Pokhala ndi mabuloni ambirimbiri, ma boleros osatopa ndi masilindala ofunitsitsa kuonekera, Alameda ndiolandilidwa ndi oyenda, ana, okonda komanso omwe, chifukwa chofuna kuchita bwino, amakhala pabenchi.
Ngakhale ndizoletsedwa kuponda pa udzu, wobiriwira amakupemphani kuti mupumule ndikuwonetseratu zomwe mwapanga Lamlungu ndi tchuthi: thupi losambitsidwa, tsitsi lonunkhira komanso chovala chowala (chatsopano chatsopano) chimakondweretsa chisangalalo pamalo opingasa, pamenepo pafupi ndi chithunzi yoyera yomwe imawoneka yamanyazi mu maliseche ake, akusisita nkhunda itakakamira pachifuwa chamwala. Kupitilira apo, omenyera nkhondo awiri amakonzekera nkhondoyi modzitchinjiriza m'njira zoyera kwambiri. Mwadzidzidzi, patsogolo pawo, mtsikana amathamanga kudutsa, akugwedeza pinki ya "thonje" yochulukirapo, yomwe patali imasanduka malo amanyazi pang'ono, kukhala kanthawi kochepa.
Ndipo patsiku lotentha la 12:00 masana, pomwe mwambo wamapeto a sabata umakwaniritsidwa, zikuwoneka kuti Alameda nthawi zonse amakhala motere; kuti ndi mawonekedwe amenewo ndi moyo umene anabadwa nawo adzafa nawo. Chochitika chodabwitsa chokha, kusamvana komwe kumaphwanya nyimbo yoyikidwayo: chivomerezi, chiwonongeko cha ziboliboli, chiwonetsero chotsutsa, kuwukira munthu wodutsa usiku, kumapangitsa wina kudabwa ngati nthawi sinadutse Alameda.
Kukumbukira kwakale komwe kumamangidwanso kudzera m'malamulo, mbali, makalata, nkhani za apaulendo, malipoti, mapulani, zojambula ndi zithunzi zikuwonetsa kuti zotsatira za nthawi m'moyo wa anthu zasintha mawonekedwe a Alameda. Mbiri yake yakale idayamba m'zaka za zana la 16th, pa Januware 11, 1592, a Luis de Velasco II adalamula kuti kumangidwe kakhwalala kunja kwa tawuni komwe, mwachiwonekere, popula ankayenera kubzalidwa, womwe pamapeto pake unadzakhala mitengo ya phulusa.
Tikuwona kuti ndiulendo woyamba waku Mexico, anthu apamwamba a gulu latsopanoli ku Spain amasonkhana m'munda wa labyrinthine. Kuti anthu opanda nsapato asawonongeke zobiriwira za olemera, m'zaka za zana la 18th mpanda udayikidwa m'mbali mwake. Kunalinso kumapeto kwa zaka zana lino (mu 1784) pomwe kayendedwe ka magalimoto omwe ankadutsa misewu yake patchuthi adayendetsedwa, atakhala ndi kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa magalimoto mumzinda likulu: mazana asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi atatu kudza asanu ndi awiri . Ngati aliyense angakayikire kuti munthu ameneyu ndi wowona, aboma adalengeza kuti anthu omwe adapeza chidziwitsocho ndi odalirika.
Ndi zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, makono ndi chikhalidwe zidalanda Alameda: yoyamba ngati chizindikiro chopita patsogolo ndipo chachiwiri ngati chizindikiro cha kutchuka, zifukwa ziwiri zakukhulupirira mtsogolo zomwe anthu omasulidwa kumene akufuna. Pachifukwa ichi, mitengo idabzalidwa kangapo, mabenchi adayikidwapo, malo omwera ndi ayisikilimu adamangidwa ndikuwunikira bwino.
