Chinsanja chapatali chimatigwira chifukwa sichimawoneka ngati tchalitchi. Tikupita ku Guanajuato pamsewu waukulu wa San Luis Potosí-Dolores Hidalgo, pamseu wa San Felipe Torres Mochas, ndipo nsanjayo ikuwoneka kuti ilibe malo.
Mwadzidzidzi, kutsatsa m'mbali mwa mseu kukuwonetsa kuyandikira kwa famu ya Jaral de Berrio; Chidwi chimatipambana ndipo timatenga njira yafumbi kuti tiwone nsanjayo. Titafika, timadabwa ndi dziko losayembekezereka, lopanda zenizeni: pamaso pathu pakuwoneka nyumba yayikulu yokhala ndi mbali yayitali, nkhokwe, nyumba ya pafamu, tchalitchi, tchalitchi ndi nsanja ziwiri zomwe zomangamanga ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe tidazolowera mtundu wa nyumba. Umu ndi momwe tidafika ku Jaral de Berrio, yomwe ili m'boma la San Felipe, Guanajuato.
Zakale zokongola
Poyambirira, madera amenewa amakhala Amwenye achi Guachichil ndipo olowa atsamunda atafika, adawasandutsa malo odyetserako ziweto komanso famu ya alimi. Mbiri zoyambirira za chigwa cha Jaral zidalembedwa kuyambira 1592, ndipo pofika 1613 mwini wake wachiwiri, Martín Ruiz de Zavala, adayamba kumanga. Zaka zimadutsa ndipo eni amapindula wina ndi mnzake pogula kapena cholowa. Mwa awa, Dámaso de Saldívar (1688) adadziwika, yemwenso anali ndi malo omwe pali maofesi apakati a National Bank of Mexico. Mwazina, bambo uyu adathandizira ndi ndalama pamaulendo odabwitsa koma owopsa omwe anapangidwa nthawi imeneyo kumpoto kwa New Spain.
Berrio woyamba kufika pa hacienda iyi anali Andrés de Berrio, yemwe atakwatirana ndi Joseph Teresa de Saldivar mu 1694 adakhala mwini.
Jaral de Berrio hacienda inali yopindulitsa kwambiri kotero kuti anthu omwe anali nayo adakhala ena mwa anthu olemera kwambiri m'nthawi yawo, mpaka kupatsidwa ulemu wapamwamba wa marquis. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi Miguel de Berrio, yemwe mu 1749 adakhala mwini wa 99 haciendas, Jaral kukhala wofunikira kwambiri mwa iwo komanso china chake ngati likulu la dziko "laling'ono". Ndidayamba naye kugulitsa zopangidwa kuchokera ku hacienda m'matawuni ena, kuphatikiza Mexico.
Zaka zidapitilira kupitilira ndipo bonanza idapitilira malowa Juan Nepomuceno de Moncada y Berrio, wachitatu Marquis waku Jaral de Berrio, anali munthu wolemera kwambiri ku Mexico nthawi yake komanso m'modzi mwa eni malo akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi malinga ndi a Henry George Ward, nduna yaku England mu 1827. Zimanenedwa kuti marquis uyu anali ndi ana 99 ndipo aliyense wa iwo adampatsa malo.
Juan Nepomuceno adamenya nawo nkhondo yodziyimira pawokha, adakwezedwa kukhala Colonel ndi Viceroy Francisco Xavier Venegas, ndikupanga gulu lankhondo la anthu wamba ochokera ku hacienda yotchedwa "Dragones de Moncada" ndipo anali womaliza kukhala ndi dzina la Berrio, kuyambira kuyambira pamenepo onse anali Moncada.
Aliyense wa eni ake anali kuwonjezera nyumba ku hacienda, ndipo ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kusiyanasiyana kwa mapangidwe ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosangalatsa. Nthawi zina, anali antchito omwe, ndi ndalama zawo, ankachita pang'ono. Izi ndi zomwe zidachitika ndi imodzi mwazida zazikulu za hacienda zomwe, mwa kuyesayesa kwake, idayamba kupanga tchalitchi choperekedwa kwa Our Lady of Mercy mu 1816. Pambuyo pake, monga cholumikizira, Don Juan Nepomuceno adamumangira chapemphelo ndi banja lake.
Popita nthawi, hacienda idapitilizabe kukula pachuma, kutchuka, komanso kufunikira, ndipo magueyales ake opatsa zipatso adapereka mafakitale a mezcal a La Soledad, Melchor, De Zavala, ndi Rancho de San Francisco, komwe kuli ukadaulo wapamwamba koma nthawi zonse, masambawo adakhala zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Kupatula pakupanga ndi kugulitsa mezcal, famu ya Jaral inali ndi ntchito zina zofunika monga kupanga ufa wa mfuti, pomwe minda yawo ya nitrous ndi ya famu ya San Bartolo idagwiritsidwa ntchito. Agustín Moncada, mwana wa a Juan Nepomuceno, ankakonda kunena kuti: "bambo anga ali ndi maofesi awiri kapena mafakitale m'minda yawo yopangira mchere, komanso ali ndi malo ambiri, madzi, nkhuni, anthu ndi china chilichonse chokhudzana ndi kupanga mfuti."
