Pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhadze zomwe sizikupezeka ku Mexico; ena atsala pang'ono kutha.
Monga m'mabanja osiyanasiyana azomera ku Mexico, cacti imazimiririka asayansi asanawaphunzire ndikupeza mawonekedwe awo angapo; zamoyo zambiri zatha popanda ife kudziwa kuti ndi chuma chiti chomwe chatayika ndi kutha kwawo. Pankhani ya cacti, izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa akuganiza kuti kuthekera kwawo kwachuma, komwe sikunaphunzire pang'ono, ndi kwakukulu.
Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yambiri imadziwika kuti ndi yolemera ndi ma alkaloid. Peyote ili ndi ma alkaloid osachepera 53 - mescaline ndi imodzi mwamitunduyi. Izi ndi zotsatira zakufufuza kwaposachedwa kwa Dr. Raquel Mata ndi Dr. MacLaughling, omwe adaphunzira za zomera pafupifupi 150 za banjali. Mphamvu zamankhwala zamtunduwu zikuwonekeratu.
NOPAL, mdani wa matenda ashuga
Mankhwala athu amagwiritsira ntchito cacti pafupipafupi. Mwachitsanzo: kwazaka zambiri, ochiritsa amatenga mwayi wamankhwala osokoneza bongo a nopal pochiza matenda ashuga; Komabe, kanthawi kochepa kwambiri kapitako, chifukwa cha kupirira kwa ofufuza a Imss Unit for Development of New Medicines and Traditional Medicine, malowa a cactus adavomerezedwa mwasayansi. Kuyambira pamenepo, Social Security ili ndi mankhwala atsopano, osavulaza, otsika mtengo komanso othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda ashuga: madzi a nophal lyophilized, ufa wosungunuka. Chitsanzo china: amakhulupirira kuti ziwalo zina m'zipululu zathu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi khansa; Zachidziwikire, mtundu uwu wa cactus umakhala ndi maantibayotiki ambiri ndi ma triterpenes.
Zoyambitsa za RADIOACTIVE?
M'magawo ena, a Dr. Leia Scheinvar, ochokera ku UNAM's Cactology Laboratory, akuwunika momwe zingagwiritsidwire ntchito kwa cacti ngati zopangira zitsulo m'nthaka. Mwanjira ina, kuwunika kwa mawonekedwe ndi mitundu ya cacti kumatha kudziwa komwe kuli zitsulo. Chiyambi cha kafukufukuyu ndichopatsabe chidwi. Dr. Scheinvar adawona necrosis ndikusintha kwamitundu yapadera ku cacti zambiri ku Zona del Silencio ndi San Luis Potosí, malo omwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi uranium yolemera. Kukambirana kwina ndi ofufuza ochokera ku Germany Democratic Republic, makamaka okonda kuphunzira za bioindicator, adamuyika pamalowo.
Chidwi chazachuma cha nopal chikuwonekera: sichimangogwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya cha anthu (buku la Chinsinsi limaphatikizira maphikidwe osachepera 70) komanso chifukwa chakudyetsa chimayamikiridwa kwambiri; Takambirana kale za ntchito zake zina monga mankhwala; Ndi maziko a shampu, mafuta odzola ndi zodzoladzola zina; ndiye chomera chomata chofiirira, tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa utoto womwe posachedwa ungadziwike ...
Chuma chonsechi, makamaka chosadziwika, chikutayika. Zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ngati tiona kuti Mexico ndiye likulu lalikulu kwambiri losiyanitsira mitundu ya cacti padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu yake yambiri imangopezeka pano, popeza pafupifupi mitundu 1 000 yosiyanasiyana imakhala pano (akuti banja lonse limakhala ndi 2 000 kudera lonse la America).
