Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma IV-XI za nthawi yathu ino, madera angapo adakula ku Sierra Gorda of Queretana.
Mwa awa, Ranas ndi Toluquilla ndi malo odziwika bwino ofukula mabwinja; Mwa iwo mungasangalale ndi magulu azikhalidwe, nyumba zokhalamo ndi mabwalo amilandu, ogwirizana bwino ndi zitunda za zitunda. Migodi ya Cinnabar ikuboola malo otsetsereka apafupi; Mchere uwu (mercury sulfide) udalemekezedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha utoto wake wowoneka bwino, wofanana ndi magazi amoyo. Kusiya mapiri ndi okhalitsa akukhala chimodzimodzi ndi kugwa kwa midzi yaulimi kumpoto kwa Mesoamerica. Pambuyo pake, m'derali munkakhala anthu osamukasamuka a ku Jonaces, odzipereka kusaka ndi kusonkhanitsa, komanso a Pames, omwe chikhalidwe chawo chimafanana ndi chitukuko cha ku America: kulima chimanga, gulu lokhala ndi anthu komanso akachisi opembedzedwa milungu yawo. .
Pambuyo pa Kugonjetsedwa, ena aku Spain adabwera ku Sierra Gorda, atakopeka ndi nyengo yabwino m'makampani azaulimi, ziweto ndi migodi. Kuphatikiza kulowereraku kwa chikhalidwe cha New Spain kudafunikira kuphatikiza ma serranos azikhalidwe mu zachuma ndi ndale, ntchito yomwe adapatsidwa kwa mafalansa a Augustinian, Dominican ndi Franciscan. Utumiki woyamba, m'zaka za zana la 16 ndi 17, sunali wothandiza kwambiri. Cha m'ma 1700, nyanjayi idawonekerabe ngati "banga lofatsa ndi lankhanza", lozunguliridwa ndi anthu aku Spain atsopano.
Izi zidasintha pakufika ku Sierra Gorda wa Lieutenant ndi Captain General José de Escandón, olamulira gulu la mzinda wa Querétaro. Kuyambira mu 1735, msirikaliyu adachita kampeni zingapo zotonthoza mapiri. Mu 1743, Escandón adalimbikitsa boma lankhondo lomwe lingakonzekeretse ntchitozo. Ntchito yake idavomerezedwa ndi akuluakulu ndipo m'malo 1744 amishonale adakhazikitsidwa ku Jalpan, Landa, Tilaco, Tancoyol ndi Concá, motsogozedwa ndi a Franciscans aku San Fernando Propaganda Fide koleji, likulu la New Spain. A Pames omwe adakana kukhala m'mamisiliwa adagonjetsedwa ndi asitikali a Escandón. Muntchito iliyonse, nyumba yomanga yamatabwa yokhala ndi denga laudzu idamangidwa, chipinda chamatumba amnyumba chimodzimodzi ndi nyumba za anthu wamba. Mu 1744 panali anthu azikhalidwe 1,445 ku Jalpan; mamishoni ena anali pakati pa 450 ndi 650 anthu aliwonse.
Gulu la asirikali linakhazikitsidwa ku Jalpan, motsogozedwa ndi wamkulu. Muntchito iliyonse panali asitikali operekeza zigawengazo, kukhazikitsa bata ndikugwira mbadwa zomwe zimafuna kuthawa. Mu 1748, asitikali a Escandón adathetsa kulimbana kwa a Jonaces pankhondo yapaphiri la Media Luna. Ndi izi, tawuni yamapiri iyi idawonongedwa. Chaka chotsatira, Femando VI, Mfumu yaku Spain adapatsa Escandón udindo wa Count of the Sierra Gorda.
