Kwa zaka pafupifupi mazana atatu migodi ya New Spain inali ya a Creoles kapena aku Spain omwe amakhala ku Mexico, ndipo mpaka zaka zoyambirira zodziyimira panokha pomwe capital yachilendo idaloledwa kulowa migodi yaku Mexico.
Chifukwa chake, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, makampani aku Britain, France komanso makamaka North America anali kugwira ntchito m'maiko a Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí ndi Jalisco, mwa ena.
Makampani ena ayambiranso kugwiritsira ntchito migodi yakale, ena amatenga malo m'maboma angapo, ndipo enanso, posaka madipoziti atsopano, amafufuza madera akutali kwambiri mdzikolo ndikudziyika okha m'malo osafikika omwe, pakapita nthawi, pamapeto pake asiyidwa. Imodzi mwamasamba awa - omwe mbiri yawo sichidziwika - ndi mgodi wa Santa Fe, m'boma la Chiapas.
Kwa nzika zambiri zamderali malowa amadziwika kuti "La Mina", koma palibe amene akudziwa motsimikiza komwe adachokera.
Kuti tipite kumigodi, timadutsa njira yomwe imayambira ku El Beneficio, dera lomwe lili m'mbali mwa msewu waukulu wa feduro. 195, kumapiri a mapiri akumpoto a Chiapas.
Khomo lalikulu la Santa Fe ndichimbudzi chotalika 25 mita ndi 50 mita mulifupi, chosemedwa mwala wamoyo paphiri. Kukula kwake ndi kukongola kwake ndizapadera, mpaka kutipangitsa kukhulupirira kuti tili m'phanga lachilengedwe. Zipinda zina zimafikiridwa kuchokera pachimake chachikulu ndipo kuchokera mumakona angapo amalowera mkatikati.
Tili ndi tunnel makumi awiri otseguka pamagulu anayi, onsewo alibe zida, ndiye kuti, samathandizidwa ndi matabwa kapena matabwa, popeza adabooleredwa pamwala. Zina zimawoneka ngati zazikulu, zina ndizokuzira zazing'ono ndi ma tunnel akhungu. M'chipinda chamakona anayi timapeza mgodi wamgodi, womwe ndi mzere wolozera womwe anthu ogwira ntchito, zida ndi zida zawo adazipezera magawo ena kudzera m'makola. Kuyang'ana mkati kumawulula kuti pamamita eyiti kapena 10 mulingo wapansi umasefukira.
Ngakhale mgodiwo umafanana paphanga lina, kuwunika kwake kumabweretsa zoopsa zazikulu. Pomwe timayang'ana kumeneku tidapeza mapanga m'misewu ingapo. Kwa ena ndimeyi idasokonekera kwathunthu ndipo mwa ena pang'ono. Kuti mupitilize kuwunika ndikofunikira kudutsa mosamala.
Nyumba izi zimayeza pafupifupi mita ziwiri mulifupi ndi mita zina ziwiri kutalika ndipo sizachilendo kuti azisefukira, chifukwa kugumuka kwa nthaka kumagwira ntchito ngati madamu ndi madzi olowerera omwe amayikidwa motalika. Ndi madzi m'chiuno mwathu, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka pachifuwa, timadutsa labyrinth pomwe magawo amadzaza ndi magawo owuma amasinthasintha.
Pamwamba tidapeza ma calcium carbonate stalactites masentimita awiri kutalika ndi zopachika theka la mita pamakoma. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ma stalactites ofiira a emerald ndi dzimbiri, gushings, ndi stalagmites omwe amapangidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa mkuwa ndi chitsulo.
Tikawunika malo ozungulira, Don Bernardino akutiuza kuti: "tsatirani njirayo, muwoloke mlatho ndipo kumanzere mupeza mgodi wotchedwa La Providencia." Timatenga malangizowo ndipo posachedwa tatsala pang'ono kulowa pakhomo lalikulu.
Ngati fayilo ya Mgodi wa Santa Fe Ndi woyenera kuyamikiridwa, La Providencia iposa zonse zomwe amaganiza. Chipindacho ndichachikulu kwambiri, pansi pake pamakhala milingo ingapo, pomwe ma tunnel ndi tambirimbiri zimayambira mbali zosiyanasiyana. Tiyenera kudziwa kuwombera kwa La Providencia, ntchito yolimba komanso yokongola yomanga ndi makoma akuda ndi zipilala zaku Roma, kanayi kukula kwa Santa Fe.
A Pedro Garcíaconde Trelles akuyerekezera kuti mtengo wapano pomanga nyumbayi upitilira mapeso mamiliyoni atatu, zomwe zimatipatsa lingaliro lachuma champhamvu chomwe kampaniyo idapanga munthawi yake ndi ziyembekezo zomwe zidasungidwa.
Tikuyerekeza kuti pali ma tunnel pafupifupi makilomita awiri paliponse. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zatulutsidwa, titha kuganiza kuti uwu ndi mgodi wakale kwambiri, ndipo ngati tilingalira kuti tambirimbiri ndi zitseko zidatsegulidwa ndi nyundo ndi bala, ndikuti "bingu" lililonse-ndiko kuti, kuphulika kwa mlandu wa mfuti - analola kuti ogwira ntchito m'migodi apite patsogolo pa thanthwe la mita ndi theka, titha kulingalira kukula kwa khama lomwe lidayikidwa.
Tikamaphunzira malowa, ndimafunso. Kukula kwa ntchitoyi kukuwonetsa ntchito yayitali yomwe imafunikira gulu lonse la amuna, akatswiri, makina, zida zogwirira ntchito komanso zomangamanga kuti akonze mchere.