"Alendo", OIPA KUPOSA MBUZI
Dr.Leia Scheinvar akuwonetsa zifukwa zitatu zazikulu zakufa kwa cacti: msipu, makamaka mbuzi, zomwe, malinga ndi iye, "zikuyenera kuwonongedwa ku Mexico; nyama zina zimathandizanso kufalitsa kwa cacti: amachotsa minga, amadya pang'ono ndikusiya mbewu yonseyo isadafike. Mphukira yatsopano imatuluka pachilondacho. Achijapani amagwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira kufalitsa kwa globose cacti: amagawa gawo lakumtunda ndikulilumikiza, pomwe gawo lakumunsi limachulukanso. Mbuzi, mbali inayi, idyani chomeracho kuchokera kumizu ”.
Chifukwa china chofunikira ndi njira zaulimi, makamaka kudula ndi kuwotcha malo osagona. Pofuna kuchepetsa zovuta zakuwononga ziwirizi, a Dr. Scheinvar adapanga ntchitoyi kuti ipange nkhalango zachilengedwe. Akupempha kuti malo apatsidwe malo osungira cacti m'malo abwino komanso kuti nthawi yomweyo "achite kampeni pakati pa anthu wamba kuti asadayambe kuchotsa minda yawo awadziwitse oyang'anira nkhokwezo kuti apite kukatenga zitsanzozo. kuopsezedwa ”.
Mlandu wachitatu womwe watchulidwa ndi Dr. Scheinvar ndiwosalakwa motero ndichowchititsa manyazi kwambiri: kufunkha.
"Ophwanya Cactus ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda." Zowononga kwambiri ndi "magulu ena a alendo omwe amabwera kuchokera ku Switzerland, Germany, Japan, California. , ndi cholinga chodziwika bwino: kusonkhanitsa cacti. Maguluwa amatsogoleredwa ndi anthu omwe amabweretsa mndandanda wa malo osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yomwe adzapeze mmenemo. Gulu la alendo amabwera pamalowa ndikutenga zikwizikwi za cacti; imachoka ndi kufika pamalo ena, kumene imabwereza kugwira kwake ndi zina zotero. Ndizomvetsa chisoni ".
Manuel Rivas, wosonkhanitsa nkhadze, akutiuza kuti “posachedwapa anagwira gulu la akatswiri a nkhadze ku Japan omwe anali atabwera kale ndi mapu a madera osangalatsa kwambiri a nkhadze. Iwo anali atasonkhanitsa kale anthu ambiri okoma m'malo osiyanasiyana mdziko lonselo. Anamangidwa ndipo mbewu zomwe analandazo zinagawidwa m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana aku Mexico ". Maulendowa adakonzedwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana a "cactus friends" omwe amapezeka ku Europe.
CHIKHALIDWE CHACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI, “ODZALA MTUNDU WATHU”
Ophwanya ena ndi amalonda amalonda: amapita kumalo omwe cacti yokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wamalonda amakula ndikuwononga anthu onse. "Nthawi ina," akutero Dr. Scheinvar, "tidapeza pafupi ndi Tolimán, ku Querétaro, chomera cha mtundu wosowa kwambiri womwe amakhulupirira kuti sukhalanso mdziko muno. Ndife okondwa ndi zomwe tapeza, tidakambirana ndi anthu ena. Patapita nthawi, wophunzira wanga wina yemwe amakhala mchigawochi adandiuza kuti tsiku lina galimoto idabwera ndikutenga mbewu zonse. Ndinapanga ulendo wapadera kuti nditsimikizire zowona ndipo zinali zowona: sitinapeze mtundu uliwonse ”.
Chokhacho chomwe chimasunga mitundu yambiri ya cactus ndikudzipatula komwe kuli madera akuluakulu mdzikolo. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti izi zikuchitikanso, makamaka, chifukwa chosachita chidwi ndi cacti. Mitundu ina ya ku Mexico imawononga ndalama zoposa $ 100 kunja; floriculturists amalipira $ 10 pamtanda wa mbewu 10 zaku cactus. Koma apa, mwina chifukwa choti tazolowera kuwawona, timakonda, monga a Mr. Rivas ananenera, "violet yaku Africa, chifukwa ndi yaku Africa, kukulitsa nkhadze".