Magulu ankhondo adakulitsanso chisangalalo cha pakiyo ndipo maambulera adachita chidwi pomwe kenako adasunthira kubedwa kapena mpango, ndipo adabwerako kuchokera kumapeto kwa ndodo. Lord Regidor de Paseos, woyenda mwamphamvu ndi ofesi yake yoyang'anira matauni ndipo adapeza kutchuka chifukwa chakusintha kwazaka zambiri komanso malingaliro ake adagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsime zazitsimezo. Koma zotsutsazo zidatsutsana ndi mikangano yowawa pomwe chikhalidwe chidatenga mawonekedwe a Venus, popeza gulu lopembedza la Porfirian silinazindikire kukongola koma kusowa kwa zovala za mkazi wamaliseche uja paki ndikuwona onse. M'malo mwake, mchaka cha 1890, chikhalidwe chinali kuyesetsa kulanda, ngakhale chinali dera laling'ono kwambiri, likulu lodziwika bwino la likulu.
Zolemba
Kale m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, titha kuyerekezera kuti malingaliro opangira chovala chobwezeretsa thupi la munthu asintha, kuti kuphunzitsidwanso kwa nzika zopitilira sukulu ndi kunyumba, m'malo owonetsera makanema kapena kunyumba pamaso pawayilesi yakanema, yatsegulira chidwi cha kukongola kwa chilankhulo chomwe malingaliro a ojambula amapereka malo ndi mawonekedwe amunthu. Ziboliboli zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zaka zambiri ku Alameda zimafotokoza izi. Omenyera nkhondo awiri omenyera nkhondo, theka lina atakutidwa ndi chipewa chomwe chimapachikidwa m'manja mwake ndipo china chamanyazi moona mtima, amagawana maziko a nkhalango ndi Venus ndi malingaliro osakhazikika omwe nsalu imachira ikaphimba kutsogolo kwa thupi lake, ndipo Anatinso kupezeka kwa nkhunda ziwiri.
Pakadali pano, pamiyala iwiri, yomwe ili pafupi ndi Avenida Juárez, pamakhala ziganizo za azimayi awiri omwe amakhala pamiyala ndi matupi awo mozondoka: m'modzi miyendo yake itapinda mpira ndi mikono yake moyandikira mutu wobisika mu mtima wachisoni; winayo, ali pamavuto chifukwa cha malingaliro osapita m'mbali olimbana ndi maunyolo omwe adamupatsa. Matupi awo samawoneka kuti amadabwitsa wodutsayo, sanayambitse chisangalalo kapena mkwiyo kwazaka zambiri; mophweka, kunyalanyaza kwapangitsa ziwerengerozi kudziko lapansi la zinthu zopanda malangizo kapena tanthauzo: zidutswa za marble ndipo ndi zomwezo. Komabe, zaka zonsezo poyera adadulidwa ziwalo, adataya zala zawo ndi mphuno; ndipo "graffiti" yoyipa idaphimba matupi a azimayi awiri obvutikayo otchedwa Désespoir ndi Malgré-Tout mu Chifalansa, motsatira kutembenuka kwa dziko lomwe adabadwira.
Choyipa chachikulu chidakokera Venus ku chiwonongeko chake chonse, chifukwa m'mawa wina idadzuka itawonongedwa ndi nyundo. Wamisala wokwiya? Palibe amene anayankha. Mwanjira zonse, zidutswa za Venus zidadetsa pansi pa Alameda wakale kwambiri. Kenako mwakachetechete, zidutswazo zinasowa. Chosangalatsa cha corpus chinatha posachedwa. Mkazi wopanda nzeru wojambulidwa ku Roma ndi wosema pafupifupi mwana: Tomás Pérez, wophunzira wa Academy of San Carlos, adatumizidwa ku Roma, malinga ndi pulogalamu ya opuma pantchito, kuti adzikwaniritse ku Academy of San Lucas, wopambana kwambiri padziko lapansi, likulu la zaluso zakale pomwe ojambula aku Germany, Russian, Danish, Sweden, Spanish, adafika ndipo, bwanji, aku Mexico omwe adayenera kubwerera kudzapereka ulemu ku dziko la Mexico.
