Tikaganiza za nyumba za amonke, tiyenera kuchita izi kulingalira za malo omwe amapembedza, motsogozedwa ndi Tchalitchi cha Katolika komanso a Institute kapena Order yomwe akukhalamo. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16, maderawa anali masukulu, zokambirana, zipatala, minda, minda ndi zina zambiri momwe kuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzira zinali zenizeni zomwe zidalipo mogwirizana.
Dzinalo lomwe asisitala adalandira linali "claustrum". Mu Middle Ages amadziwika ndi dzina la "clostrum" kapena "monasterium". Mwa iwo munkakhala iwo omwe adapanga lumbiro zomwe zitha kuperekedwa ndi Papa.
Mwachiwonekere, moyo wamakhalidwe achikhalidwe umachokera ku moyo wosasamala wa anthu wamba omwe, omwe amakhala pachifuwa cha banja, adasankha kusala ndi kuvala popanda zapamwamba, ndipo pambuyo pake adapuma pantchito kuzipululu, makamaka ku Egypt ndikukhala komweko mwa kudzisunga ndi umphawi.
Gulu la amonke linapeza mphamvu m'zaka za zana lachitatu pambuyo pa Khristu, pang'onopang'ono adakhala m'magulu azithunzi zazikulu, monga Anthony Woyera. Kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka m'zaka za zana la 13, panali mipingo itatu yokha mchipembedzo: ya San Basilio, ya San Agustín ndi ya San Benito. Pambuyo pazaka za zana lino panali malamulo ambiri omwe adakula kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, chinthu chomwe New Spain sinali chachilendo m'zaka za zana la 16.
Mzinda wa Tenochtitlan utangotha kugonjetsedwa, Crown yaku Spain adawona kufunika kotembenuza anthu omwe agonjetsedwawo kukhala Chikhristu. Anthu aku Spain adadziwa momveka bwino za cholinga chawo: kugonjetsa nzika kuti ziwonjezere chiwerengero cha nzika zaku Spain, ndikutsimikizira nzika zakomweko kuti anali ana a Mulungu owomboledwa ndi Yesu Khristu; malamulo achipembedzo anapatsidwa ntchito yofunika kwambiri.
Anthu aku Franciscans, omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale komanso okhazikika bwino kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 15, adakhazikitsa madera oyamba olalikirako ku 1524 m'malo anayi achikhalidwe ofunikira kwambiri, omwe ali m'chigawo chapakati cha Mexico, kupitilira zaka kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa dera lino, komanso Michoacán, Yucatán, Zacatecas, Durango ndi New Mexico.
Lamulo la a Franciscan litatha, Olalikira a Santo Domingo adafika mu 1526. Ntchito yolalikira ya ku Dominican idayamba mwadongosolo mpaka 1528 ndipo ntchito yawo idaphatikizapo gawo lalikulu lomwe limaphatikizapo zigawo za Tlaxcala, Michoacán, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Yucatán ndi dera la Tehuantepec.
Pomaliza, uthenga wosalekeza wochokera ku America ndi ntchito yolalikira ya a Franciscans ndi a Dominican, zidapangitsa kuti a St. Augustine akhazikitsidwe mchaka cha 1533. Pambuyo pake ambuye awiri adakhazikika, okhala kudera lalikulu lomwe zigawo zawo zinali panthawiyo akadali malire: madera a Otomian, Purépecha, Huasteca ndi Matlatzinca. Madera akuthengo ndi osauka okhala ndi nyengo yovuta anali madera komanso malo amunthu omwe lamuloli limalalikirapo.
Momwe kufalitsa uthenga kumapita patsogolo, ma diocese adapangidwa: Tlaxcala (1525), Antequera (1535), Chiapas (1539), Guadalajara (1548) ndi Yucatán (1561). Ndi maulamulirowa, chisamaliro cha abusa chimalimbikitsidwa ndipo dziko lazipembedzo ku New Spain likufotokozedwa, pomwe lamulo laumulungu: "Lalikirani uthenga wabwino kwa cholengedwa chilichonse", chinali lingaliro loyambirira.