Popeza kufunika kwa famuyo, njanji idadutsa theka la kilomita. Komabe, mzerewu pambuyo pake udafupikitsidwa kuti tisunge mtunda pakati pa Mexico ndi Nuevo Laredo.
Jaral hacienda ili ndi mbiri yabwino komanso yoyipa. Ena mwa iwo akuti Manuel Tolsá, wolemba chifanizo chokwera pamahatchi polemekeza Mfumu yaku Spain Carlos IV wodziwika bwino kuti "El Caballito", adatenga ngati kavalo wachitsanzo pafamu iyi yotchedwa "El Tambor".
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, pankhondo yodziyimira pawokha, a Francisco Javier Mina adatenga mwadzidzidzi ndikulanda chuma chomwe chidayikidwa mchipinda chapafupi ndi khitchini. Zofunkha zinali ndi matumba agolide a 140,000, mipiringidzo yasiliva, ndalama zochokera ku shopu ya ray, ng'ombe, nkhumba, nkhosa zamphongo, akavalo, nkhuku, ma jerky ndi chimanga.
Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake bambo wina dzina lake Laureano Miranda adayamba kukweza kukwezedwa kwa tawuni ya Jaral pagulu la tawuni, yomwe, modabwitsa, iyenera kutchedwa, Mina. Koma pempholi silinabale chipatso, chifukwa champhamvu ndi mphamvu ya eni hacienda, ndipo akuti a Marquis iwowo adalamula kuthamangitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa nyumba za onse omwe amalimbikitsa dzinali kusintha.
Kale m'zaka za zana lino, pomwe bonanza ikupitilirabe, Don Francisco Cayo de Moncada adalamula kuti nyumba yokongola kwambiri ya hacienda imangidwe: nyumba yayikulu ya neoclassical kapena nyumba zamakedzana zokhala ndi zipilala zaku Korinto, ma caryatids ake, ziwombankhanga zokongola, malaya ake abwino, nsanja zake ndi balustrade pamwamba.
Koma ndi Revolution kuwonongeka kwa malowo kudayamba chifukwa chamoto komanso kusiya koyamba. Pambuyo pake, panthawi yopanduka kwa Cedillo mu 1938, nyumba yayikulu idaphulitsidwa ndi ndege kuchokera mlengalenga, osawononga chilichonse; ndipo pamapeto pake kuyambira 1940 mpaka 1950, hacienda idagwa ndikumaliza kuwonongeka, ndi Dona Margarita Raigosa y Moncada kukhala mwini womaliza.
ZOCHITIKA ZABWINO
Pakalembedwe ka hacienda, pali nyumba zitatu zikuluzikulu zomwe zimatsatira kutsogolo kwa nyumbayi: yoyamba inali nyumba ya Don Francisco Cayo komanso yokongola kwambiri, yomwe inali ndi wotchi, imodzi yokhala ndi nsanja ziwiri. Chachiwiri chidamangidwa ndimiyala ndi miyala yosalala, yopanda zokongoletsera, yokhala ndi gazebo pansi yachiwiri, ndipo yachitatu idapangidwa ndimapangidwe amakono. Onse ali pansi awiri ndipo zitseko zawo zazikulu ndi mawindo zimayang'ana kum'mawa.
Ngakhale zinthu zili zomvetsa chisoni, paulendo wathu tidatha kuzindikira ukulu wakale wa hacienda iyi. Bwalo lapakati ndi kasupe wake salinso wowala monga momwe linalili m'masiku ake abwino kwambiri; Mapiko atatu ozungulira bwaloli ali ndi zipinda zingapo, zonse zasiya, zonunkha ndi guano njiwa, ndi matabwa awo owonongeka ndi njenjete komanso mawindo awo okhala ndi zotchinga. Chithunzichi chimabwerezedwa mchipinda chilichonse cha hacienda.
Mapiko akumadzulo a patio yapakati yomweyo ali ndi masitepe awiri owoneka bwino pomwe mutha kuwona mbali zina zazithunzi zomwe zidakongoletsa, zomwe zimakwera mpaka chipinda chachiwiri komwe zipinda zazikulu zimakutidwa ndi zojambula zaku Spain, pomwe maphwando akulu ndi zikondwerero zidachitikapo kale. zovina ndi nyimbo za oimba otchuka. Komanso pali chipinda chodyeramo chomwe chili ndi zotsalira za zokongoletsera zaku France komanso zokongoletsera, komwe kangapo chakudya chokoma adaperekedwera kukondwerera kukhalapo kwa wolamulira, kazembe kapena bishopu.
Timapitiliza kuyenda ndipo timadutsa chipinda chosambira chomwe mwa icho chokha chimaphwanya ndi imvi ndikukhumudwa kwa chilichonse chowonedwa. Palinso pabwino, penti yayikulu yamafuta yotchedwa La Ninfa del Baño, yojambulidwa mu 1891 ndi N. González, yomwe chifukwa cha utoto wake, kutsitsimuka kwake komanso kusalakwa kwathu kumatipangitsa kuiwala nthawi zina komwe tili. Komabe, mphepo yomwe imadutsa ming'alu ndikupangitsa mawindo otayirira kuti agwe amatikumbukira.