Pérez adatengera Venus kuchokera kwa wolemba ziboliboli waku Italiya Gani mu 1854, ndipo monga chitsanzo cha kupita patsogolo kwake adatumiza ku Academy yake ku Mexico. Pambuyo pake, usiku umodzi, kuyesayesa kwake kudamwalira chifukwa chakubwerera m'mbuyo. Mzimu wofatsa kwambiri udatsagana ndi ziboliboli zinayi zotsalazo kuchokera paulendo wakale kupita komwe akupita, National Museum of Art. Kuyambira 1984 zidanenedwa m'manyuzipepala kuti INBA inali ndi cholinga chobisa ziboliboli zisanu (panali Venus) kuchokera ku Alameda kuti zibwezeretsedwe. Panali ena omwe adalemba kufunsa kuti kuchotsedwa kwawo sikuyenera kuyambitsa masoka akulu, ndipo omwe adadzudzula kuwonongeka kwawo kulangiza kuti DDF iwapereka ku INBA, kuyambira 1983 Institute idawonetsa chidwi chake pakuwapereka m'manja mwa akatswiri obwezeretsa. Pomaliza, mu 1986, kalata imatsimikizira kuti ziboliboli zomwe zidasungidwa kuyambira 1985 ku National Center for the Conservation of Artistic Works ya INBA sizibwereranso ku Alameda.
Lero iwo akhoza kuyamikiridwa mwangwiro kubwezeretsedwa mu National Museum of Art. Amakhala m'malo olandirira alendo, malo apakati pakati pa dziko lawo lakale panja ndi zipinda zowonetseramo za Museum, ndipo amasangalala ndi chisamaliro chosalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwawo. Mlendo akhoza kuzungulira modekha ntchito zonsezi, kwaulere, ndikuphunzira za mbiri yathu yaposachedwa. Omwe akumenyera nkhondo otalikirana, opangidwa ndi José María Labastida, akuwonetsa kukoma kofananako kotchuka kwambiri koyambirira kwa zaka za 19th. M'zaka zimenezo, mu 1824, Labastida atagwira ntchito ku Mexico Mint, adatumizidwa ndi Constituent Government ku Academy yotchuka ya San Carlos kuti akaphunzitse kuyimira kwamitundu itatu ndikubwerera kukapanga zipilala ndi zithunzi. zomwe mtundu watsopanowo umafunikira, pokhazikitsa zophiphiritsa zake ndikukweza ngwazi zake ndikufika pachimake m'mbiri yomwe idayenera kupangidwa. Pakati pa 1825 ndi 1835, pomwe anali ku Europe, Labastida adatumiza omenyera ku Mexico, omwe angaganizidwe kuti ndiwongopeka kwa amuna omwe amamenyera nkhondo dzikolo. Omenyera awiri amathandizidwa ndi chilankhulo chodekha, okhala ndi zofewa komanso malo osalala, amatolera pamitundu yonse yamwamuna wamwamuna.
Mosiyana ndi izi, ziwerengero zachikazi ziwirizi zimakonzanso chidwi cha gulu lakale laku Porfirian lomwe lidayang'ana ku France ngati ngwazi yamtsogolo, yotukuka komanso moyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Zonsezi zimabweretsa dziko lapansi pazikhalidwe zachikondi, kupweteka, kutaya mtima komanso kuzunzika. Jesús Contreras popereka moyo kwa Malgré-Tout cha m'ma 1898, ndi Agustín Ocampo popanga Désespoir mu 1900, amagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chomwe chimalankhula za thupi lachikazi - lomasulidwa kumapeto kwachiwiri ndi masukulu apamwamba, kuphatikiza akazi osalala ndi owuma, azimayi ovuta pamalo owuma. Kusiyanitsa komwe kumafunikira chidziwitso chakumverera kwanthawi yomweyo pazowunikira zomwe zimabwera pambuyo pake. Mosakayikira, mlendo adzamvanso kuitana komweko, kumbuyo kwa holoyo, poganizira za Aprés l’orgie wolemba Fidencio Nava, wosema maliboti wa fin-de-siècle yemwe wagwiranso ntchito ndi kukoma komweko kwa mayi yemwe adakomoka pantchito yake. Chithunzi chopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri chomwe, chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi Board of Trustees, chaka chino chakhala gawo lakutolera National Museum of Art.
Kuyitanidwa kukacheza ku Museum, kuyitanidwa kuti mudziwe zambiri za zaluso zaku Mexico, ndi awa nudes omwe amakhala mnyumba ndikutsanzira mkuwa kwawo kunatsalira ku Alameda.