Ponena za malo omwe amakhala komanso momwe amachitiramo ntchito zawo, mamangidwe amatchalitchi atatuwa adasinthidwa kuti azitchedwa "kufufuza pang'ono". Malo ake anali ndi malo ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: malo aboma, opatulira kupembedza ndi kuphunzitsa, monga kachisi wokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana: kwayala, chapansi, nave, presbytery, guwa, sacristy ndi kuvomereza, atrium, chapel chotseguka, ma posas chapel, mitanda yoyeserera, sukulu ndi chipatala. Yachinsinsi, yopangidwa ndi nyumba ya masisitere ndi matendawo: zipinda zogona, zipinda zosambira, zipinda zosambiramo, khitchini, firiji, zipinda zosungira ndi malo osungira, chipinda chakuya ndi laibulale. Kuphatikiza apo panali munda wa zipatso, chitsime ndi mphero. M'malo onsewa moyo wamasiku onse wa ma friar udachitika, womwe umayenera kutsatira Lamulo, lomwe ndilo lamulo loyamba lomwe limayang'anira dongosolo komanso momwe kufunsa konse komwe kungaperekedwe ndikuwonjezeranso, Constitution, chikalata chomwe chimapanga kutanthauzira kwakukulu pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wam'nyumba ya masisitere.
Zolemba zonsezi zili ndi malamulo amoyo wofanana, kuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti palibe katundu wa eni, kuti choyambirira kupemphera ndikuwonongeka kwa thupi kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito posala ndi kudzichepetsa. Zida zamalamulozi zikuwonetsa boma la madera, zakuthupi, zauzimu ndi zachipembedzo. Kuphatikiza apo, nyumba yamatchalitchi iliyonse imapatsidwa mwambo: buku latsiku ndi tsiku, onse payekha komanso gulu, pomwe dongosolo lazoyang'anira ndi ntchito za munthu aliyense wachipembedzo zimalemekezedwa kwambiri.
Ponena za chikhulupiriro chawo, lamuloli limakhala mokhulupirika m'malo awo okhala m'makonsolo moyang'aniridwa ndi Chigawo chawo ndikupemphera tsiku ndi tsiku. Amakakamizidwa kutsatira malamulo a Malamulo, Malamulo, udindo waumulungu, ndi kumvera.
Woyang'anira anali likulu la oyang'anira. Moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku udalangidwa mosamalitsa, kupatula masiku opatulika, monga Meya Meya, Lachisanu loyamba la mwezi uliwonse komanso Lamlungu, pomwe kunali kofunikira kuti magawo ndi zochitika zizisiyana malinga ndi zikondwerero, Chabwino, ngati panali maulendo tsiku lililonse, m'masiku amenewo anali kuchulukana. Kuwerengedwa kwa maora ovomerezeka, omwe ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amaofesi omwe Mpingo umagwiritsa ntchito munthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsikuli, kumayendetsedwa ndi moyo wamisonkhano. Izi nthawi zonse ziyenera kunenedwa pagulu komanso kwayala yakachisi. Chifukwa chake, pakati pausiku Matins anali kunenedwa, kutsatiridwa ndi ola limodzi la kupemphera m'maganizo, ndipo m'mawa kwambiri amapemphera mapemphero. Kenako chikondwerero cha Ukalisitiya chidachitika ndipo, motsatizana, tsiku lonse, maofesi osiyanasiyana adapitilira, kwa onse ammudzi nthawi zonse amayenera kukhala limodzi, ngakhale atakhala achipembedzo omwe amakhala mumsonkhanowo, chifukwa zimatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa awiri mpaka makumi anayi kapena makumi asanu a mafirii, kutengera mtundu wa nyumbayo, ndiye kuti, masanjidwe ake ndi kapangidwe kake, koma malo ake, popeza zimangodalira ngati nyumba yayikulu kapena yaying'ono, Vicarage kapena ulendo.
Moyo wamasana umatha pambuyo pa omwe amatchedwa maola athunthu, pafupifupi nthawi ya eyiti koloko usiku ndipo kuyambira pamenepo kukhala chete kuyenera kukhala kotheratu, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito posinkhasinkha ndi kuphunzira, gawo lofunikira la moyo wamatchalitchi, popeza sitiyenera kuyiwala kuti awa Madera anali odziwika ndipo anali odziwika m'zaka za zana la 16 ngati malo ofunikira pophunzira zamulungu, zaluso, zilankhulo, mbiri ndi galamala. Mwa iwo makalata oyamba masukulu adachokera, komwe ana, omwe amatengedwa motsogozedwa ndi akatswiri, anali njira yofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kwamwini; chifukwa chake kufunikira kwa masukulu achikhalidwe, makamaka omwe amayendetsedwa ndi anthu aku Franciscans, omwe nawonso adadzipereka pakuphunzitsa zaluso ndi zaluso zomwe zimayambitsa magulu.
Kukhwima kwa nthawiyo kunatanthawuza kuti chilichonse chimayeza ndikuwerengedwa: makandulo, mapepala, inki, zizolowezi ndi nsapato.
