Kudzipatula komwe anthu ena ku Mexico adakumana nako, komanso kusazindikira chikhalidwe chawo, zapangitsa kuti awonongeke pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina, kuwasiya kwathunthu ndikuwononga.
Huatlatlauca wavutika ndi izi; Komabe, imasungabe maumboni ofunikira, omanga, ojambula komanso zikhalidwe, komanso zongopeka, zikondwerero, miyambo yapakamwa ndi yamaluso yomwe idayamba kale ku Spain, mpaka lero, koma idanyalanyazidwa chifukwa chakutha kwawo. Ku Huatlatlauca, tawuni yaying'ono yomwe ili mdera lotentha komanso louma momwe laimu amakhala wochuluka, nthawi sikuwoneka kuti ikudutsa. Ndi ana, azimayi ndi okalamba okha omwe amawoneka pamenepo, pomwe amuna amasamuka nthawi ndi nthawi kukafunafuna ntchito.
Huatlatlauca ili kumapeto chakum'mawa kwa Atlixco Valley, kudera lotchedwa Poblana Plateau, patsinde pa phiri la Tentzo, phiri laling'ono lamapiri olimba, amiyala yamiyala komanso owuma omwe amapanga kukhumudwa komwe pansi pake pamakhala njira ya Mtsinje wa Atoyac. Chiwerengero cha anthu chili m'mbali mwa mtsinje.
Maonekedwe apano a Huatlatlauca siosiyana kwenikweni ndi zomwe mwina zidawonekera nthawi yayitali ya atsamunda. Popeza kudzipatula kwa anthu ammudzi, miyambo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu chisanachitike ku Spain akupitilizabe kuzika mizu. Theka la anthu amalankhula Chisipanishi ndipo theka linalo ndi "Mexico" (Nahuatl). Momwemonso, m'mapwando ena ofunikira misa imakondwererabe ku Nahuatl.
Mmodzi mwa zikondwerero zofunika kwambiri ku Huatlatlauca ndi womwe umakondwerera pa Januware 6, tsiku la Amagi Opatulika. Mayordomos asanu ndi amodzi, amodzi mdera lililonse, amayang'anira tsiku lililonse kubweretsa maluwa kukachisi ndikudyetsa khamu lonse, lomwe ng'ombe imaperekedwa nsembe tsiku lililonse. Masiku ano tawuni yadzaza ndi chisangalalo ndi nyimbo; pali jaripeo, kuvina kwa ma Moor ndi akhristu, komanso "Kutsika kwa mngelo", amasewera, sewero lotchuka lomwe lakhala likuchitika kwazaka zingapo kubwalo la kachisi wa Santa María de los Reyes. Ntchito yayikulu ya Huatlatlauca kuyambira nthawi zisanachitike ku Spain ndikupanga zinthu za kanjedza.
Lamlungu, komanso malinga ndi miyambo yakale yaku Mesoamerican, tianguis imayikidwa pabwalo lalikulu la tawuniyi, komwe malonda ochokera kumadera oyandikana nawo amagulitsidwa.
"Huatlatlauca mchilankhulo chaku India amatanthauza chiwombankhanga chofiira", ndipo mu Mendocino Codex glyph yake imayimiriridwa ndi mutu wa munthu wokhala ndi chigaza chometedwa komanso chofiyira chofiira.
Pokhala m'dera labwino, m'malo omwe tsopano ndi Zigwa za Puebla ndi Tlaxcala, Huatlatlauca idachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri, m'mbiri yakale ya ku Spain ndi atsamunda, kuyambira pomwe idapereka ulemu kwa Lords of Mexico komanso pambuyo pake ku Crown. ochokera ku Spain. Okhazikika kwambiri anali magulu amtundu wa Olmec-Xicalan, omwe pambuyo pake adathamangitsidwa m'mayikowa ndi magulu a Chichimecas omwe adalowamo cha m'ma 12 AD. Pambuyo pake, chifukwa chakusowa kwamphamvu m'derali, Huatlatlauca akuwoneka kuti ndi mnzake wa Cuauhtinchan, kale ngati mnzake wa Totomihuacan, kapena wogonjera Señorío de Tepeaca. Ndi mpaka gawo lachitatu lomaliza la zaka za zana la 15 pomwe kuwukirako ndi Mexica zikulamulira m'chigwa cha Puebla ndi malo okwera bwino zikuyika Huatlatlauca motsogozedwa ndi Lords of Mexico-Tenochtitlán. M'nyuzipepala ya New Spain Papers akuti "anali a Moctezuma Señor de México, ndipo mbiri yake idamupatsa laimu yoyera yoyera, bango lalikulu lolimba ndi mipeni yoyika mikondo, ndi ndodo zolimba zomenyera nkhondo, ndi thonje wakutchire ma jekete ndi ma corselet ovala amuna ankhondo ...
