Ndi m'bandakucha ndipo m'maso mwake mumayamba kuwoneka bwino. Kulibe opondereza Cumbres de Maltrata ndi mizere yake yamagalimoto olemera ndi a Kaffirs omwe amanyoza imfa pamakoma omwe ali kuphompho.
Tidaperekanso nkhani ya Esperanza ndi matauni a Atzizintla ndi Texmalaquilla. Tsopano galimoto yathu ikukwera msewu wafumbi wopita kumapiri a mapiri a Atlitzin ndi Citlaltépetl. Mseuwo, mzigawo zina, umakhala ndi ming'alu yomwe nthawi yamvula ingakhale chopinga chosagonjetseka; komabe, timapitilira mpaka mopitilira 3,500 m pomwe timayimitsa galimoto kuti tiyambe kukwera phazi. Rubén, yemwe adziwa malowa kwa zaka 15 (ngakhale sindinkaganiza kuti Atlitzin inali yayitali kwambiri), amanditsogolera kumpoto kwa phirilo.
Pamene tsikulo limadutsa, cheza choyamba cha dzuwa chimajambula kutsetsereka chakum'mawa kwa Pico de Orizaba ndi madambo a Sierra Negra kapena volcano ya Atlitzin (Nuestra Señora de la Agüita) golide.
Kutacha kumawoneka bwino kwambiri tikamadutsa m'nkhalango yomwe zomera zake zasiya kukhala zolimba kwa zaka zingapo. Pamaso pa mitengo yayikulu yamitengo yodula yomwe tidapeza panjira, Rubén akufotokoza kuti mizu yawo idakumbidwa ndikudulidwa kuti igwe. Chifukwa chake, odula mitengo amakhalabe osalowererapo pakugwa kwake; Amatsimikiza kuti mtengowo udagwa "chifukwa udali wakale", ndipo amakhala ndi nkhwangwa ndi macheka kuti awudule.
Mkwiyo ndi chisoni chomwe chimadza chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango zimakhumudwitsidwa ndi malowa. Kumalo otsetsereka a kumwera chakum'mawa, Pico de Orizaba akuwonetsa zotsalira za chimney chomwe chidakokoloka, chomwe chimadziwika ndi okwera mapiri ngati Torrecillas: Pafupi ndi icho, ndikutulutsa kwa kamera, ndikutha kuwona kadontho kofiira; kogona lakummwera kwa Citlaltépetl. Koyamba, ndizotheka kulingalira njira yomwe imakwera kugombe la imodzi mwaphalaphala lalikulu.
Popita ku Atlitzin timawona momwe pang'onopang'ono zomera zimasowa. Pamtunda wapamwamba kuposa 4,000 m, mitengo ina ya paini idakalipobe; komabe, zomera zomwe zilipo ndi malo odyetserako ziweto komanso mitengo ina yayitali yamapiri. Mwadzidzidzi, pabedi la miyala yofiira, mawonekedwe achilengedwe a maluwa achikaso ndi masamba otuwa amatidabwitsa. Kwina konse, pambali pamiyala yopanda phokoso, nthula yaminga yamapiri imachita maluwa ngati mpendadzuwa wouma. Miyala ina imakhala ndi ndere zobiriwira kapena zofiira kumene tizilomboti timakhalamo.
Pamalo opitilira 4,500 m pamwamba pa nyanja timafika pamapewa amodzi a Sierra Negra kuchokera komwe titha kuwona, kum'mawa ndi kumwera chakum'mawa, mapiri otsika a Veracruz, Sierra de Zongolica ndi zigwa zina. Kulowera kumwera kulowera ku Tehuacán, mutha kuwona Sierra de Tecamachalco komanso kumpoto kwa Pico de Orizaba. Kuchokera pano mutha kusilira, pamapiri a Citlaltépetl, lilime lalikulu lamiyala yamapiri pafupi ndi Cerro Colorado, ndipo chifukwa cha kukula kwa mapini m'mbali mwake, titha kuwerengera kuti kuthamanga koteroko sikungakhale kochepera mamita 100. mkulu. Zikanakhala bwino kwambiri kukakumbukira, usiku, chiphalaphalacho chikutsikira pansi motsetsereka!