Kutsatira ulendowu tinalowa zipinda zochulukirapo, zonse momwe ziliri zomvetsa chisoni: zipinda zapansi, mabwalo, makonde, minda ya zipatso, zitseko zosafikako, makhoma opyapyala, migodi yokumbiramo, ndi mitengo youma; ndipo mwadzidzidzi timapeza mtundu pafupi ndi chipinda chosinthira nyumba ya winawake: thanki yamafuta, kanyumba kawailesi yakanema, oyaka moto, tchire ndi pichesi, ndi galu yemwe sachita mantha ndi kupezeka kwathu. Tikuganiza kuti manejala amakhala kumeneko, koma sitinamuwone.
Titadutsa chipata timadzipeza kumbuyo kwa hacienda. Kumeneko timawona zolimba zolimba, ndipo pamene tikuyenda kumpoto timadutsa chipata ndikufika ku fakitaleyo komwe kulibe makina ake opangidwa ku Philadelphia. Fakitale ya Mezcal kapena ya mfuti? Sitikudziwa motsimikiza ndipo palibe amene angatiuze. Malo osungira nyumba ndi aakulu koma opanda kanthu; mphepo ndi kulira kwa mileme kumasokoneza chete.
Titayenda mtunda wautali timadutsa pazenera ndipo, osadziwa momwe tingadziwire, tazindikira kuti tabwerera kunyumba yayikulu kudzera mchipinda chamdima kwambiri chomwe pakona imodzi chimakhala ndi masitepe oyenda bwino osungidwa bwino amitengo. Tinakwera masitepe ndipo tinafika kuchipinda choyandikana ndi chipinda chodyera; ndiye timabwerera kubwalo lapakati, kutsika masitepe awiri ndikukonzekera kuchoka.
Maola angapo apita, koma sitikumva kutopa. Kuti tichoke timayang'ana manejala, koma samapezeka paliponse. Timakweza chitseko pakhomo ndikubwerera pakadali pano, ndipo titapuma bwino timayendera tchalitchi, tchalitchi ndi nkhokwe. Ndipo timaliza kuyenda kwathu kwakanthawi m'mbiri, kudutsa ma labyrinths a famu yosiyana kwambiri ndi enawo; mwina waukulu kwambiri ku Mexico wachikoloni.
MTSOGOLO WOLONJEZA
Kuyankhula ndi anthu mchihema komanso kutchalitchi timaphunzira zambiri za Jaral de Berrio. Kumeneko tidazindikira kuti pali mabanja ena 300 omwe akukhala mu ejido, pakuchepa kwa zinthu zawo, kudikirira kwanthawi yayitali chithandizo chamankhwala ndi sitima yomwe idasiya kuyendera maiko zaka zambiri zapitazo. Koma chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndikuti adatiuza za projekiti yomwe ikufunika kuti famuyi ikhale malo oyendera alendo ndi zonse zamakono koma zolemekeza mamangidwe ake. Padzakhala zipinda zamisonkhano, maiwe, malo odyera, maulendo akale, kukwera pamahatchi ndi zina zambiri. Ntchitoyi mosakayikira ipindulira anthu akumaloko ndi mwayi watsopano wa ntchito komanso ndalama zowonjezera, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zikuyendetsedwa ndi kampani yakunja yomwe ikuyang'aniridwa ndi INAH.
Timabwerera pagalimoto ndipo tikabwerera kunjirako timawona sitima yaying'ono koma yoyimira, yomwe, monga chikumbutso cha nthawi zakale, idali yayitali. Tikupita kumalo atsopano, koma chithunzi cha malo osangalatsawa chidzakhala nafe kwanthawi yayitali.
Mumpingo muli buku logulitsa mbiri ya hacienda iyi yotchedwa Jaral de Berrio y su Marquesado, yolembedwa ndi P. Ibarra Grande, yomwe ili yosangalatsa kwambiri pazopezeka ndipo yatithandizira kuti tipeze mbiri yakale yomwe ikupezeka m'nkhaniyi .
NGATI MUPITA KU JARAL DE BERRIO
Kubwera kuchokera ku San Luis Potosí, tengani msewu wapakati wopita ku Querétaro, ndipo ma kilomita angapo kutsogolo mutembenukire kumanja kulowera ku Villa de Reyes, kukafika ku Jaral del Berrio, womwe uli pamtunda wa makilomita 20 kuchokera pano.
Ngati mukuchokera ku Guanajuato, tengani msewu waukulu wopita ku Dolores Hidalgo ndikupita ku San Felipe, komwe hacienda ili pamtunda wa makilomita 25.
Ntchito zama hotelo, telefoni, mafuta, makina, ndi zina zambiri. amawapeza ku San Felipe kapena Villa de Reyes.
