Mmodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri ku Mexico osadziwika mosakayikira ndi chilumba cha Angel de la Guarda. Ili m'nyanja ya Cortez, ili ndi 895 km, chilumba chachiwiri chachikulu m'nyanjayi.
Amapangidwa ndi gulu lalikulu lamapiri lomwe limachokera kunyanja, ndikufikira kutalika kwake (1315 mita pamwamba pa nyanja) pafupi ndi kumpoto. Dera lokalalikalo limapanga malo osaneneka osiyanasiyana, momwe nyimbo za sepia zimakhalira chifukwa chouma kwa malowa.
Ili pamtunda wa makilomita 33 kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa tawuni ya Bahía de los Ángeles, ku Baja California, imasiyanitsidwa ndi kontrakitala ndi Canal de Ballenas yakuya, yomwe ili ndi 13 km m'lifupi mwake, ndipo imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa anamgumi osiyanasiyana, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi nsomba zam'madzi kapena zomaliza (Balenoptera physalus) yomwe imangopitilira kukula kwake ndi nsomba yamtambo; Ichi ndichifukwa chake gawo ili la nyanja limadziwika kuti Channel of Whale. Chuma chochuluka cha madzi awa chimalola kuti nyama zam'madzi zazikuluzikulu izi zikhalepo, zomwe zimadya chaka chonse ndikuberekana osasamukira kukasaka chakudya, monga madera ena.
Zimakhalanso zachizoloŵezi kuona magulu akuluakulu a dolphin osiyanasiyana omwe amabwera m'mbali mwa chilumbacho; mitundu yochuluka kwambiri, ya dolphin wamba (Delphinus delphis), imadziwika pakupanga gulu lalikulu la nyama mazana; Palinso dolphin yotchedwa bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), yomwe imasangalatsa alendo obwera kuma dolphinariums ndi ma acrobatics. Omalizawa mwina ndi gulu lokhalamo.
Mkango wamba wamba (Zalophus californianus) ndi m'modzi mwa alendo odziwika kwambiri a Guardian Angel. Akuyerekeza kuti munyengo yobereka kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kumaimira 12% ya zonse zomwe zilipo ku Gulf of California yonse. Amagawidwa makamaka m'mikulu ikuluikulu iwiri: Los Cantiles, yomwe ili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwambiri, yomwe imagawa nyama pafupifupi 1,100, ndi Los Machos, komwe anthu pafupifupi 1600 adalembetsedwa, omwe ali mkatikati mwa West Coast.
Nyama zina zomwe zimakhala pachilumbachi ndi makoswe, mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mbewa ndi mileme; Omalizawa sakudziwa ngati amakhala chaka chonse kapena amangokhala nyengo zokha. Muthanso kupeza mitundu 15 ya zokwawa, kuphatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka (mawu omwe amadziwika ndi malo apadera), rattlesnake wodziwika (Crotalus michaelis angelensis) ndi red rattlesnake (Crotalus) ruber angelensis).
Ángel de la Guarda ndiwonso malo akumwamba okonda mbalame, omwe amatha kupeza komwe kulibe. Mwa zina zomwe zimakopa chidwi cha kukongola kwawo titha kutchula za mphalapala, mbalame zotchedwa hummingbird, akadzidzi, akhwangwala, ma boobies ndi nkhanu.
Akatswiri a botolo amathanso kukhutiritsa zokonda zawo, popeza mitengo yambiri yokongola kwambiri m'chipululu cha Sonoran imawoneka, osati zokhazo: chilumbachi chili ndi mitundu isanu yokha.
Zikuwoneka kuti munthu sanakhalepo konse mu Guardian Angel; kupezeka kwa a Seris ndipo mwina a Cochimíes adangolekezera kukacheza kwakanthawi posaka ndi kusonkhanitsa mbewu. Mu 1539 Captain Francisco de Ulloa adafika ku Ángel de la Guarda, koma chifukwa kudali kovuta kwambiri sanayesenso kulanda atsamunda.
Potengera mphekesera zakuti moto woyaka moto udawonedwa pachilumbachi, mu 1965 a Jesuit Wenceslao Link (omwe anayambitsa ntchito ya San Francisco de Borja) adayendera magombe ake, koma sanapeze okhala kapena zotsalira, zomwe amati ndi kusowa kwa madzi , zomwe sanayesere kulowa kuti adziwe chilumbachi.
Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana lino malowa adakhalako kwakanthawi ndi asodzi komanso osaka. Mu 1880, mikango yam'nyanja idazunzidwa kale, kuti apeze mafuta, khungu ndi nyama. M'zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi, adatulutsa mafuta amtundu wokha, ndi cholinga chokha chochepetsera mafuta a chiwindi cha shark, kotero kuti 80% ya nyamayo idawonongeka, ndikupangitsa mimbulu yosaka kukhala yopanda pake komanso yosafunikira.
Pakadali pano, misasa ya asodzi a nkhaka za m'nyanja imakhazikitsidwa kwakanthawi, komanso asodzi a nsomba za mtundu wina ndi zina. Popeza ena mwa iwo sakudziwa za ngozi yomwe izi zikuyimira pakusamalira zamoyozi, amasaka mimbulu kuti izigwiritsa ntchito ngati nyambo, ndipo ena amaika maukonde awo m'malo momwe mumakhala nyama zambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti azikodwa. ndipo chifukwa chake pali kuchuluka kwakufa.
Pakadali pano, mabwato omwe ali ndi "asodzi amasewera" akuchulukirachulukira, omwe amaima pachilumbachi kuti adziwe ndikutenga chithunzi chapafupi ndi mikango yam'nyanja, yomwe ikapanda kulamulidwa itha kusokoneza machitidwe oberekera a nyama izi ndikupangitsa zimakhudza anthu.
Alendo ena omwe amabwera ku Ángel de la Guarda ndi gulu la ofufuza komanso ophunzira ochokera ku Marine Mammal Laboratory a Faculty of Science a UNAM, omwe kuyambira 1985 amachita maphunziro a mikango yam'nyanja, kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti, chifukwa nthawi yobereka kwake. Osati zokhazo, koma mothandizidwa ndi Gulu Lankhondo Laku Mexico amakulitsa kufufuzidwa kwa nyama izi kuzilumba zosiyanasiyana za Nyanja ya Cortez.
Posachedwa, komanso chifukwa chakofunikira kwa zachilengedwezi, Angel de la Guarda Island Biosphere Reserve idalamulidwa. Gawo loyambali lakhala lofunika kwambiri, koma silo yankho lokhalo, chifukwa ndikofunikiranso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu monga kuwongolera ndi kusunga zombo; mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito zokwanira zausodzi, ndi zina zambiri. Komabe, yankho sikuthetsa mavuto, koma kuwaletsa kudzera m'maphunziro, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wasayansi kuti athandizire kuwongolera moyenera zinthu zofunikira izi.
Chitsime: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 226 / Disembala 1995
