Ndi chisakanizo chazipembedzo zakuya, syncretism ndi utoto wambiri, umodzi mwamatauni a Otomí omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chachitali kwambiri amakhala ndi chikondwerero chake pa Julayi 25, omwe amapezeka ndi oyandikana nawo ochokera kumwera konse kwa Querétaro.
Ndi chisakanizo chazipembedzo zakuya, syncretism ndi utoto wambiri, m'modzi mwa anthu a ku Otomi omwe ali ndi miyambo yayitali kwambiri amakhala ndi chikondwerero chake pa Julayi 25, omwe amapezeka ndi oyandikana nawo ochokera kumwera konse kwa Querétaro.
Nkhunguyo idakhazikika kwambiri pazigwa zobiriwira komanso m'mapiri a maseru a Amealco pomwe timayenda mozungulira msewu. -Kodi Don akupita kuti? Dalaivala amafunsa nthawi zonse akaima kulongeza ma passenger. Ndikupita ku Santiago. - Pitani mwachangu, tikupita.
Galimoto yonyamula anthu onse imanyamula ndikutsitsa anthu tikamadutsa m'minda, ngakhale ambiri a ife timapita kuphwando la Mtumwi Santiago. Kunali koyambirira, kuzizira kudalowerera kwambiri ndipo ku Plaza de Santiago Mexquititlán gulu la nyimbo zaku ranchera linafika kuchokera ku Michoacán yoyandikana linali kusewera mwamphamvu ngakhale pomwe okhawo omwe anali pamenepo anali omwe amayang'anira kusesa tchalitchi.
Malire a Michoacán ndi State of Mexico, Santiago Mexquititlán ndi anthu 16,000 okhala ku Otomí omwe amakhala kumwera kwa boma la Querétaro. Nzika zake zimagawidwa m'magawo asanu ndi limodzi omwe amapanga gawoli, lomwe ndi Barrio Centro, komwe kuli tchalitchi ndi manda.
Pali mitundu iwiri pamaziko ake. Malinga ndi katswiri wamaphunziro a anthu Lydia van der Fliert, madera omwe asanakhaleko ku Spain adakhazikitsidwa ku 1520 ndipo anali m'chigawo cha Xilotepec; Mtundu wina umatiuza kuti dera lino lidapangidwa ndi anthu wamba ochokera ku chigwa cha Mezquital, Hidalgo, chomwe chingagwirizane ndi tanthauzo lake mchilankhulo cha Nahuatl, chomwe chimatanthauza malo pakati pa mesquite.
Kachisi WABWINO WOCHULUKA
Ndinapita molunjika mkati mwa kachisi, pomwe mdima umasiyana ndi maguwa amitundu yambiri, omwe kuphatikiza pakupaka pinki, wachikaso ndi wofiira, adapereka maluwa ndi makandulo ambirimbiri okongoletsedwa ndi mapepala akuda a china. Zithunzi zachipembedzo zazikulu zofananira zimayikidwa m'mbali mwa kanjira ndi pa guwa lansembe lalikulu la Santiago Apóstol yemwe amatsogolera malowo. Mlengalenga amatha kudula ndi mpeni, popeza utsi wochokera kufukizo womwe udawonjezeredwa m'mapemphero udakuta chilichonse mozungulira.
Amuna ndi akazi amabwera ndikutuluka pakhomo lakumbali, ali otanganidwa kusesa, kukonza guwa, ndikukonzekera chilichonse pachikondwererochi. Kupitilira mkati, mdima komanso pafupifupi wobisika, guwa lansembe loyatsidwa ndi makandulo mazana ambiri linasamalidwa bwino; Linali guwa la a mayordomos, omwe panthawiyo adamaliza mlonda wopempha kuyanjidwa mchilankhulo cha Otomí -ñöñhö, hñäñho kapena ñhäñhä– kuchokera kwa Namwali wa Guadalupe. Nditawerama pakona ndikuyesera kuti ndisawoneke, ndidasangalala pomwe oyang'anirawo adakonza zonse za chipanichi ndikupereka ntchito kwa oyendetsa ndege, omwe amayika dongosolo panthawi yopereka kwa oyera mtima. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, tchalitchi cha tchalitchicho chinayamba kudzaza ndi akhristu ndipo mwadzidzidzi gulu la ovina zipolopolo linasokoneza bata la pempherolo popereka ulemu wawo kwa mtumwiyu.
