Anthu aku Mesoamerica mwachizolowezi amatenga milungu yawo kupita nayo kunkhondo. Koma, atagonjetsedwa, mafano awo olemera komanso owopsa anali m'manja mwa adani, ndiye adaganiza kuti mkwiyo wa Mulungu ugwera ogonjetsedwawo.
A Purépecha adapeza yankho labwino kwambiri kunyamula milungu yawo. Kwa anthu awa, amuna sanali olanda maderawo, koma milungu yomwe idamenya nkhondozo ndikuwonjezera ufumu wawo.
Ntchito yamtengo wapataliyi ya mulungu wankhondo Curicaueri inali, chifukwa chake ndi yomwe idawalimbikitsa kuti apeze chinthu chopepuka kotero kuti chosema cha munthu chikhoza kulemera makilogalamu asanu ndi limodzi okha: "Mwaulemu ojambulawo, chifukwa anali opepuka milungu yawo pankhaniyi, kuti milungu yawo isakhale yolemera komanso yonyamulika ”.
Zomwe zimadziwika kuti "pasitala wochokera ku Michoacán" kapena "phala la chimanga", kuwonjezera pakupepuka kwake, zidalola a Tarascans kuti azijambula molunjika ziboliboli zawo. Komabe, nkhani zakapangidwe ka phala, komanso njira yopangira zithunzizi, ndizosowa komanso zosokoneza. Olemba mbiri oyamba a m'chigawochi sanadziwe konse milungu yankhondo imeneyi; Fradiscan Fray Martín de la Coruña adawotcha mu 1525, atangofika ku Tzintzuntzan. Wolemba mbiri wina dzina lake Fray Francisco Mariano de Torres ananena kuti: “Poyamba, Amwenye anali kubweretsa asilikali a mafano amene amawalemekeza chifukwa sanali ofanana, mafuta (monga amene amapangidwa ndi nzimbe) anawotchedwa poyera, ndipo aja a miyala, golidi ndi siliva, anaponyedwa pamaso pa Amwenye eniwo, mkati mwa nyanja ya Zintzuntzan ”(tsopano yotchedwa Nyanja Pátzcuaro).
Pachifukwa ichi, olemba mbiri a m'zaka za zana la XVI ndi XVII amangokhoza kuchitira umboni zakusowa kwa zinthuzo ndi mawonekedwe ake, m'malo mwa maluso omwewo, omwe tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito pazosema zachikhristu. Malinga ndi a La Rea: "Amatenga ndodo ndikuchotsa mtima ndikupera kukhala phala lopangidwa ndi phala lomwe amalitcha kuti tantatzingueni, ndipamwamba kwambiri amapanga luso la Cristos de Michoacán nalo."
Tikudziwa, chifukwa cha Dr. Bonafit, kuti tatzingueniera imachokera ku mtundu wa orchid womwe umakololedwa m'nyanja ya Pátzcuaro m'miyezi ya Meyi ndi Juni, malinga ndi kalendala ya Purepecha.
Mpata wina wofunikira ndi umbuli wazikhalidwe zosawonongeka. Pakadali pano, ku Mexico konse komanso m'mizinda ina yaku Spain, pali zithunzi zambiri, zopangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVI ndi XVI. "Zosatha" za mafano opangidwa ndi phala la chimanga sichifukwa chokha cha stucco kapena varnish. Zikuoneka kuti opanga "cañita" agwiritsa ntchito ziphe zina zotengedwa m'mitengo monga maluwa a Rus toxicumo laiqacua, pofuna kuteteza ziboliboli zawo ku njenjete ndi tiziromboti tina.
Chifukwa cha kuwona kwazithunzi zina zofunikira, monga Namwali wa Zaumoyo, Bonafit adatha kuwonetsa kuti chimango chimapangidwa ndi mankhusu a chimanga, nthawi zambiri, malinga ndi kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake, ophatikizidwa ndi zogwirizira zazing'ono zamatabwa: " Choyamba adapanga gawo lamasamba a chimanga chouma, ndikupatsa mawonekedwe a mafupa amunthu. Kuti achite izi, adamangiriza masambawo, wina ndi mnzake, pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe za pita, ndipo m'magawo abwino, monga zala zakumapazi, adayika nthenga za Turkey ".
Pamiyesoyo amapaka phala lopangidwa ndi phesi la chimanga ndi mababu a deltat level. Phalalo, poyambirira lokhala ndi siponji komanso yamiyala, limayenera kukhala ndi pulasitiki wolimba komanso wofanana ndi dongo loumba. Pofuna kuteteza ndikulimbitsa ziwalo zosalimba, adayika nsalu za thonje pamtengo asanayambe kugawa. Pambuyo pake adaphimba chimango ndi pepala losakira, ndikuthira phala pamwamba.
Atatha kusanja, ndipo phala louma, adapaka phala lopangidwa ndi dongo labwino kwambiri, titlacalli, ngati stuko, yomwe imalola kusintha ndikusinthanso fanolo. Pamalo opindikawo ankapaka utoto, pakhungu ndi tsitsi, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapadziko lapansi. Pomaliza panadza kupukutira potengera kuyanika mafuta, monga mtedza.
Amisiri a Purépecha, kuwonjezera pakupanga njirayi, "adapatsa thupi la Khristu, Ambuye Wathu, chiwonetsero chowoneka bwino kwambiri chomwe anthu amawona", ndipo amishonalewo adapeza ntchito yoyenera; kuyambira pano, "milungu yopepuka kwambiri padziko lapansi" ikanakhala zithunzi zolalikira zakugonjetsedwa kwauzimu ku Mexico.