Kusakondweretsaku kukuwonekera poyera m'mawu a alendo omwe adapita kukasonkhanitsa a Mr. Rivas: "Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe amabwera kudzandiona amadabwa ndi kuchuluka kwa cacti omwe amawona pano ndipo amandifunsa chifukwa chomwe ndimasungira ma nopales ambiri. "Sindi nopales," ndinayankha, "ndi mbewu zamitundu yambiri. "Ayi ayi," amandiuza, "kwa ine onse ndi nopales."
MANUEL RIVAS, CACTUS WOTetezera
A Manuel Rivas ali ndi cacti zoposa 4,000 padenga la nyumba yawo. m'dera la San Ángel Inn. Mbiri yakusonkhanitsa kwanu. Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri mdzikolo ndichachikondi chomwe chakhala pafupifupi zaka 20. Zomwe amatolera ndizodabwitsa osati kuchuluka kokha - zimaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, magawo awiri mwa atatu amtundu wa mtundu wa Mammillaria, womwe umakhala, pafupifupi 300 - komanso dongosolo labwino lomwe dziko lililonse limapezeka, mpaka kachitsanzo kakang'ono kwambiri. Osonkhanitsa ena ndi akatswiri amamupatsa chisamaliro cha zitsanzo zawo. Ku UNAM Botanical Garden, a Rivas amakhala masiku awiri kapena atatu sabata iliyonse kusamalira nyumba yamithunzi ya Cactology Laboratory.
Iye mwiniwake akutiuza nkhani ya zomwe adatolera: "Ku Spain ndidali ndi cacti ngati mbewu zosowa kwambiri. Kenako ndinafika ku Mexico ndipo ndinawapeza ali ambiri. Ndinagula ochepa. Nditapuma pantchito ndidachulukitsa zosonkhanitsa ndipo ndidamangira wowonjezera kutentha: Ndidayikapo mbewu zambiri ndikudzipereka kubzala. Choyimira choyambirira m'gulu langa chinali Opuntia sp., Yemwe adabadwira mwangozi m'munda mwanga. Ndikadali nachobe, koposa pazifukwa zomangika kuposa china chilichonse. Pafupifupi 40 peresenti yasonkhanitsidwa ndi ine; Ndagula zotsalazo kapena ena osonkhetsa andipatsa.
"Chimene chimandikopa ine ku cacti ndi mawonekedwe awo, momwe amakulira. Ndimasangalala kupita kumunda kukawafunafuna ndikupeza ena omwe ndilibe. Izi ndizomwe zimachitika ndi wokhometsa aliyense: amangoyang'ana zina zambiri, ngakhale zilibe malo. Ndabweretsa cacti kuchokera ku Querétaro, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca ... Ndikosavuta kunena komwe sanachokere; Sindinapite ku Tamaulipas, kapena Sonora, kapena ku Baja California. Ndikuganiza kuti ndiwo okhawo mayiko omwe sindinayendere.
"Ndayang'ana mbewu ku Haiti, komwe ndidangopeza mtundu umodzi wokha, Mammillaria prolifera, ndi ku Peru, komwe ndidabweretsanso mtundu wa Lobivia kuchokera kugombe la Nyanja ya Titicaca. Ndili ndi akatswiri ku Mammillarias, chifukwa ndiwo mtundu wambiri ku Mexico. Ndimatenganso kuchokera kumitundu ina, monga Coryphanta, Ferocactus, Echinocactus; pafupifupi chilichonse kupatula Opuntia. Ndikuyembekeza kusonkhanitsa mitundu 300 ya Mammillaria, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi mtundu wonsewo (omwe akuchokera ku Baja California adzasiyidwa, chifukwa chifukwa cha kutalika kwa Mexico City ndizovuta kulima).
