Dziwani mapanga awa, omwe ali kumwera kwa boma la Tabasco. Malo omwe angakudabwitseni ...
Kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri gulu la mapanga lidasanthula mkatikati mwa mapiri ake ndikupeza dziko losadziwika pomwe mdima wathunthu ukulamulira.
Tili mu malo a Murallón, zibowo zomwe zili pakhoma loyimirira mita 120 mu Grutas de Agua Blanca. Wofukula za m'mabwinja Jacobo Mugarte, atasanthula zidutswa za miphika ingapo yomwe idamwazika pansi, akuti: "Tsambali linali lodzaza ndi miyambo yayikulu, zomwe tikuwona zotsalira za zopereka", ndipo akutiwonetsa chidutswa cha chidutswa kuti m'mphepete mwake mumakhala ma notches angapo owoneka ngati theka la mwezi. "Chidutswachi chimakongoletsedwa ndi zala zazing'ono ndipo chimafanana ndi chofukizira chachikulu." Jacobo akubwezera chidutswacho pamalo ake ndikukweza mwala wamiyala. Pansi pa izi pali zidutswa zoumbidwa. "Malowa ndi akale kwambiri," akutero, "zinthu zonse zomwe zidalipo zidakwiriridwa ndi calcium carbonate ... Kwa anthu akale aku Mesoamerica, mapanga anali malo opatulika pomwe mulungu wamapiri amapembedzedwa. Zotsalirazi zimayambira pakati kapena kumapeto kwakale, mwina kuyambira zaka 600 mpaka 700 za nthawi yathu ino ”. Zotsalazo ndi 15 m kuchokera pakhomo lolowera.
Zikuwoneka kuti malowa, chifukwa chokhazikika paphiri, sanagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati malo opatulika komanso ngati malo owonera. Kuchokera m'mphepete mwake pali mawonekedwe osagonjetseka omwe amakhala pamtunda wopitilira 30 km ndipo akuphatikiza gawo la mapiri amatauni a Macuspana, Tacotalpa ndi Teapa, komanso gawo la zigwa za kumwera kwa Tabasco ndi Sierra Norte de Chiapas.
Ngakhale kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ziwiya zadothi kumakhazikika pakhomo la khoma, tikupeza kuti pali zidutswa zambiri zomwe zimabalalika mzipinda zinayi za grotto, m'mapazi ake ngakhale mumayendedwe ang'onoang'ono. Zoumbaumba ndizosiyanasiyana kwambiri potengera mtundu, kumaliza ndi mawonekedwe. Zidutswa zina zamphika zimaphatikizidwa ndi zomata ndi calcite yosalala.
Ndatsala pang'ono kumaliza mapulani apanga pomwe mnzanga Amaury Soler Pérez apeza theka la mphika. Chidutswacho chili mumsewu, kumbuyo kwa chipinda chapansi. Poganizira za zotsalirazo, zomwe sizinasinthe, popeza zidasiyidwa, zimandivuta kukhulupirira kuti zidali kale zaka mazana ambiri Christopher Columbus atafika m'mbali mwa America. Komabe, zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa kuti tili pamalo pomwe pali zambiri zoti tifufuze ndikupeza: ndi Agua Blanca State Park.
Pakiyi ili kumwera kwa boma la Tabasco, m'chigawo cha Macuspana. Dera lake ndi lodzidzimutsa mwadzidzidzi, lili ndi mapiri amiyala yamiyala, mitsinje ndi masamba osangalatsa otentha. Ili pakilomita 70 kutali ndi mzinda wa Villahermosa, pakiyi idadziwika kuti ndi malo achitetezo ku 1987.
Kwa alendo komanso gawo labwino la komweko, malowa amadziwika kuti Agua Blanca Spa ndi Waterfall, chifukwa chokopa kwambiri, mtsinje womwe umatuluka m'phanga ndipo umayenda pakati pamiyala, mumthunzi wamitengo ikuluikulu, ndikupanga mayiwe. , mitsinje yamadzi ndi mathithi okongola amadzi oyera, pomwe pakiyo imadziwika ndi dzina.
Kupatula mathithi ndi malo a Ixtac-HaNdi alendo ochepa okha omwe amadziwa zokongola komanso zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana zomwe pakiyi imasunga pa 2,025 ha pamtunda. Kuthekera kwakukula kwa zochitika zachilengedwe ndi zazikulu; Zomera zakutchire lalitali komanso nkhalango zobiriwira zobiriwira zomwe zimazungulira ndikuphimba ma calcareous massif zimapereka mwayi wabwino kwa wazachilengedwe, wosaka zithunzi kapena wokonda zachilengedwe. Ndikokwanira kungotsatira njira zomwe anthu am'deralo amagwiritsa ntchito kuti mupeze mitundu yambiri yazomera. Ndipo kwa iwo omwe akuyang'ana pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, ndizotheka kulowa munjirazo ndikupeza zinyama ndi zinyama za kumadera otentha. Komanso okonda masewera othamangitsa atha kupeza njira zina kuyambira paulendo wopita kukacheza pamakoma akulu ofukula.