Pofika 1750, mikhalidwe idalimbikitsa kulalikidwa kwa dera. Gulu latsopano la amishonale lidabwera kuchokera ku San Fernando College, motsogozedwa ndi a Majorcan Mbale Junípero Serra, yemwe amakhala zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pakati pa a Pames Serrano ngati Purezidenti wa mishoni zisanu za Fernandine. Serra adayamba ntchito yake pophunzira chilankhulo cha Pame, momwe adamasulira zolemba zoyambirira zachipembedzo chachikhristu. Potero adadutsa malire azilankhulo, chipembedzo chamtanda adaphunzitsidwa kwa anthu am'deralo.
Maluso aumishonale omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chigawochi anali ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a Franciscans kumadera ena m'zaka za zana la 18. Mafalayawa adabwezeretsa zina mwa ntchito yolalikira ku New Spain mzaka za zana la 16, makamaka pamaphunziro ndi miyambo; Iwo anali ndi mwayi umodzi, komabe: anthu ochepa azikhalidwe adalola kuwalamulira. Kumbali inayi, asitikali adagwira nawo gawo lalikulu pantchito yopambana iyi "kupambana kwauzimu." Anthu olimbikira anali oyang'anira m'misasa, koma ankagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo mothandizidwa ndi asirikali. Adakonzanso maboma azikhalidwe pantchito iliyonse: kazembe, meya, wogwirizira, ndi otsutsa adasankhidwa. Zolakwa ndi machimo a anthu am'deralo adalangidwa ndi kukwapulidwa koyendetsedwa ndi oyimira milandu.
Panali zofunikira zokwanira, chifukwa chazitsogozo zanzeru za ma friars, ntchito ya pames ndi ndalama zochepa zoperekedwa ndi Crown, osati zongodyera chabe komanso kulalikira, koma pomanga nyumba zisanu za amishonale, zomangidwa pakati pa 1750 ndi 1770, zomwe lero zimadabwitsa alendo obwera ku Sierra Gorda. Pamakalata, zokongoletsedwa bwino ndi matope a polychrome, maziko azachipembedzo achikhristu adawonetsedwa. Amisiri omanga nyumba zakunja analembedwa ntchito yoyang'anira ntchito zamatchalitchi. Pankhaniyi, Fray Francisco Palou, mnzake komanso wolemba mbiri ya Fray Junípero, akuti: "Wolemekezeka Fray Junípero atawona ana ake Amwenye akugwira ntchito mwachidwi kwambiri kuposa pachiyambi, adayesetsa kuti apange tchalitchi cha zomangamanga (.. ) Adapereka malingaliro ake odzipereka kwa amwenye onsewo, omwe adavomera mosangalala, ndikupempha kunyamula mwalawo, womwe udali pafupi, mchenga wonse, kupanga laimu ndikusakanikirana, ndikugwiranso ntchito ngati mamoni (..) ndipo munthawi yazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mpingo unamalizidwa (..) Pogwiritsa ntchito ntchitozi (pames) zidathandizidwa pantchito zosiyanasiyana, monga masoni, akalipentala, osula zitsulo, ojambula, opanga ma gilders, ndi zina zambiri. (...) zomwe zidatsala ku sinodi ndi zachifundo za anthu zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipira malipiro a omanga (...) ”. Mwanjira imeneyi Palou amatsutsa nthano yamakono kuti akachisi awa adapangidwa ndi amishonale mothandizidwa ndi a Pames okha.
Zipatso za ntchito zaulimi, zomwe zimachitika kumayiko oyanjana, zimasungidwa nkhokwe, moyang'aniridwa ndi ma friars; chakudya chimagawidwa tsiku lililonse kubanja lililonse, pambuyo pa mapemphero ndi chiphunzitso. Chaka chilichonse zokolola zazikulu zimakwaniritsidwa, mpaka panali zochuluka; Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugula magulu a ng'ombe, zida zaulimi ndi nsalu zopangira zovala. Ng'ombe zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zimakhalanso ndi anthu onse; nyama inagawidwa kwa onse. Nthawi yomweyo, ma friars amalimbikitsa kulima ziwembu zapadera komanso kuweta ziweto ngati katundu wamba. Chifukwa chake, adakonzekeretsa tsiku loti zipembedzo zisakhale zachipembedzo, boma ladziko litatha. Amayiwo adaphunzira kupanga nsalu ndi zovala, kupota, kuluka ndi kusoka. Ankapanganso matumba, maukonde, mabichi, miphika, ndi zinthu zina, zomwe amuna awo ankagulitsa m'misika yamatauni oyandikana nawo.
