Mexico ndi dziko lokhala ndi chuma chachilengedwe chomwe nthawi zina chimakhala chovuta kukhulupirira; Mwachitsanzo, zimangotenga mphindi makumi asanu panjira kuti mupite kuchokera kunyengo ndi chipale chofewa, kumadera otentha, ndi zomera zake zonse zobiriwira!
Malo osangalatsa awa, nyama ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala mdziko lathu makamaka chifukwa cha zifukwa ziwiri: choyamba, kuti gawo lathu lili mdera losinthira madera otentha ndi chipululu padziko lapansi; Chachiwiri ndikuti Mexico ili ndi malo ovuta kwambiri, kotero kuti kukwezeka kulikonse, chigwa chilichonse, phiri kapena chigwa chilichonse chimakhala ndi nyengo yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe imalimbikitsa kutukuka kwachilengedwe, kuchokera ku nkhalango zotentha kupita ku zipululu ndi madambo kapena nkhalango zazikulu. conifers; Zonsezi zimathandizira, popanda kukayika, kuti tipeze ukulu wa dziko lathu lokongolali.
Mexico ndi dziko lokhala ndi chuma chachilengedwe chomwe nthawi zina chimakhala chovuta kukhulupirira; Mwachitsanzo, zimangotenga mphindi makumi asanu panjira kuti mupite kuchokera kunyengo ndi chipale chofewa, kumadera otentha, ndi zomera zake zonse zobiriwira! Mitundu yosangalatsa ya nyengo, nyama ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala mdziko lathu makamaka chifukwa cha zifukwa ziwiri: choyamba, kuti gawo lathu lili mdera losintha pakati pa madera otentha ndi chipululu padziko lapansi; Chachiwiri ndikuti Mexico ili ndi malo ovuta kwambiri, kotero kuti kukwezeka kulikonse, chigwa chilichonse, phiri kapena chigwa chilichonse chimakhala ndi nyengo yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe imalimbikitsa kutukuka kwachilengedwe, kuchokera ku nkhalango zotentha kupita kuzipululu ndi kumapiri kapena nkhalango zazikulu. coniferous; Zonsezi zimathandizira, popanda kukayika, kuti tipeze ukulu wa dziko lathu lokongolali.
Nkhalango yamvula
Imadziwikanso kuti nkhalango yotentha, nkhalango yobiriwira nthawi zonse kapena nkhalango yobiriwira nthawi zonse, ndiye zamoyo zapadziko lapansi zokhala ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, popeza kuti mu kilomita imodzi yokha imatha kukhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera ndi nyama kuposa zomwe zimapezeka m'maiko ambiri aku Europe.
Chifukwa cha chinyezi komanso kutentha kwapamwamba kuposa 22 ° C komwe kumakhalapo m'nkhalango, komanso kumtunda komwe kumayenda pakati pa nyanja ndi 1,200 m, kuchuluka kodabwitsa komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa zomera, gwero la chakudya cha nyama zodabwitsa, bowa, mabakiteriya ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya moyo yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango.
Kulowa m'nkhalango yamvula ndichinthu chodabwitsa. Kuyenda kudutsa mumunsi mwa nkhalango kumatisungira zodabwitsa zambiri kwa ife, ndipo kumatilola ife, mwachitsanzo, kusirira mitengo yazaka zana zazitali kwambiri, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zikugwira thambo; nthawi zonse kumveka phokoso, squawks, screeches ndi nyimbo za mbalame zikwizikwi zomwe zimakhala mumikorona. Zonsezi, palimodzi, zimatipatsa chidziwitso chapadera komanso chotsimikizika kuti tazingidwa ndi moyo.
Kumalo: Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Puebla ndi San Luis Potosí.
Nkhalango zowuma
Imadziwikanso kuti nkhalango zotentha, nkhalango yam'munsi yam'munsi ndi zachilengedwe zokhala ndi zachilengedwe zambiri. Imakhazikitsidwa kuyambira kunyanja mpaka 1,900 m kutalika, ndipo nthawi zambiri imasakanizidwa ndi zigawo zazing'ono zamtchire, makamaka m'zigwa. Ili ndi nyengo yotentha chaka chonse, komanso nyengo yowuma yomwe imapangitsa kuti mitengoyo isafike pamwamba kwambiri ndikutaya masamba, chifukwa chakusowa kwa madzi. Tikuwona patali, chilengedwechi chimatisangalatsa ndimayendedwe ake achikaso, ocher ndi ofiira ofiira, osinthana ndi masamba komanso mitundu yambiri yamitengo momwemo; Mitengo yamitunduyi ikakhala yocheperako ndipo mitundu ya minga imalamulira, amatchedwa nkhalango yaminga.