Pofuna kuthana ndi zosadziwika izi, tidatembenukira kwa okhala ku El Beneficio. Kumeneko tili ndi mwayi wokumana ndi a Antolín Flores Rosales, m'modzi mwa anthu ochepa omwe adatsala m'migodi, omwe avomera kuti atitsogolere.
"Malinga ndi zomwe okalamba akale adandiuza, Santa Fe anali wa kampani yaku England," akufotokoza a Don Antolín. Koma palibe amene akudziwa nthawi yomwe anali kuno. Akuti padali chigumula chachikulu chomwe chidatsekereza anthu ambiri ndichifukwa chake adachoka. Nditafika ku Chiapas mu 1948, nayi inali nkhalango yeniyeni. Panthawiyo kampani ya La Nahuyaca idakhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zitatu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa, siliva ndi golide.
Adabweretsa antchito oyenerera ndikukonzanso nyumba zina za ku England, adakhetsa zitsime, adapanga msewu wochokera mgodi wopita ku El Beneficio wonyamula mchere, ndikukonzanso msewu wopita ku Pichucalco. Monga momwe ndidadziwira kugwira ntchito m'migodi yasiliva yambiri ku Taxco, ku Guerrero, ndidayamba kugwira ntchito yoyendetsa njanji, mpaka Meyi 1951, pomwe mgodi udasiya kugwira ntchito mwachidziwikire chifukwa cha mavuto amgwirizanowu komanso chifukwa kukonza misewu kudali kale zinali zotsika mtengo ”.
Don Antolín akutulutsa chikwanje chake ndipo mwachangu kwambiri kwazaka zake 78, akulowa munjira yotsetsereka. Tikukwera phiri tikuwona polowera ngalande zingapo. "Ngalandezi zidatsegulidwa ndi kampani ya Alfredo Sánchez Flores, yomwe imagwira ntchito pano kuyambira 1953 mpaka 1956," akufotokoza a Don Antolín, "ndiye kuti makampani a Serralvo ndi Corzo adafika, akugwira ntchito zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu ndikupuma pantchito chifukwa chosadziwa bizinesi.
Omwe anali mgulu la Mining Development adasanthula ntchito zina mpaka zaka zapakati pa makumi asanu ndi awiri, pomwe zonse zidasiyidwa " Wotsogolera akuima patsogolo pa dzenje ndikuwonetsa kuti: "Uwu ndi Mgodi Wamkuwa." Timayatsa nyali ndikulowa m'malo owonekera. Mpweya wamphamvu ukutitengera pakamwa pa kuwombera kwakuya mita 40. Ma pulleys ndi winch adasulidwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Don Antolín akukumbukira kuti: “Anthu awiri ogwira ntchito m'migodi anaphedwa pafupi ndi mfuti. Kulakwitsa kudawataya miyoyo yawo ”. Ulendo wamawayilesi ena amatsimikizira kuti tili mgawo loyamba la Santa Fe.
Tinabwezeretsanso msewu ndipo Don Antolín anatitsogolera kudera lamatabwa lomwe lili pakati pa Santa Fe ndi La Providencia, komwe timapeza nyumba zomwazikana mahekitala awiri kapena atatu. Awo ndi nyumba zomwe a Chingerezi adazinena, zonse pansi, ndi khoma lamatope ndi mamitala anayi kutalika kwake ndi theka la mita.
Timayendera mabwinja amomwe kale inali nyumba yosungiramo katundu, chipinda choyesereramo, mphero, chipinda chosungunulira, ng'anjo yowunikira komanso nyumba zina khumi ndi ziwiri. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ndi momwe amasungira, ng'anjo yotentha, yomangidwa ndi njerwa zosanjikiza komanso ndi theka la migolo, imawonekera, komanso ngalande yolumikizira yolumikizana ndi shaft ya migodi yonse, womwe ndi ngalande yokhayo yokhala ndi matabwa ndi njanji zachitsulo.
Kodi omanga ake anali ndani? Ndi Peter Lord Atewell yemwe amapeza yankho: Santa Fe adalembetsa ku London pa Epulo 26, 1889, dzina lake Chiapas Mining Company komanso likulu la mapaundi 250 zikwi. Inagwira ntchito m'chigawo cha Chiapas kuyambira 1889 mpaka 1905.
Lero, tikamayendera nyumba zakale ndi tunnel zosemedwa m'phirimo, timachita chidwi ndi ulemu kwa amuna omwe adagwira ntchito yayikuluyi. Tangolingalirani mikhalidwe ndi zovuta zomwe adakumana nazo zaka zopitilira zana zapitazo pamalo omwe achokeratu pachikhalidwe, mkatikati mwa nkhalango.
Momwe mungapezere:
Ngati mukuyenda kuchokera mumzinda wa Villahermosa, Tabasco, muyenera kupita kumwera kwa boma pamsewu waukulu wa feduro ayi. 195. Mukamapita mukapeza matauni a Teapa-Pichucalco-Ixtacomitán-Solosuchiapa ndipo, pomaliza pake, El Beneficio. Ulendowu umakhala ndi maola awiri mtunda pafupifupi makilomita 100.
Apaulendo akuchoka ku Tuxtla Gutiérrez ayeneranso kutenga msewu waukulu wa feduro. 195, chakumatauni a Solosuchiapa. Njirayi imangopitilira 160 km ya misewu yayikulu, chifukwa chake zimatenga maola 4 pagalimoto kuti mufike ku El Beneficio. Poterepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizigona ku Pichucalco komwe kuli mahotela okhala ndi mpweya, malo odyera, ndi zina zambiri.
migodi mu chiapasmines ku Mexico mexicomineria