Wopambana Hernán Cortés adafika m'derali ndikupereka Huatlatlauca kwa womgonjetsayo Bernardino de Santa Clara, ndi udindo woyika m'bokosi la Amfumu zake zopangidwa ndi zovala, maukonde a udzudzu, zofunda, chimanga, tirigu ndi nyemba . Pa imfa ya encomendero mu 1537, tawuniyi idapita ku Crown komwe ikhala yamisonkho limodzi ndi Teciutlán ndi Atempa, a ku Municipality of Izúcar de Matamoros. Kuyambira 1536, Huatlatlauca inali ndi woweruza wake ndipo pakati pa 1743 ndi 1770 idalumikizidwa kuofesi ya meya ku Tepexi de la Seda, lero ku Rodríguez, chigawo chomwe zikudalira pano.
Ponena za kufalikira kwake, tikudziwa kuti anthu oyamba kufikako kuderali anali a Franciscans ndikuti, pakati pa 1566 ndi 1569, adachoka pamalopo, ndikupereka kwa a Augustine, omwe mwachidziwikire adamaliza kumanga nyumba ya amonkeyo ndikukhala pamalowo mpaka M'zaka za zana la 18, kutisiyira imodzi mwazitsanzo zofunikira kwambiri za kujambula kwamatabwa ndi zojambula za polychrome.
Mwa zomwe ziyenera kuti zinali malo omwe asanakhaleko ku Spain, omwe amakhala kumwera kwa misonkhanowu, padakali gawo locheperako, chidutswa cha khoma chomangidwa ndi mandimu oyera, mchenga ndi zidutswa za zinthu za ceramic zokhala ndi Mixteca ndi Cholula.
Timapezanso zitsanzo za zomangamanga zachikoloni, monga mlatho wosungidwa bwino komanso nyumba yazaka za zana la 16, yoyamba kumangidwa ndi aku Spain ndipo mwina inali ndi ma friars oyamba, omwe ali ndi zojambula zisanachitike ku Spain zomwe zidapangidwa pachimake ndi zitsime. ya mkati mwake, komanso uvuni waukulu kwambiri wa mkate. Nyumba za Huatlatlauca ndizosavuta, zili ndi madenga omata, okhala ndi makoma oyera amiyala. Ambiri amasungabe ma uvuni awo, ma theme ndi ma coscomates (ngati silos momwe amasungabe chimanga), zomwe zimatilola kulingalira ndi kuyerekezera kofananira ndi zomwe anali asanachitike ku Spain. M'zaka zaposachedwa, nyumba zamakono komanso mbale zapa satellite zasintha kwambiri malowa, ndikupangitsa kuti izitaya zomangamanga zoyambirira. Masanjidwe akumatawuni amabalalika ndipo amakhala ndi madera oyandikana nawo. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi tchalitchi. Izi mwina zidamangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 17, monga San Pedro ndi San Pablo, San José - zomwe zimasungabe kachigawo kakang'ono-, San Francisco, La Candelaria ndi San Nicolás de Tolentino, yomwe ili m'chigawo chachiwiri Gawo la Huatlatlauca. Mwa iwo onse pali mbuye wocheperako yemwe amayang'ana kumadzulo, monga nyumba ya amonke. Amayang'anira omwe amapereka ma butlers omwe amawasamalira mwachikondi, kuphatikana komanso ulemu.
M'zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi, malo ovomerezeka a Santa María de los Reyes, Huatlatlauca, adapezeka ndi ofufuza ochokera ku lNAH, akugwira ntchito zoyambirira zosamalira ndi kukonzanso, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa chovala cha laimu pamakoma, zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo m'mbuyomu ndipo zidakwaniritsa pafupifupi 400 m2 yazithunzi, zonse m'munsi ndi kumtunda. Ntchito yosamala idachitikanso padenga la nyumbayo, momwe chinyezi chambiri chidatulukira.
