Kwa okhalamo akale, ma buluu anali ndi machiritso chifukwa amayimira mzimu wa okalamba.
Ngati titha kuyika mitundu yonse ya abuluzi ku Mexico, yomwe ili mazana angapo, patsogolo pathu, zikanakhala zosavuta kusiyanitsa mitundu 13 ya bandezi ndi yonseyo. Makhalidwe amtundu wa Phrynosoma, omwe amatanthauza "thupi lachisoni", ndi mitundu yambiri yamtsempha mwa mawonekedwe anyanga kumbuyo kwa mutu - ngati mtundu wa korona -, kanyama kokhala ndi thupi lathyathyathya, mchira wawufupi ndipo nthawi zina masikelo ataliatali pamtundu wotsatira wa thupi. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti mtunduwu umawoneka ngati dinosaur kakang'ono.
Ngakhale abuluziwa amatha kuthamanga, samasuntha monga momwe angaganizire ndipo ndi osavuta kugwira ndi dzanja. Zomwe tili nazo kale, nyamazi ndizodekha ndipo sizimenya nkhondo mwakhama kuti zidzimasule, komanso siziluma, zimangokhala chete m'manja. M'dzikolo, zitsanzozi amadziwika kuti "chameleons" ndipo amakhala kumwera kwa Chiapas kumalire ndi United States of North America. Mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yamtunduwu imagawidwa ku USA ndipo imodzi imakafika kumpoto kwa dzikolo komanso kumwera kwa Canada. Nthawi yonseyi nyama izi zimakhala m'malo ouma, m'chipululu, m'chipululu komanso m'malo ouma amapiri.
Mayina wamba amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, ngakhale kusokoneza nyama ina; Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi mawu akuti "chameleon", popeza amapezeka ku Africa, kumwera kwa Europe ndi Middle East. Apa kugwiritsa ntchito "chameleon" kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu la abuluzi am'banja Chamaeleontidae, omwe amatha kusintha utoto wawo mosavuta m'masekondi ochepa. Kumbali ina, "chameleons" aku Mexico samasintha mtundu uliwonse modabwitsa. Chitsanzo china ndi dzina lofala lomwe amalandira kudziko loyandikana nalo kumpoto: zisonga zonyentchera, kapena "zisoti zaminyanga", koma si chule koma chokwawa. Ma chameleon amapatsidwa banja la abuluzi lotchedwa Phrynosomatidae, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu ina yomwe imakhala m'malo omwewo.
Monga momwe ambiri aife timadziwira, abuluzi amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Mabwanawa amakhala ndi chakudya chapadera, chifukwa amadya nyerere, ngakhale nyama zomwe zimaluma ndi kuluma; amadya mazana a iwo nthawi imodzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala, osasunthika pakona kapena panjira yotsegulira chiswe; amagwira nyerere pofalitsa msanga malirime awo omata. Izi ndizodziwika pakati pa chameleons aku America ndi Old World. Mitundu ina imadyanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ngakhale kuti nyerere zimayimira chakudya m'chipululu. Pali chiopsezo china pakudya kwake, popeza pali mitundu ya nematode yomwe imawononga abuluzi, amakhala m'mimba mwawo ndipo imatha kuchoka pa buluzi wina kupita kumzake mwa kumeza nyerere, zomwe zimalandiranso. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala abuluzi tiziromboti tambirimbiri tomwe siwabwino kwa munthu kapena nyama ina iliyonse.