Nzimbe zongoganizira, potumikira Chikhristu, zikuyimira chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira zaluso pakati pazakale ndi zatsopano, komanso chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira zokongoletsa zaluso la mestizo. Zida zake komanso zojambulajambula ndizoperekedwa ndi makolo, njira zamunthu, mitundu, nkhope ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi, ndi ochokera ku Europe.
Vasco de Quiroga, wokhudzidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha Purépecha, adalimbikitsa luso ili ku New Spain. Atafika ku Tzintzuntzan, a Quiroga omwe anali ndi chilolezo adadabwitsidwa ndi zomwe nzika zawo zidachita, popemphedwa ndi ma friars aku Franciscan, ma Christs athunthu. Kuphatikiza pakupepuka kwake, adadabwitsidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa zinthuzo kuti zikhale zabwino. Chifukwa chake dzina lodziwika kuti "kukongola kwa Michoacán", lomwe limatanthawuza ziboliboli zopangidwa ndi phala la chimanga.
Pakati pa 1538 ndi 1540, monga bishopu, Quiroga adapereka ntchito yopanga Namwali wa Zaumoyo, Dona wa Providence wa Michoacán ndi Mfumukazi ya Zipatala, kwa mbadwa Juan del Barrio Fuerte, yemwe adathandizidwa ndi Franiscis Fray Daniel, wotchedwa "the Chitaliyana ”, wotchuka chifukwa cha nsalu zake komanso zojambula zake.
Malo ake oyamba anali Hospital de la Asunción wakale ndi Santa María de Pátzcuaro; malo ake opatulika, tchalitchi chomwe chimadziwika ndi dzina lake, komwe amapembedzedwabe ndi chikhulupiriro komanso kudzipereka.
Quiroga adakhazikitsanso Pátzcuaro Sculpture School, komwe pafupifupi zaka mazana atatu zidapangidwa zifaniziro ndi mitanda.
Malinga ndi maumboni a olemba mbiri, a Quiroga adakhazikitsanso malo ojambulira zithunzi za nzimbe kuchipatala cha Santa Fe de la Laguna. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe chapadera kwambiri, m'matawuni omwe ali m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Pátzcuaro, zikuwoneka kuti bishopu adapatsa Santa Fe -chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino - amodzi mwa malo opangira malondawa. Don Vasco adayamba pazifukwa ziwiri zazikulu, kuyandikira kwa Tzintzuntzan komanso mwayi wopereka ntchito yabwino kwa osauka muzipatala zake.
Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa a Don Vasco, malo amsonkhanowu atha kupindulitsa kwambiri anthu ammudzi, popeza kuphunzitsa za luso la amisili a Tzintzuntzan, luso la akatswiri osema za sukulu ya Pátzcuaro, komanso kupezeka kosavuta kwa anthu zopangira, makamaka eltatzingueni.
Quiroga adalimbikitsanso ku Santa Fe, Mexico City, "zaluso zongoyerekeza nzimbe". M'modzi mwa maulendo ake obwera kuchipatala, Motolinía adawonetsa chidwi cha ma Christs: "Angwiro, olingana komanso odzipereka, opangidwa ndi sera, sangakhale omaliza. Ndipo ndi opepuka komanso abwinoko kuposa opangidwa ndi matabwa ”.
Njira zongoyerekeza za nzimbe zidasowa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 ndikutha kwa sukulu ya Pátzcuaro, koma osati miyambo yazithunzi za apaulendo.
Zithunzi za mzaka zam'mbuyomu zili kutali kwambiri, pazojambula ndi zokongoletsa, kuchokera pazithunzi zoyambirira zachikhristu zopangidwa ndi pasitala kuchokera ku Michoacán. Kuchepetsa uku kwa luso lojambula pamanja kumawonekera kwambiri pamayendedwe a Meya wa Semana, mumzinda wa Pátzcuaro, komwe zithunzi zoposa zana zimasonkhanitsidwa chaka ndi chaka, kuchokera kumadera a nyanja ya Pátzcuaro, Zirahuén ndi dera la Tarascan. .
Ma Christs ambiri, osachepera theka la ziboliboli adapangidwa ndi ukadaulo wachikhalidwe. Awo a khothi la Renaissance ndi a 1530-1610, otchedwa Renaissance mochedwa, ndipo omwe adapangidwa kuyambira pano mpaka zaka khumi zoyambirira za zana la 18 atha kutengedwa ngati ntchito zamphesa zachilengedwe. M'zaka makumi angapo zotsatira, zojambula pamiyala ya nzimbe zanyamuka kuchokera kuzokopa za baroque kuti zikhale luso la mestizo.
Pakati pazithunzi za amwendamnjira zomwe zimakumana Lachisanu Lachisanu ku Pátzcuaro, amadziwika kuti ndi achilungamo komanso angwiro. "Holy Christ of the Third Order" wa kachisi wa San Francisco, wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kukula kwachilengedwe komanso kuyenda kwa thupi lake, komanso polychrome yake; "Khristu wa mathithi atatu" a kachisi wa Kampani, osiririka chifukwa cha nkhope yowawa komanso kupsinjika kwa miyendo yake, komanso "Lord of the cañitas or of the poor" of the Basilica de la Salud, kulemekezedwa ndi malingaliro ake achisoni ndi achifundo pokumana ndi masautso amunthu.
Ambuye a midzi ya m'mbali mwa mtsinje, ambuye a mapembedzero osiyanasiyana, ambuye oyang'anira akachisi ndi abale; Creole, mestizo, akhristu amtundu komanso akuda amabwera, monga nthawi ya Mr. Quiroga, pagulu lachete.
