Omangidwa makamaka m'njira yosadalirika, mipingo yakumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazo ndi mboni zakachetechete zakukula kwakukulu kwa mzinda wathu.
Nthawi yomwe imadziwika kuti Porfiriato idatenga zaka zopitilira 30 za mbiri yaku Mexico (1876-1911), osaganizira zosokoneza mwachidule za maboma a Juan N. Méndez ndi Manuel González. Ngakhale kuti panthawiyi zinthu zinali zovuta kwambiri kumidzi, General Porfirio Díaz adabweretsa chuma chambiri mdzikolo chomwe chidabweretsa ntchito zomanga, makamaka m'mizinda yofunika kwambiri.
Zosowa zatsopano zachuma zidakulitsa kufutukuka kwamatawuni, motero kuyambitsa kukula ndi maziko am'magawo ndi zigawo zomwe, malinga ndi momwe chuma cha anthu chidakhalira, anali ndi zomangamanga zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kamangidwe kamene kamachokera ku Europe. , makamaka ochokera ku France. Unali nthawi yagolide kwa olemera omwe amakhala m'mizinda yatsopano monga Juárez, Roma, Santa María la Ribera ndi Cuauhtémoc, mwa ena.
Kuphatikiza pa ntchito monga madzi ndi kuyatsa, zochitika zatsopanozi zimayenera kukhala ndi akachisi othandizira anthu achipembedzo chawo, ndipo panthawiyo Mexico idali kale ndi gulu labwino kwambiri logwira ntchitozi. Izi ndi zomwe a Emilio Dondé, wolemba nyumba yachifumu ya Bucareli, lero ndi Unduna wa Zamkatimu; Antonio Rivas Mercado, yemwe adayambitsa gawo la Independence; Wolemba Mauricio Campos, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi Chamber of Deputies, komanso Manuel Gorozpe, wopanga tchalitchi cha Sagrada Familia.
Akatswiri opanga mapulaniwa adapanga zomangamanga, kutanthauza kuti, adagwiritsa ntchito masitaelo a "neo" monga Neo-Gothic, Neo-Byzantine ndi Neo-Romanesque, omwe kwenikweni amabwerera ku mafashoni amakedzana, koma pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zomanga monga konkire wolimbitsa ndi chitsulo chosungunula, chomwe chidayamba kutchuka kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazo.
Gawo ili m'mbuyomu yomanga lidapangidwa ndi gulu lotchedwa zachikondi, lomwe lidayamba ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo lidatha mpaka zaka zoyambirira zapitazo. Gululi linali lopandukira luso lozizira la neoclassical, lomwe lidalimbikitsidwa ndi zomangamanga zachi Greek ndikuti abwezeretse masitayelo okongoletsa omwe maphunziro apamwamba adataya.
Akatswiri opanga mapangidwe a Porfiriato kenako adaphunzira masitayilo owonjezera komanso ochepera; Ntchito zake zoyambirira za neo-Gothic zidatulukira ku Mexico kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 ndipo ambiri anali oseketsa, ndiye kuti, amapangidwa ndi zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Chimodzi mwazitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zomwe tili nazo za mapangidwe osadziwika achipembedzo cha Porfirian ndi tchalitchi cha Sagrada Familia, m'misewu ya Puebla ndi Orizaba, mdera la Aromani. Mwa mafashoni a neo-Romanesque ndi neo-Gothic, wolemba wake anali womanga waku Mexico Manuel Gorozpe, yemwe adayamba mu 1910 kuti amalize zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake pakati pa Revolution. Kapangidwe kake kamapangidwa ndi konkriti wolimbikitsidwa ndipo nkutheka kuti chifukwa cha izi adadzudzulidwa mwankhanza monga wolemba Justino Fernández, yemwe amawafotokoza kuti ndi "opusa, odziwikiratu komanso osakondera", kapena monga womanga nyumba Francisco de la Maza, yemwe amatchula kuti "chitsanzo chomvetsa chisoni kwambiri pamangidwe am'nthawiyo." M'malo mwake, pafupifupi mipingo yonse yanthawi ino yakhala ikudzudzulidwa.
A Fernando Suárez, olowa m'malo mwa Sagrada Familia, akutsimikiza kuti mwala woyamba udayikidwa pa Januware 6, 1906 ndikuti patsikuli anthu adabwera pa Chapultepec Avenue kuti adzakhale nawo pamsonkhano womwe udakondwereredwa mchisakasa. Chakumapeto kwa zaka makumi awiri, bambo wachiJesuit a González Carrasco, waluso komanso wofulumira kujambula, adakongoletsa makoma amkati mwa kachisi mothandizidwa ndi M'bale Tapia, yemwe adangojambula zojambula ziwiri zokha.