Tikupitiliza ulendo wathu tili ndi nkhawa ndi mitambo yomwe yayamba kuphimba mapiri a Citlaltépetl ndi Atlitzin, koma kukoka komaliza kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Pa nthawi yopuma, Rubén amatenga mwayi kujambula phiri la Tepoztécatl, kum'mawa, kudzera pawindo lomwe mitambo imamupatsa kwakanthawi kochepa chabe. Kuyambira tsopano, phirili likuyimira malo a Martian. M'mbuyomu, mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo, mwina chivomerezi chidapangitsa makoma okokoloka kumwera kugwa, zomwe zimawoneka pomwe chifunga chimachoka ku Cumbres de Maltrata kuchokera ku San José Cuyachapa.
Mamita ochepa tisanafike pamwamba tinawona mitanda itatu yaying'ono. Zotsalira za crater yosweka zimawoneka ndikusowa mu emvulopu yoyera yamitambo yomwe monga mizukwa imakhalamo. Mmodzi wa mitanda waperekedwa kwa Wopatulika Mtima wa Yesu, winayo waperekedwa kwa wolemba ndakatulo wa phirilo, munthu yemwe adakwera phirilo kuti apeze malo ake osungirako zinthu zakale, ndipo yaying'ono kwambiri ili ndi chipinda chake chokhala ngati chitunda pomwe pali chosemedwa cha pulasitala ndi zopereka ndi mikanda. Chifunga chimatiphimba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo tikudikirira mitambo kuti isunthire, Rubén amagona ndipo ndimagona kwakanthawi. Mwadzidzidzi, kunyezimira kwa dzuwa kumasokoneza kupumula kwanga ndipo ma Citlaltépetl amatulutsa mitambo kwakanthawi. Komabe, malo akumadzulo amakhalabe mitambo ndipo amatikana ife masomphenya a Popocatépetl ndi Iztaccíhuatl.
Ndisanayambe kubwerera, ndimayang'ana kuphompho lomwe lagwa la Sierra Negra kapena Atlitzin, lomwe silili msonkhano wachisanu wadzikoli.
Timatsika mwakachetechete; M'nyumba ku Texmalaquilla amatipatsa chakudya ndipo ku San José Atlitzin timakhutiritsa kukhala kwathu opanda zithunzi. M'misewu yake yopanda anthu, fumbi lomwe linatulutsidwa ndi gulu lankhosa lomwe wachinyamata wagona silokwanira kubisa unyinji wa Atlitzin. Kutsanzikana kuli chete.
SIERRA NEGRA: VOLCANO YOSADZIWIKA
Zolemba: Rubén B. Morante
Ndikadakuwuzani kuti msonkhano wachisanu ku Mexico sunazindikiridwe ndi akatswiri azakafukufuku, kodi mungandikhulupirire? Ndi phiri lalitali kuposa Malinche, Nevado de Colima ndi Cofre de Perote; komabe, ngati titayesa kupeza m'mabuku a geography, tiwona kuti ambiri mwa iwo sawonekeranso. Kutalika kwake, malinga ndi tchati cha INEGI 1: 50000, chofanana ndi Orizaba (E14B56), ndi 4 583 m pamwamba pa nyanja, yomwe ili 120 m pamwamba pa La Malinche, phiri lomwe limawerengedwa kuti ndi phiri lachisanu mdziko muno ndipo pano zichitika kuti atenge udindo wachisanu ndi chimodzi. Mwina kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri m'chigawo cha Mexico ndiye chifukwa chake anthu amanyalanyazidwa. Mnzake wapafupi yekha, Pico de Orizaba, limodzi ndi Popocatépetl, Iztaccíhuatl ndi Nevado de Toluca amapitilira kutalika kwake.
Tikukhulupirira kuti bungweli liyenera kukonzedwa, chifukwa monga momwe tidzawonere mtsogolo, ndi massif yodziyimira payokha pa Citlaltépetl, ndipo sikuti idangopangidwa munthawi ina koma kuphulika kwake kudatulutsa zida zosiyanasiyana. Tikulankhula za phiri la Atlitzin, lotchedwa Sierra Negra kapena Cerro La Negra, lomwe lili m'chigawo cha Puebla, ngakhale malo ake otsetsereka amafika kudera la Veracruz.