M'nkhalango yotsika ndizotheka kupeza mitundu yayikulu yazachilengedwe yosinthidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mvula komwe kumachitika miyezi inayi mpaka isanu ndi umodzi yamadzi otsika; Chifukwa chake timapeza mbalame, zinyama, tizilombo, zokwawa ndi zamoyo zamitundu mitundu, pakati pa ena, ndikuti, monga pafupifupi zachilengedwe zonse, ndikofunikira kukhala oleza mtima pang'ono ndikuwonetsetsa kuti titha kusilira mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yawo .
Kumalo: Yucatán, Veracruz, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Puebla, Michoacán, Morelos, State of Mexico, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Durango, Chihuahua, Sonora, Zacatecas, Baja California Sur ndi Tamaulipas.
Xerophilous scrub
Chotupa cha xerophilous ndiye chilengedwe chochuluka kwambiri ku Republic lathu, chifukwa chifukwa cha mvula yochepa yomwe imapezeka m'gawo lathu, makamaka kumpoto, zamoyozi zitha kukhazikitsidwa m'malo ambiri. Nthawi zina amadziwika kuti chipululu. Chotupa cha xerophilous chimakhala ndi masamba ochepa, opangidwa ndi mbewu zosinthidwa ndi chilala, monga cacti, agave ndi tchire laling'ono lomwe lili ndi minga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala zachilendo. Ngakhale kusowa kumeneku, ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyama, monga njoka, iguana, tizilombo, arachnids, zinkhanira, mbalame, ndi mitundu ina yambiri yomwe imatha kukhala kumadera opanda madzi ochepa.
Pali mitundu ingapo yopukutira, kutengera mitundu yayikulu ya zomera, monga rosetophilic scrub, yolamulidwa ndi magueys amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe, kapena malo omwe cacti imakhalapo, kuphatikiza ziwalo zazikuluzikulu, zomwe zimauluka modzikuza kumwamba.
Kumalo: Oaxaca, Puebla, Hidalgo, Querétaro, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Sonora, Baja California Sur ndi Baja California.
Madera
Ku Mexico madera odyetserako udzu amadziwika kuti zacatales. Amakula pakati pa 1100 ndi 2 500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja ndipo amakula pafupifupi nthawi zonse zazitali (kupatula ma zacatales omwe ali m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri akulu), omwe zomera zake zazikulu zimapangidwa ndi zomera za banja laudzu , ndiye kuti, maudzu, omwe amakhala ngati chakudya cha mitundu yambiri yodyetsa, monga tizilombo, hares ndi makoswe, pakati pa ena. Nthawi zambiri, malo odyetserako ziweto amakhala m'malo omwe mvula imagwa pang'ono kapena nyengo yadzuwa, nthawi yomweyo nyengo yozizira. Popeza madera amatha kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya zomera, monga zitsamba, nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa ngati zitsamba.
Kumalo: Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango ndi Chihuahua.
Bosques de EncinoMexico ndi dziko lolemera kwambiri m'nkhalango, ndipo nkhalango ya oak imayimira gawo lalikulu la zomwe zikupezeka mdziko lathu. Zachilengedwe, zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi thundu kapena thundu, zimakhala ndi kutalika kosiyanasiyana, ndi mitengo kuyambira 3 kapena 4 m kutalika mpaka zitsanzo zazikulu za 20 m. Nkhalango ya oak yaku Mexico imakumbutsa za nkhalango zazikulu zaku North America, popeza mitengo iyi imasiya masamba awo munthawi yovuta, kujambula malowa ndi mitundu yambiri yamiyambo ya "yophukira", ngakhale m'dziko lathu kutayika kwamasamba Zimagwira bwino m'nyengo yozizira. Mitengo yambiri yamitengo imayamba kutalika pakati pa 1,500 ndi 2,800 mita pamwamba pa nyanja, ndi nyengo yomwe imapereka mvula yochulukirapo koma yocheperako, yomwe imalepheretsa zitsamba, ntchentche, ziphuphu komanso kukhalapo m'nkhalango. kuphatikizapo mbewu za epiphytic monga udzu ndi ma orchid. Zinyama ndizochuluka kwambiri, zili ndi ziweto zambiri, mbalame ndi zokwawa; Kuphatikiza apo, m'nkhalango zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri mumakhala mitsinje ndi nyanja zing'onozing'ono zomwe zadzetsa malo ambiri azisangalalo zokongola.
Kumalo: Amapezeka ku Republic konse, kupatula m'maboma a Yucatán, Quintana Roo ndi Campeche.