“Ndimakonda kusonkhanitsa mbewu, chifukwa ndikukhulupirira kuti mbewu zomwe ndimabzala mu nyumba yanga yobiriwira zimakhala zolimba kuposa zomwe zakula kale m'munda. Chomera chikakulirakulira, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti chikhazikike kwina. Nthawi zambiri ndimasonkhanitsa mbewu; nthawi zina chipinda chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Ndimakonda kupita kumunda kuti ndikasangalale nawo, chifukwa ndimangotolera ngati ndilibe mtundu uliwonse, chifukwa ndilibe malo oti ndiyike. Ndimasunga chomera chimodzi kapena ziwiri zamtundu uliwonse ”.
Kutolera botanical yayikulu monga Mr. Rivas kumafunikira chisamaliro chachikulu: chomera chilichonse chiyenera kulandira, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwamadzi; ena amachokera kumadera ouma kwambiri, ena kumadera achinyezi kwambiri. Kuti awathirize, wokhometsa amatenga tsiku lathunthu sabata, nthawi yofananira ndi manyowa, ngakhale samachitika pafupipafupi, kawiri kokha pachaka. Kukonza malowa ndi gawo lonse lomwe limayamba ndikufufuza malo mdera lamapiri la Popocatépetl komanso mu Damu la Iturbide, makilomita 60 kuchokera ku Mexico City. Zina zonse, kuphatikizapo kubereka, zimakhudza kale luso la wokhometsa.
NJIRA ZIWIRI ZOKHUDZA KWAMBIRI
Zina mwazomera zomwe zawonedwa lero ndi Solicia pectinata ndi Turinicarpas lophophoroides, koma tiyeni tiwone milandu iwiri yomwe izi zidasinthidwa. LaMammillaria sanangelensisera wochuluka kwambiri m'minda yotentha ya kum'mwera kwa Mexico City, chifukwa chake imadziwika. Tsoka ilo, chomerachi chimapanga korona wokongola kwambiri wamaluwa m'mwezi wa Disembala (omwe kale anali a Mammillaria elegans). Ogwira ntchito pafakitole yamapepala ndi alendo ena m'derali adazisonkhanitsa kuti azikongoletsa zochitika zawo za Khrisimasi. Maholide atangotha, chomeracho chidaponyedwa kutali. Ichi chinali chimodzi mwazomwe zidamupangitsa kuti asowa. Enawo anali a Pedregal okwelera m'mizinda; Mammillaria sanangelensis adathetsedwa; Komabe, a Dr. Rublo, ochokera ku Unam Cactology Laboratory, adadzipereka kuti apange chomera ichi kudzera mu chidwi cha chikhalidwe cha minofu, momwe maselo ochepa amapangira munthu watsopano, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi awo kuchokera ku mtundu womwe maselo amachotsedwa. Pakadali pano pali 1,200 Mammillaria sanangelensis, yomwe iphatikizidwenso m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Mammillaria herrera anali atafunidwa kale chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, kotero kuti amamuwona kuti ali pachiwopsezo chomaliza, popeza sichinapezeke kuyambira pomwe amafotokozedwayo. Zimadziwika chifukwa zitsanzo zina zidasungidwa m'malo obiriwira a ku Europe - ndipo mwina m'magulu angapo aku Mexico - koma malo awo sanali kudziwika. Dr. Meyrán, katswiri wa cacti yemwe ali pangozi komanso mkonzi wa Revista Mexicana de Cactología, wakhala akuyifuna kwa zaka zoposa zisanu. Gulu la ophunzira a UNAM adapeza izi mchaka cha 1986. "Anthu am'deralo adatiuza za chomera; amatcha "mpira wothira." Timazizindikira pazithunzi. Ena anapempha kuti atiperekeze kumene ndinakulira. Pambuyo masiku awiri akufufuza tatsala pang'ono kusiya pomwe mwana adatitsogolera kumalo oyenera. Tinayenda kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi. Tisanadutse pafupi kwambiri ndi malowo, koma mbali ina ya phirili ”. Zitsanzo zingapo za chomera chodzionetsachi zili pansi pa chisamaliro cha University of Cactology Laboratory ndipo akuyembekezeka kukhazikitsidwanso posachedwa.
Gwero: Unknown Mexico No. 130 / Disembala 1987