Tsiku lililonse, ndikutuluka kwadzuwa koyamba, mabelu amayitanitsa achikulirewo kutchalitchi kuti akaphunzire mapemphero ndi chiphunzitso chachikhristu, nthawi zambiri ku Spain, ena ku Pame. Kenako ana, azaka zisanu ndi kupitilira, adabwera kudzachita zomwezo. Anyamatawo ankabwerera madzulo aliwonse kuti akapitirize maphunziro awo achipembedzo. Komanso masana anali achikulire omwe adalandira sakramenti, monga mgonero woyamba, ukwati, kapena kuvomereza pachaka, komanso omwe adayiwala gawo lina la chiphunzitsocho.
Lamlungu lililonse, komanso pamwambo wokukondwerera koyenera kwa Tchalitchi, mbadwa zonse zimayenera kupita kumisonkhano. Munthu aliyense wachilengedwe amayenera kupsompsona m'manja kuti alembetse kupezeka kwawo. Omwe sanapezeke anali kulangidwa mwankhanza. Pomwe wina samakhoza kupita chifukwa chaulendo wamalonda, amayenera kubwerera ndiumboni wakupezekapo pa misa m'tawuni ina. Lamlungu masana, Korona wa Maria adapemphedwa. Ku Concá kokha mpamene pempheroli limachitika mkati mwa sabata, kusinthana usiku uliwonse kupita kudera lina kapena ku ranchería.
Panali miyambo yapadera yokondwerera maholide akulu achikhristu. Pali zambiri za konkire zomwe zidachitikira ku Jalpan, nthawi yomwe a Junípero Serra amakhala, chifukwa cha wolemba Palou.
Khrisimasi iliyonse panali "colloquium" kapena sewerolo pa kubadwa kwa Yesu. Pa Lent yonse panali mapemphero apadera, maulaliki, ndi maulendo. Ku Corpus Christi kunali gulu pakati pa zipilala, ndi "... ma tchalitchi anayi omwe anali ndi matebulo awo oti Ambuye achite nawo Sakramenti". Momwemonso, panali madyerero apadera azikondwerero zina mchaka chonse chazachipembedzo.
Nthawi yokomera amishonale akumapiri inatha mu 1770, pomwe bishopu wamkulu adalamula kuti aperekedwe kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo. Gulu la mishoni lidapangidwa, m'zaka za zana la 18, ngati gawo lakusintha kophatikiza kwathunthu nzika zadongosolo la New Spain. Ndi kutengeka ndi maumishoni, madera oyanjana ndi zina zokolola zidasungidwa. A pames, kwa nthawi yoyamba, anali ndi udindo wopereka chakhumi ku arkidayosizi komanso misonkho ku Korona. Chaka chotsatira, gawo labwino la Pames linali litachoka kale ku mishoni, kubwerera kumizinda yawo yakale kumapiri. Mishoni zomwe zidasiyidwa zidagwa. Kupezeka kwa amishonale ochokera ku Colegio de San Fernando kunangochitika zaka zisanu zokha. Monga mboni za gawo lolanda dziko la Sierra Gorda, pali magulu akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi omwe tsopano akuyambitsa chidwi ndi kudzutsa chidwi chofuna kuphunzira za ntchito ya anthu ngati Fray Junípero Serra.
Gwero: Mexico mu Time No. 24 Meyi-June 1998