Phiri la Atlitzin, lomwe limadziwika bwino kuti Sierra Negra kapena Cerro La Negra, limalandira dzina lachiwirili chifukwa linawonedwa mbali ina ya chipale chofewa cha Pico de Orizaba, chikuwoneka ngati mdima wakuda kuposa momwe uliri. Ndi chiphalaphala chomwe chidakokoloka kwambiri chomwe ndi gawo limodzi mwanjira zofunikira kwambiri za mapiri ophulika omwe ali mu Neovolcanic Axis kapena Sierra Volcánica Transversal, pomwe mapiri akulu adziko lathu ali mbali. Inapangidwa pamaso pa Citlaltépetl, kumapeto kwa Miocene. Pachifukwa ichi, sichingaganizidwe kuti ndi chimbudzi chachiwiri cha Pico de Orizaba, pomwe chimasiyanitsidwa bwino ndikukula kwa malo okhala ndi malo otsetsereka pang'ono omwe amayamba pa 4,000 m asl ndikupanga siketi yakumwera ya Citlaltépetl. Pamalo otsetserekawa, pang'ono kumadzulo, pamapezeka mbewa zamatenda, ndiye kuti, njira yachiwiri ya Pico de Orizaba, yomwe imadziwika kuti Cerro Colorado ndipo ili ndi kutalika kwa 4,460 m. Phiri lotere, timavomereza, silipanga kukwera kodziyimira pawokha.
Chigwa cha Sierra Negra chasokoloka kwambiri mpaka kutaya makoma a chimney chake. Pakafukufuku wake wofunika wa Pico de Orizaba yemwe adachitika koyambirira kwa zaka za zana lino, katswiri wazamisala Paul Waitz akuti Sierra Negra idapangidwa motalika, ndipo munthawi imeneyi phompho lalikulu laphalalo lidadzazidwa ndi chiphalaphala. wa kutayikira pambuyo pake, komwe kumakhalanso maziko a yatsopano monga momwe zimachitikira mobwerezabwereza, ndikukweza phirilo mochulukirachulukira. Unyolo wamapiri womwe Sierra Negra ndiye msonkhano wakumwera kwambiri, umachokera kumwera kupita kumpoto, umakafika ku Cofre de Perote ndikutseka Basin ya ku Asia, kulepheretsa kutuluka kwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje kuchokera kuchigwa cha Puebla kupita ku Gulf of Mexico .
Sierra Negra ili mkati mwa malo omwe anali Pico de Orizaba National Park, ndipo tikunena kunja chifukwa chifukwa chokhala ndi anthu komanso nkhanza zankhalango zake zatayika kuposa theka la ma 19,750 ha ake oyamba, omwe amakhala pansi osachepera 10,000 ha pa paki yadziko yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi un ku Msonkhano Wachiwiri Wadziko Lonse pa National Parks mu Seputembara 1972.
Nyengo ku Sierra Negra ndi yozizira pang'ono komanso yotentha ndipo kutentha kwake kumatha kuyambira 10ºC mpaka 20ºC. M'nyengo yozizira chipale chofewa nthawi zambiri chimasandutsa "mapiri oyera", koma mchaka mchenga wa imvi ndi miyala ya igneous imawubwezeretsanso mawonekedwe omwe adaupatsa dzina lake. Zomera zimapangidwa ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo ya paini, pomwe mitengo yamtundu wa bartwegii imakhala pamwamba kwambiri kuposa 3,800 m. Timapezanso nthula (nthula yoyera), madambo (otchedwa zacatones) ndi zitsamba zokongola monga jarritos ndi elamaxbuitl. Moss ndi ndere zokha ndizomwe zimafikira pamwambowu, ndipo pakati pa nyama pali akalulu, akalulu, agologolo, nkhandwe, njoka zam'madzi, abuluzi ndi mbalame monga akhwangwala ndi akabawi.
Gwero: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 217 / Marichi 1995