Msonkhano wonse wa Santa María de los Reyes uli ndi chozungulira chamakona awiri cholowera ndi khoma losakanikirana. Pamapeto pake, kumwera, kuli dzuwa lopangidwa ndi miyala.
Kupatula pa atrium kuyimira tchalitchichi, mumayendedwe a Plateresque. Yamangidwa ndi kanyumba kamodzi kotsekedwa ndi bareti, yokhala ndi zipinda zitatu zam'mbali ndi oyang'anira oyang'anira semicircular. Ma friars aku Franciscan omwe adatsala mkachisi, posinthidwa posachedwa, chimodzi mwazitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zazitali zamatabwa zam'zaka za zana la 16 zomwe zidasungidwabe mdziko lathu, ndikuti, mu nave ndi mkanjo, ili ndi zokongoletsa zokhala ndi mitu yosavuta kujambula zithunzi za ku Franciscan, zomwe zimabwerezedwa mgawo lililonse ndipo zimapangidwa ndimakona amakona anayi ojambulidwa mumtengo wa ahuehuete. Ena, monga a sotocoro, ali ndi mapulogalamu a siliva ndi golide.
Mbali yakumanzere kuli zomanga zomwe zikuwoneka ngati tchalitchi chotseguka, chomwe chidakonzedwa kale, ndipo chomwe chimakhala ndi gawo la Parish Archive. Kumanja kuli chipata chomwe chimalola kuti pakhale malowa ndipo pakati pake pali chitsime chozungulira. Kuphatikiza pa ma cell apachiyambi, zipinda zina zawonjezedwanso, zomangidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo ndikuwongolera kumunda womwe kale unkakhala wamonke. Pamagawo awiri a chovalacho, zazing'ono, zojambula zojambula za polychrome zapamwamba kwambiri komanso kulemera kwazithunzi zimasungidwa, momwe mawonekedwe amitundu ndi masitaelo amatha kuwonedwa.
Pansi pamunsi pamunsi pali oyera mtima angapo omwe amakhala a San Agustín: Santa Mónica, San Nicolás de Tolentino, San Guillermo, komanso ofera ena omwe amangowonekera pazithunzi za msonkhanowu: San Rústico, San Rodato, San Columbano, San Bonifacio ndi San Severo. Palinso zojambula za a Flagellation, a Crucifixion and the Resurrection of Christ, zomwe zidalowetsedwa m'makona a khoma lamkati. Koposa zonsezi, pali phokoso ndi oyera mtima ndi atumwi omwe atsekedwa muzikopa, mwatsoka adazimiririka m'malo ena. Pakati pa chishango ndi chishango timapeza kukongoletsa kwa zomera, mbalame, nyama ndi angelo omwe amadzibwereza okha mwanjira yodzaza ndi tanthauzo komanso zophiphiritsa. Pachipinda chapamwamba, zojambulazo zambiri sizisungidwa bwino ndipo zina zatayika kwambiri; apa, pamakona a khoma lirilonse, zithunzi zofunikira zachipembedzo monga The Last Judgment, Flagellation, Garden Prayer, Resurrection ndi Crucifixion, Thebaid, Road to Calvary ndi Ecce Homo zikuyimiridwa.
Chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri pamsonkhanowu chimakhala ndizolemba zozizwitsa za m'Baibulo zomwe zikuyimiridwa m'makoma awa. Ndi chinthu chosazolowereka m'makonzedwe a Augustinian a m'zaka za zana la 16.
Huatlatlauca yakhala malo oiwalika, koma chuma chake chachilengedwe, mbiri yakale, chikhalidwe chake komanso zaluso zitha kutayika kwambiri, osati chifukwa cha kuwonongeka komwe kumadza chifukwa cha nthawi ndi chilengedwe, komanso chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwa anthu am'deralo ndi alendo omwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana Zimayambitsa kuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono kwa mawonekedwe awa akale. Izi zitha kupanga mwayi wopanda mbiri m'mbiri yathu ya atsamunda zomwe sitidzanong'oneza nazo bondo zokwanira. Ndikofunika kusintha njirayi mwachangu.
Chitsime: Mexico mu Time No. 19 Julayi / Ogasiti 1997
