Ili pamtunda wopitilira 2,600 mita pamwamba pa nyanja komanso nyengo "imodzi mwazizira kwambiri m'chigawo chapamwamba cha Mexico", likulu la State of Mexico ndi mzinda wokangalika, wokongola komanso wochereza alendo. Bwerani mudzakumane naye!
Anthu aku Matlatzinca amatchedwa Tollocan, kutanthauza "Malo aulemu", ndipo udali malo ofunikira mwamwambo. Anthu achilengedwe omwe amakhala m'chigwachi anali ndi luso lapamwamba pantchito zaulimi, ndichifukwa chake nkhokwe za mafumu omaliza aku Mexico zidapezeka kumeneko. Pambuyo pogonjetsa, Toluca anali m'gulu la Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca lomwe adapatsa Hernán Cortés ndi King of Spain mu 1529.
Kufupi ndi likulu la Mexico (makilomita 64 okha) kunapangitsa Toluca likulu lakusonkhanitsira zaulimi zomwe tikudziwa kuti State of Mexico. M'malo ake ozungulira, ngakhale adachulukirachulukira mzaka zaposachedwa, chimanga, nyemba, tsabola, nyemba zazikulu ndi beets zikukula, pakati pazinthu zina.
Toluca adalengezedwa kuti ndi mzinda ku 1677 ndipo likulu la dzikolo mu 1831. Nzika zake zakhala zikugwira nawo mbali pomenya nkhondo ku Mexico yodziyimira pawokha komanso kuphatikiza, koma inali nthawi ya Porfiriato, kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za 20th, pomwe idalandira lalikulu Boom ngati mzinda wamafuta komanso wamalonda.
Makampani opanga tirigu, mowa ndi nsalu, banki yaboma, nkhalango komanso masukulu ambiri amisiri, kuphatikiza kuyunivesite yake, adapanga kukhala mzinda wopambana wokhala ndi tsogolo labwino.
Toluca, likulu la dziko lokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Mexico, amalumikizana bwino kumadera onse adzikoli kudzera mumisewu yayikulu. Masiku ano, eyapoti yake yapadziko lonse ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopita ku Mexico City.
Ili pamtunda wa mamita 2,600 pamwamba pa nyanja, Toluca ili ndi nyengo yabwino; malire ake akumatawuni awonjezedwa kwambiri, kotero kuti matauni ang'onoang'ono oyandikana nawo tsopano ali gawo lake.
Ku Toluca, mbiri ndi zochitika zamakono zikugwirizana mogwirizana. Pokhala ndi anthu opitilila miliyoni, imapereka ntchito zonse mumzinda wamakono, komanso imanyadira malo ambiri am'mbiri omwe akuyembekezera alendo mumisewu, mabwalo, akachisi ndi museums zomwe zimawauza zakumbuyo zakale.
Mofanana ndi mizinda yonse yakale ku Mexico, Toluca yakhazikika mozungulira malo ake apakatikati, opangidwa munthawi zamakoloni, koma pali zotsalira zochepa zomangamanga. Plaza Cívica, yotchedwanso "de los Mártires" polemekeza zigawenga zomwe zidaperekedwa pa nthawi ya Ufulu, ndiyofunika kuyendera. Kuzungulira bwaloli pali nyumba yachifumu, nyumba yachifumu ndi likulu lalamulo. Kumbali yakumwera kuli Cathedral of the Assumption, yomwe idakonzedwa mu 1870, yokakamiza kapangidwe kake, kofanana ndi nyumba zakale zaku Roma, zokhala ndi mzikiti wokhala ndi chifanizo cha Saint Joseph, woyera mtima wamzindawu. Chojambulidwa ku tchalitchichi ndi kachisi wa Third Order, m'njira yodziwika bwino ya baroque yomwe imasunga zojambula zofunikira.
Masamba, mkatikati mwa mzindawu, amapanga masitolo angapo azinthu zosiyanasiyana, pakati pawo masitolo a maswiti, odziwika mdziko lonselo, monga mkaka ham, mandimu wokhala ndi coconut, marzipan, jellies, zipatso zophikidwa ndi manyuchi, cocadas ndi pome maswiti, pakati pa ena.
Masitepe ochepa kuchokera pabwaloli ndi Botanical Garden, yomwe ili ndi malo osangalatsa a Cosmo Vitral pafupifupi 2000 mita lalikulu, imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, ntchito ya Mexico Leopoldo Flores. Mutu wamagalasi wokhathamira, wopangidwa mwaluso, ndi munthu ndi chilengedwe, kuphatikiza pakati pa zabwino ndi zoyipa, moyo ndi imfa, chilengedwe ndi chiwonongeko.
M'munda wa Botanical womwewo, pakati pa nyanja yopangira madzi ndi mathithi amadzi, zokongola za zomera zana limodzi zitha kuyamikiridwa, pafupifupi zonsezi zimasankhidwa ndi wasayansi waku Japan Eizi Matuda, yemwe amalipira msonkho woyenera wokhala ndi mkuwa wamkuwa. Malo ena osangalatsa ku Toluca ndi akachisi a Carmen, a Third Order of San Francisco ndi a Santa Veracruz, komwe Khristu wakuda wazaka za m'ma 1600 amapembedzedwa.
NKHANI YOYAMBA YA BAMBO WA DZIKO
Chifaniziro choyambirira chomangidwa polemekeza Don Miguel Hidalgo chili ku Tenancingo. Chithunzichi chidapangidwa mu 1851 ndi Joaquín Solache ndipo adachijambula pamwala m'derali ndi wansembe wa Tenancingo, Epigmenio de la Piedra.
OSATAYIDWA
Ngati mupita ku Toluca, musaphonye mwayi woti mudye keke yokoma ku "Vaquita Negra", tortería yokhala ndi zaka zopitilira 50, yomwe ili pamakomo, ku Hidalgo pakona ya Nicolás Bravo, mkati mwa mzindawu. Pali ma stew ambiri, koma "toluqueña" kapena "satana", opangidwa polemekeza a Red Devils aku Toluca, ndi apadera, chifukwa amapangidwa ndi chorizo chanyumba.