Ndondomeko zodyetsa zinali zolimba ndipo anthu ammudzi amayenera kukhala limodzi kuti adye, komanso kumwa chokoleti. Nthawi zambiri, ma friars amapatsidwa cocoa ndi shuga pachakudya cham'mawa, buledi ndi msuzi nkhomaliro, ndipo masana amakhala ndi madzi ndi keke ya siponji. Zakudya zawo zinali zokhudzana ndi nyama zamtundu wina (ng'ombe, nkhuku ndi nsomba) ndi zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi nyemba zomwe zimalimidwa m'mundamo, komwe kunali malo ogwira ntchito omwe amapindula nawo. Ankadyanso chimanga, tirigu ndi nyemba. Popita nthawi, kukonza chakudya kunasakanizidwa ndikuphatikizira zinthu zaku Mexico. Zophika zosiyanasiyana zimakonzedwa kukhitchini m'miphika ya ceramic kapena yamkuwa, miphika ndi ziwiya, mipeni yazitsulo, masipuni amitengo, komanso ma sefa ndi sefa za zinthu zosiyanasiyana adagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndipo molcajetes ndi matope adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chakudyacho chidaperekedwa m'malo operekera ziwiya monga mbale, mbale ndi mitsuko yadongo.
Mipando ya nyumba ya amonkeyo inali ndi matebulo apamwamba komanso otsika, mipando ndi mipando, mabokosi, zifuwa, mitengo ikuluikulu ndi makabati, zonsezi zili ndi maloko ndi makiyi. M'maselo munali bedi lokhala ndi mphasa ya mphasa ndi udzu komanso zofunda zaubweya wopanda ubweya ndi pilo ndi tebulo laling'ono.
Makomawo adawonetsera zojambulidwa pamutu wachipembedzo kapena pamtanda wamatabwa, popeza zizindikilo zonena za chikhulupiriro zimayimilidwa pazithunzi zadela lamakonde a chipinda chakuya, chipinda chakuya komanso malo osungira anthu. Gawo lofunikira kwambiri linali malaibulale omwe adapangidwa mkati mwa nyumba zanyumba, zonse monga zothandizira kuphunzira zachipembedzo, komanso zochita zawo. Malamulo atatuwa adayesetsa kwambiri kuti apatse amonkewo mabuku ofunikira pa moyo waubusa ndi kuphunzitsa. Mitu yomwe idalimbikitsidwa inali Baibulo Lopatulika, malamulo ovomerezeka ndi mabuku olalikira, kungotchulapo ochepa.
Za thanzi la ma friars, ziyenera kuti zinali zabwino. Zambiri zochokera m'mabuku ovomerezeka zimasonyeza kuti adakhala zaka 60 kapena 70, ngakhale panali zovuta za nthawiyo. Ukhondo waumwini unali wochepa, bafa silimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, komanso, anali kulumikizana pafupipafupi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana monga nthomba ndi typhus, chifukwa chake kupezeka kwa zipatala ndi zipatala za ma friar. Panali ochiritsira azitsamba azitsamba zochokera ku zitsamba zakuchiritsa, zambiri zomwe amapangira m'munda.
Imfa inali chinthu chomaliza cha wachipembedzo yemwe adapereka moyo wake wonse kwa Mulungu. Izi zikuyimira chochitika, chawanthu komanso gulu. Nyumba yomaliza ya ma friars nthawi zambiri inali nyumba ya masisitere yomwe amakhala. Iwo anaikidwa m'manda pamalo omwe anasankhidwa ndi iwo m'nyumba ya masisitere kapena m'malo omwe anali ofanana ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo.
Ntchito za amishonale a New Spain ndi amishonale zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi za Azungu. Koposa zonse anali malo ophunzitsira komanso ophunzitsira katekisimu. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi mphambu khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi anali malo azikhalidwe chifukwa ma friars adapereka gawo lalikulu la masiku awo kulalikira ndi kuphunzitsa. Anali akatswiri okonza mapulani ndi luso pamalonda ambiri komanso zaluso ndipo amayang'anira kujambula matauni, misewu, ntchito zama hydraulic ndikulima malowo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano. Pogwira ntchito zonsezi adagwiritsa ntchito anthu ammudzi.
A friar adatenga nawo gawo pakusankhidwa kwa akuluakulu aboma ndikukonzekera, kwakukulu, moyo wa anthu. Mwachidule, ntchito yake komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku umalankhula za chikhulupiriro chamkati, chosavuta komanso chogwirizana, chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri pamalingaliro osati zongopeka, chifukwa ngakhale moyo watsiku ndi tsiku unkadziwika ndi chitsulo, aliyense wolimba amakhala ndipo amalankhula ndi iye komanso anthu ali ngati munthu aliyense.