Koma State Park si dera lamapiri chabe komanso nkhalango. Kwazaka zopitilira makumi awiri, zophulika zochepa: Pedro Garcíaconde Trelles, Ramiro Porter Núñez, Víctor Dorantes Casar, Peter Lord Atewell ndi ine, tasanthula mkatikati mwa mapiri ake ndikupeza dziko losadziwika, dziko la mawonekedwe osangalatsa komwe mdima wathunthu ukulamulira: a Dongosolo lamapanga loyera la White Water.
MITU YA IXTAC-HA
Kuti tidziwitse dziko lino ndi chithumwa komanso zinsinsi, tinaganiza zopanga kafukufuku angapo m'magulu anayi omwe amapanga dongosololi, kuyambira ndi phanga lakale kwambiri: phanga la Ixtac-Ha. Grotto iyi ndi yosavuta kupeza. Muyenera kutsatira mseu waukulu ndikukwera masitepe kuti mupeze khomo, mpata waukulu mamita 25 m'lifupi ndi 20 mita kutalika.
Grottoyi idakonzedwa posachedwa kuti alendo azigwiritsa ntchito poyenda ndi simenti ndi kuyatsa ponseponse, pomwe Don Hilario - yekhayo amene akutitsogolera komweko - amayang'anira kutsogolera alendo paulendo womwe umatenga mphindi 30 mpaka 40.
Ngakhale kuti dera lotseguka kwa anthu limangokhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a phanga, likuyimira kukongola kwake ndi kukongola kwake. Mukalowa m'phanga, mumabwera m'chipinda chachikulu kuchokera m'mene nyumba zitatu zimachokera. Malo oyenera amatsogolera kumalo ena kuthengo komwe pansi pake pamakutidwa ndi nkhono zikwizikwi. Pakatikati pazipindazi mumapita kuchipinda chachikulu komanso kutuluka komwe kumayang'ananso nkhalango. Chimodzi mwa izo chimalowera pamwamba pa phiri, padenga la phanga. Nyumba yachitatu, yomwe imagwirira ntchito alendo, ndi yayitali kwambiri, ndi 350 m kutalika ndipo ili ndi zipinda zitatu momwe alendo amatha kulingalira zodabwitsa.
Kutsatira msewu wopita kumalo osungira alendo tafika kuchipinda choyamba, chomwe chimakhala ndi holo yokhala ndi anthu pafupifupi mazana atatu. Pakati pa akatswiri odziwa zamatsenga amadziwika ndi dzina la "Concert Hall" chifukwa cha mawu ake omveka bwino komanso nyimbo zomwe zimachitika kumeneko ndi gulu la nyimbo zaku Latin America.
Kenako, timadutsa njira mita imodzi mulifupi, yotchedwa "Tunnel of the Wind" chifukwa cham'mpweya wabwino womwe umadutsa munyumbayo kuchokera kumapeto kwa phanga kupita mbali inayo. Tikafika kuchipinda chachiwiri tiyenera kumanzere kumaloko kwa calcite ndi pulasitala wokwera 12 m womwe umatsika kuchokera padenga kufika pansi. Chipinda chonse, kutalika kwa 40 m ndi kutalika kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 m, chakongoletsedwatu modabwitsa, china chachikulu kwambiri. Ma stalactites akulu a calcite oyera ndi aragonite amapachikidwa padenga, ndikupanga zikwangwani pamakoma. Timawona makatani, mbendera, mathithi, ndi zipilala, zina zimapukutidwa ndipo zina zimakhala ngati milu ya mbale. Palinso mitsinje, yomwe ndi malo omwe amapezeka m'mapanga, komanso ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana zomwe mayina awo amaperekedwa ndi malingaliro odziwika.
M'chipinda chachitatu ndi chomaliza timapeza nkhalango yamiyala. Ma stalagmites omwe apanga pansi ndi ma stalactites omwe amakhala padenga amapanga dziko lokongola lovuta kufotokoza. Ziwerengero zazikulu ngati makandulo osungunuka zimakwera mpaka kutalika kwa mita zingapo. Woyenda amangomaliza potuluka kunkhalango. Mlendo akangosangalala ndi malowa, amabwerera kudzera paulendo womwewo.
Pali madera ena osangalatsa omwe muyenera kuwunika. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuti mukonzekere ndi nyali, mababu ndi mabatire ena, ndikufunsani othandizira.
Kuyambira 1990, popeza idayendetsedwa ndi gulu la anthu ochokera ku Manatinero Ejido, Agua Blanca yatchuka kuti ndi amodzi mwa malo azisangalalo omwe ali ndi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa alendo komanso ali ndi chidwi chofuna kusunga ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe.
Dongosolo la Agua Blanca limangokhala gawo laling'ono kudera la karst la 10 km2 lokhala ndi mapanga ambirimbiri, pomwe amateur kapena akatswiri atha kupeza mbiri, zosangalatsa, zinsinsi, kapena kungopeza chidwi chofuna kudziwa zomwe zili mtsogolo, kapena kufotokozera Captain Kirk wochokera ku "Star Trek": "Fikani komwe sikunakhaleko munthu aliyense."