Kumbali ina ya dziko lapansi kuli buluzi yemwe amadya nyerere, zofanana kwambiri ndi bilimankhwe. Ndi "chiwanda chanyanga" yaku Australia, chomwe chimafalitsidwa ku kontrakitala yonse; Monga mitundu yaku North America, imaphimbidwa ndi masikelo, osinthidwa ngati mitsempha, ndiyosachedwa ndipo imakhala ndi mtundu wobisika kwambiri, koma siyokhudzana kwathunthu, koma kufanana kwake ndi zotsatira za kusinthika kosinthika. Chiwanda cha nyanga cha ku Australia cha mtundu wa Moloch ndi chameleon waku America chimagawana chinthu chimodzi chofanana: onsewa amagwiritsa ntchito khungu lawo kuti atenge madzi amvula. Tiyerekeze kuti ndife buluzi amene wakhala akusowa madzi kwa miyezi. Ndiye tsiku lina mvula yambiri imagwa, koma posowa zida zotolera madzi amvula, tidzakakamizidwa kuwona madontho amadzi akugwera pamchenga, osatha kunyowetsa milomo yathu. Ma chameleon athetsa vutoli: kumayambiriro kwa mvula amatambasula matupi awo kuti agwire madontho amadzi, popeza khungu lawo limakutidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambira kumapeto kwa masikelo onse. Mphamvu yakuthupi ya capillary imasunga madzi ndikuyiyendetsa m'mphepete mwa nsagwada, kuchokera komwe idayamwa.
Chikhalidwe cha zipululu chalimbikitsa zamoyo zambiri zosintha zomwe zimatsimikizira kupulumuka kwa mitunduyi, makamaka ku Mexico, komwe zoposa 45% za madera ake zimapereka izi.
Kwa buluzi wocheperako, nyama zomwe zimadya, zomwe zimakwawa, kapena zomwe zikungofuna chakudya chotsatira, zitha kupha. Mosakayikira chitetezo chabwino chomwe bwanamkubwa ali nacho ndi mtundu wake wodabwitsa komanso mawonekedwe ake, omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi malingaliro osasunthika bwino akawopsezedwa. Tikadutsa mapiri sitikuwawona mpaka atasuntha. Amathamangira m'nkhalango ina ndikukhazikitsa zinsinsi zawo, pambuyo pake timayeneranso kuziwona, zomwe zingakhale zovuta kudabwitsa.
Komabe, olusa amawapeza ndipo nthawi zina amatha kuwapha ndikuwatha. Chochitikachi chimadalira luso la alenjewo komanso kukula ndi kulimba kwa bilimankhwe. Nyama zina zodziwika ndi izi: nkhwangwa, akhwangwala, opha anzawo, oyendetsa misewu, ana, njoka zam'madzi, screechers, mbewa za ziwala, nkhandwe, ndi nkhandwe. Njoka yomwe imameza bilimankhwe imakhala pa chiopsezo chofa, chifukwa ikakhala yayikulu kwambiri, imatha kuboola kukhosi ndi nyanga zake. Njoka zokhazokha zanjala zomwe zimaika pachiwopsezo ichi. Ochita masewerawa amatha kumeza nyama zonse, ngakhale atha kuwonongedwa. Pofuna kudziteteza ku nyama yomwe ingagwire nyama, abuluzi amafewetsa nsana wawo pansi, kunyamula mbali imodzi pang'ono, ndipo potero amapanga chikopa chonyezimira, chomwe chitha kupita mbali yomwe chilombocho chikuukira. Izi sizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse, koma ngati zitha kutsimikizira kuti nyamayo ndi yayikulu kwambiri komanso yothinana kwambiri kuti ingamwe, chameleon amatha kupulumuka kukumana uku.
Zinyama zina zimafunikira chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri. Ngati mphalapala kapena nkhandwe, kapena nyama yofanana kwambiri, ikatha kugwira chameleon, imatha kusewera nayo kwa mphindi zochepa nsagwada zake zitaigwira pamutu, kuti zimenyetseke komaliza. Nthawi imeneyo chilombocho chitha kudabwa kwambiri chomwe chingamupangitse kuti ayime ndikusiya buluzi pakamwa pake. Izi ndichifukwa chakumva konyansa kwa bilimankhwe. Kukoma kosasangalatsa kumeneku sikumapangidwa ndikuluma mnofu wanu, koma ndi magazi omwe adawomberedwa ndi timbudzi tomwe tili m'mbali mwa zikope. Magazi a buluzi amaponyedwa mwamphamvu kukamwa kwake. Ngakhale buluziyo wawononga chuma chamtengo wapatali, adapulumutsa moyo wake. Tinthu tina timene timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timachititsa magazi ake kukhala osasangalatsa kwa adani ake. Awa, nawonso, aphunzira kuchokera pazomwe zachitikirazi ndipo sadzasakanso bandi wina.