Tsiku limenelo kunali chilungamo mtawuniyi. Masheya okazinga ndi masewera amakanema anali chisangalalo cha ana, koma mpesa wa nsalu, ziwiya zadothi, mabasiketi, miphika, mitsuko, nyali zooneka ngati nsanja zampingo ndi zina zambiri zomwe zidandisangalatsa nthawi yabwino.
Pofika nthawi yomwe mwambowu umatha, gulu la azimayi omwe adavala zovala zoyera kwambiri za Otomí a Amealco adayamba kuvina motsagana ndi ng'oma ndi vayolini pomwe amalola masiketi amitundu ndi maliboni azipewa omwe amapanga madiresi awo kaleidoscope yokongola yomwe idawuluka mlengalenga. Nthawi yomweyo gulu lomwe limapangidwa ndi mayordomos ochokera madera onse adatuluka mkatikati mwa kachisiyo atanyamula zifanizo zonse, kuphatikiza za a Santiago. Pambuyo pozungulira bwaloli, zithunzizo zidabwezedwa kukachisi kuti akwaniritse misa ya woyera mtima, yomwe imachitika pakati pa nyimbo, mapemphero ndi zofukiza zambiri.
ZONSE ZOYERA
Nthawi yomweyo, pachisangalalo china chidachitikira ku atrium. Oposa ana zana ochokera kumadera oyandikana nawo komanso ochokera ku Santiago momwemo, onse ovala masuti oyera, anali kupanga mgonero wawo woyamba. Misonkhano yonse itatha, akuluakulu amderalo ndi mayordomos omwe adachita nawo msonkhano adakumana kuti asinthe ma mayordomías ndi ma vassass, omwe ali ndiudindo wokonza ndikuwononga zolipira zikondwerero zotsatirazi za woyera mtima. Zokambiranazo zitatha bwino ndipo malonjezano adagwirizana, akuluakulu ndi alendo adadya nawo pomwe mikangano yomwe idachitika idasokonekera ndipo adasangalala ndi mole yokoma ndi nkhuku, mpunga wofiira, burro kapena nyemba za ayocote, ma tortilla atsopano. chopangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa pulque.
Pakadali pano, chisangalalo cha phwandolo chidapitilirabe mu sewerolo pomwe zozimitsa moto zinali zitakonzeka kuyatsa usiku. Santiago Apóstol, mkati mwamdima mkachisi wake, adapitilizabe kuperekedwa ndi okhulupirika, omwe adayika maluwa ndi mkate paguwa.
Kuzizira kunabweranso masana, ndipo limodzi ndi dzuwa nkhungu inagweranso m'midzi yomwe ili ponseponse mozungulira. Ndidakwera galimoto yonyamula anthu ndipo mzimayi adakhala pafupi nane, atanyamula chidutswa cha mkate wodala womwe udakhudza chifanizo cha mtumwiyu. Amutengera kunyumba kuti akachiritse zovuta zake zauzimu mpaka chaka chamawa, pomwe adzabwererenso kudzapembedzanso, Ambuye wake Woyera Santiago.
MITU YA BANJA
M'madera a Otomí a Amealco nyumba zopemphereramo mabanja zimamangirizidwa kapena kumizidwa m'nyumba, zambiri mwazomwe zidapangidwa m'zaka za zana la 18 ndi 19. Mkati mwake titha kuwona zithunzi zambiri zachipembedzo zomwe zidafotokozedweratu ku Spain komwe syncretism imawonekera, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi Blas Family chapel. Ndikotheka kukawachezera kokha ndi chilolezo cha atsogoleri am'banja kapena kusilira kope lokhulupirika lomwe limawonetsedwa mu chipinda cha anthu aku India ku Regional Museum of Querétaro.
Source: Unknown Mexico No. 329 / Julayi 2004