Nkhalango ya Coniferous Monga momwe dzina lake likusonyezera, m'zinthu zamtunduwu mitengo yomwe imaberekana pogwiritsa ntchito ma cones kapena "cones" imalamulira, monga mitengo ya mkungudza, mikungudza, oyamele ndi mphonje; Makamaka, mitengo yamtengo wapatali mdziko lathu ili ndi tanthauzo lapadera, chifukwa pano pafupifupi 40% yazosiyanasiyana zapadziko lonse lapansi za mitengo yowolowa manja imeneyi imakhala. Nyengo yotentha ndiyofunikira pakukula kwake, mvula imagwa nyengo yake, nthawi zambiri nthawi yotentha, yomwe imapangitsa nkhalango ya paini kusakanikirana ndi nkhalango ya oak nthawi zambiri, popeza onse amakhala mofanana, ngakhale wakale itha kukhala m'malo ozizira.
Mitengo ya paini siyilola kukula kwa zitsamba zochuluka chifukwa masamba ake amapanga nthaka ya asidi kwambiri, koma nkhalango yamtunduwu imakhala ndi nyama zambiri zamtchire, kuphatikizapo nyama monga akalulu ndi makoswe, mbalame, zokwawa ndi mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo zopanda mafupa. Mosakayikira, nkhalango ya paini, komanso yonse ya ma conifers, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri mdziko lathu chifukwa cha kukongola kwa mitengo yake, kulemera kwake kwa zinyama zake ndi kununkhira kwa mpweya womwe umapumidwa pamenepo.
Kumalo: Amapezeka ku Republic konse, kupatula m'maboma a Yucatán, Quintana Roo ndi Campeche.
Mountain Mesophilic Forest Mwinanso zachilengedwezi ndi chimodzi mwa zokongola kwambiri mdzikolo. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa mitengo yake ikuluikulu ndi mitengo ya sweetgum - yomwe imatha kufika mpaka 20 m-, komanso chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri komanso mvula yambiri chaka chonse, kuphatikiza nyengo yake yotentha, nkhalango ya mesophilic imakutidwa ndi moyo: ndere, Mosses, zitsamba, zitsamba ndi ma bromeliads angapo owoneka bwino, ma orchid ndi ma fern, kuyambira pazitsanzo zazing'ono mpaka pamitengo yayikulu yamitengo 10 mpaka 12 m kutalika. Ponena za nyama zake, m'nkhalango iyi titha kupeza nyama zamitundumitundu: mbalame zamitundumitundu, zinyama (hares, nkhandwe, agologolo), zokwawa, komanso pafupifupi zowerengera zina zonse. Mitundu yonseyi komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo zimapangitsa nkhalango mesophilic kukhala malo amatsenga padziko lapansi.
Kumalo: Chiapas, Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo ndi San Luis Potosí.
Mangroves Mitengo ya mangrove ndi mtundu wa zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zimakula bwino m'mbali mwa nyanja zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'malo otetezedwa, komanso mitsinje. Mtengo wa mangrove ndi chomera chake chomwe chimamera m'madzi osaya, ndipo chimatha kutalika kuchokera 2 mpaka 20 m. Popita nthawi, mitengo ya mangrove imapanga nkhalango zenizeni zomwe zimawoneka ngati zoyandama pamadzi, ngakhale mizu yake ili yolimba pansi pamatope. Mitengoyi ndi malo otetezera nyama zambirimbiri, kuchokera ku mbozi zing'onozing'ono komanso mbalame zazing'ono mpaka mbalame zokongola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mangowo akhale malo apadera komanso odabwitsa, pafupi ndi paradaiso wapadziko lapansi.
Malo: Amapezeka pagombe lonse la Republic, ngakhale sizinapitirire.
Miyala ya Coral
Miyala imadziwika bwino chifukwa cha zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana; kwenikweni, ndi zamoyo za m'madzi zomwe zili ndi zamoyo zambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana. Mphepete mwa nyanjayi ndi malo osangalatsa omizidwa, opangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa calcium carbonate yochitidwa ndi mamiliyoni a nyama zing'onozing'ono, ma coral, zomwe zimapereka malo okhala ndi ndere zosawerengeka, cholumikizira choyamba pagulu lazakudya lomwe limathandizira lalikulu kuchuluka kwa zamoyo. Kulowetsa m'miyala yam'madzi ndi chinthu chosagonjetseka, chifukwa mwadzidzidzi mwazunguliridwa ndi nsomba mamiliyoni ambiri, zosiyanasiyana monga zina zonse zosangalatsa komanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakongoletsa chilengedwechi.
Kumalo: Amapezeka kumadera onse a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kupatula Baja California, Sinaloa ndi Sonora, ngakhale kugawa kwawo sikufanana.
