazinyontho ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi Soconusco ku Chiapas.
Pulogalamu ya Malo a Soconusco, wodziwika ndi mvula yambiri ndipo, kuwonjezerapo, kuwoloka ndi mitsinje yambiri ndi mitsinje, ndiye sing'anga yoyenera. Mwinanso mayiko ena a Republic, monga Veracruz, Gruerrero ndi gawo la Oaxaca ndi zigawo zomwe, chifukwa chinyezi chawo, zimakhala ndi tapalcúas, koma momwe ndikudziwira zilipo ku Chiapas Soconusco.
M'miyezi yamvula, liti Mphepo zamkuntho zimayamba, ndipo kumagwa masiku awiri kapena atatu motsatizana, tapalcúa imalimbikitsidwa kuwonekera, motero si zachilendo kuwawona akukwawa pang'onopang'ono, makamaka kumidzi, ndikuchita mantha akawasocheretsa ngati njoka.
Ngakhale ali mwina azimayi, pali zokayikira zambiri pa tapalcúa, koma sindingadzifunse kuti amathawira kuti m'miyezi youma yomwe imayamba kuyambira Novembara mpaka Epulo? Mwina amayang'ana mabedi achinyezi kwambiri pasadakhale ndipo amathira mpaka atapeza chinyezi chokwanira kuti adutse nthawi yozizira. Ngati wina akufuna kuthana ndi tapalcúa m'miyezi youma, chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikupita kufupi ndi mtsinje kapena mtsinje ndikukumba pansi. Mukamakumba mumapeza chinyezi komanso dothi lamatope; Mwadzidzidzi, tapalcúa yayikulu yakuda imatha kuyenda mozungulira. Idyetsadi miyezi imeneyi ndi mbozi zazing'ono zomwe, pazifukwa zawo, zimabisala chinyezi cha mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Ndi ma tapalcúas angati omwe angafe poyenda kuchokera pamabedi pomwe amafika nthawi yamvula ndi malo omwe amapezeka nthawi yadzuwa, m'mbali mwa mitsinje kapena mitsinje?
NDIPO DZINA LANU LENIWENI?
Kudera la Soconusco amadziwika kuti tapalcúa, tlapalcúa ndi tepolcúa, koma dzina lake lenileni ndi liti? Ndimagwirizana ndi lingaliro loti mawu akuti tapalcúa amapangidwa kuchokera kumawu azteclachi kutanthauza nthaka, ndi decóatlculebra kapena njoka. Chifukwa chake, liwu loyambirira likadakhala zochita Zingakhale zofanana ndi njoka yapansi kapena njoka yapansi. Monga nyongolotsi yeniyeni, tapalcúa imabowolera pansi ndikusowa kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono pamasekondi. Nthawi ina, tidatenga choyimira ndikuyika mumtsuko, patatha mphindi zochepa idayamba kutulutsa madzi sopo omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe kake padziko lapansi, bola ngati anyowa.
Kwenikweni, tapalcúa ili ndi mikhalidwe yambiri ya njoka, makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwake, chifukwa mitundu yotukuka kwambiri imatha kutalika kwa theka la mita mpaka 4 cm m'mimba mwake. Komabe, si njoka, koma a nyongolotsi yayikulu Izi zitha kutchedwa mfumukazi komanso woyang'anira nyongolotsi.
ZOKHUDZA ZA TAPALCÚA
Amanena m'derali kuti tapalcúa imatha kulowa m'matumbo kudzera m'matumbo, pomwe nyama imatulukira pamwamba. Amanenanso kuti njira yokhayo yoponyera tapalcúa ndiyo kuyikhazika mwachangu mu chidebe ndi mkaka; nyama, pozindikira kupezeka kwa mkaka, imachoka nthawi yomweyo. Koma kumapeto kwa tsikulo tapalcúa ndi chaka chosavulaza, ndipo ngakhale zimabweretsa mantha kwa omwe wakumana nawo, sangathe kuchita zoyipa zochepa kwa munthu.