Ma chameleon nthawi zina amatha kutulutsa magazi m'maso mwawo atakwezedwa, ndipamene tidakumana ndi izi. Nzika zisanachitike ku Spain zidadziwa bwino za njira yopulumukirayi, ndipo pali nthano za "bilimankhwe omwe amalira magazi". Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza zifanizo za ceramic izi kuchokera pagombe lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Colima mpaka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chipululu cha Chihuahuan. Anthu okhala m'zigawozi anali ndi chidwi nthawi zonse ndi akalulu.
M'nthano zonse abuluzi omwe akukambidwa akhala mbali yazikhalidwe komanso zachilengedwe ku Mexico ndi United States. M'madera ena amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi mphamvu zochiritsira, kuti amaimira mzimu wa akulu kapena kuti atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa kapena kuthetseratu zoipa zina. Tikhozanso kunena kuti Amwenye Achimereka ena ankadziwa kuti mitundu ina samaikira mazira. Mitundu iyi ya "viviparous" chameleons imadziwika kuti ndi yothandiza pobereka.
Monga mbali yofunika kwambiri ya zamoyo zam'madzi, ma chameleon ali pamavuto m'malo ambiri. Ataya malo okhala chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu komanso kuchuluka kwawo. Nthawi zina zomwe zimasowetsa anthu sizimveka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mphaka wokhala ndi nyanga kapena Texas chameleon watha pafupifupi m'malo ambiri ku Texas, osatinso zigawo za Coahuila, Nuevo León ndi Tamaulipas, mwina chifukwa chobweretsa mwangozi nyerere yachilendo ndi munthu. Nyerere zankhanza izi, zokhala ndi dzina lofala "nyerere yamoto wofiira" komanso dzina la sayansi la Solenopsis invicta, zafalikira kudera lino kwazaka zambiri. Zoyambitsa zina zomwe zachepetsanso khwangwala ndizosonkhanitsa kosaloledwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Ma chameleon ndi ziweto zokoma chifukwa cha chakudya komanso kuwunika kwa dzuwa, ndipo samakhala kwakanthawi ali mu ukapolo; Kumbali inayi, mavuto azaumoyo a anthu mosakayikira amathandizidwa bwino ndi mankhwala amakono kuposa kuyanika kapena kusowa njala zokwawa izi. Ku Mexico, kudzipereka kwakukulu pakuphunzira mbiri yakale ya abuluzi amafunika kudziwa kufalikira kwawo ndi kuchuluka kwa zamoyo, kotero kuti mitundu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo kapena yomwe ili pachiwopsezo imadziwika. Kuwonongeka kosatha kwa malo awo ndi chopinga kuti apulumuke. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa Phrynosoma ditmarsi umangodziwika m'malo atatu ku Sonora, ndipo Phrynosoma cerroense imangopezeka pachilumba cha Cedros, ku Baja California Sur. Ena atha kukhala mumkhalidwe wofanana kapena wowopsa, koma sitidzadziwa.
Kudera komwe kuli komweko kumatha kukhala kothandiza kwambiri kuzindikira mitundu ya zamoyo ku Mexico.
Mwa mitundu khumi ndi itatu ya ma buluzi yomwe ilipo ku Mexico, isanu imapezeka ku P. asio, P. braconnieri, P. cerroense, P. ditmarsi ndi P. taurus.
Ife a Mexico sitiyenera kuiwala kuti zinthu zachilengedwe, makamaka zinyama, zinali ndi phindu lalikulu kwa makolo athu, popeza mitundu yambiri idawonedwa ngati zifaniziro zopembedza ndi kupembedza, tiyeni tikumbukire Quetzalcóatl, njoka yamphongo. Makamaka, anthu monga Anasazi, Mogollones, Hohokam ndi Chalchihuites, adasiya zojambula ndi zaluso zambiri zomwe zimaimira chameleon.
Gwero: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 271 / September 1999