Malinga ndi zolembedwa, mipiringidzo yomwe imaletsa gawo laling'ono lakumpoto kumangidwa ndi a Gabelich smithy wamkulu, omwe anali m'gulu la Madokotala ndipo anali amodzi mwabwino kwambiri komanso odziwika kwambiri m'zaka zoyambirira za zana lino. Zitsulo zochepa zomwe zimapulumuka m'madera monga Roma, Condesa, Juárez ndi Del Valle, pakati pa ena, ndizofunika ndipo makamaka chifukwa cha -kuwumba ukulu mwatsoka komwe mwatsoka kulibenso.
Chifukwa china chomwe chimapangitsa kuti tchalitchichi chichezedwe kwambiri ndi chakuti zotsalira za wofera chikhulupiriro waku Mexico Miguel Agustín Pro, wansembe wachiJesuit yemwe adalamulidwa kuti aphedwe ndi Purezidenti Plutarco Elías Calles pa Novembala 23, 1927, munthawi yazunzo zachipembedzo, anali Amasungidwa mchipinda chaching'ono chomwe chili pakhomo lolowera kumwera.
Pafupifupi pang'ono, pa Cuauhtémoc Avenue, pakati pa Querétaro ndi Zacatecas, pali tchalitchi chachikulu cha Nuestra Señora del Rosario, ntchito ya amisiri aku Mexico Ángel ndi Manuel Torres Torija.
Ntchito yomanga kachisi wa Neo-Gothicyi idayamba chakumapeto kwa 1920 ndipo idamalizidwa mozungulira 1930, ndipo ngakhale siili munthawi ya Porfirian, ndikofunikira kuyiphatikiza m'nkhaniyi chifukwa chakuyandikana kwake ndi mafashoni am'nthawiyo; Kuphatikiza apo, zikuwoneka kuti ntchito yake idachitika chaka cha 1911 chisanafike ndikuti ntchito yomanga idachedwa.
Monga momwe zimakhalira mwanjira ya Gothic, mu tchalitchichi zenera la rozi lomwe lili pa façade limaonekera, ndipo pamtundu uwu wopingasa katatu wokhala ndi chithunzichi potonthoza Mkazi Wathu wa Rosary; Chodziwikanso kwambiri ndi zitseko ndi mawindo a ogival komanso mawindo a nsanamira zitatu zomwe zimakhala mkati mwake, zokongoletsedwa ndi mazenera amizere okhala ndi magalasi ndi mizere yokhala ndi chizolowezi chowonekera.
Pa Calle de Praga nambala 11, yozunguliridwa ndi chipwirikiti cha Zona Rosa, mdera la Juárez, tchalitchi cha Santo Niño de la Paz chatsekedwa ndikubisika pakati pa nyumba zazitali. Wansembe wake, a Francisco García Sancho, akutsimikizira kuti nthawi ina adawona chithunzi cha 1909, pomwe zimawoneka kuti kachisi anali akumangidwa, pafupifupi kumaliza, koma komabe analibe "nsonga" yachitsulo lero korona nsanja.
Anali amayi Catalina C. de Escandón omwe adalimbikitsa zomangamanga pamodzi ndi gulu la azimayi ochokera ku gulu lodziwika bwino la Porfirian, ndipo adazipereka ku 1929 ku Archdiocese ya Mexico, chifukwa samatha kumaliza ntchito zomwe zidasowazo. Patadutsa zaka zitatu, Unduna wa Zamkati unavomereza kuti kachisi atsegulidwe ndipo wansembe Alfonso Gutiérrez Fernández adapatsidwa mphamvu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito njira yolambira pakati pa mamembala aku Germany. Munthu wolemekezekayu amadziwika kuyambira pamenepo kuyesetsa kwake kuti abweretse tchalitchi cha Neo-Gothic.
Ili pakona ya Roma ndi London, mdera lomwelo la Juárez koma kum'mawa kwake, komwe kale kumadziwika kuti "koloni yaku America", pali Mpingo wa Sacred Heart of Jesus, womwe unayamba cha mu 1903 ndipo unamalizidwa zaka zinayi pambuyo pake ndi womanga waku Mexico a José Hilario Elguero (womaliza maphunziro ku National School of Fine Arts mu 1895), yemwe adamupatsa dzina lodziwika bwino la Neo-Romanesque. Dera lomwe kachisiyu anali linali lokongola kwambiri panthawi ya Porfiriato ndipo chiyambi chake chidayamba kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazo.
Ntchito ina yokongola ya Neo-Gothic ili ku gulu lakale lachi France ku La Piedad, kumwera kwa Medical Center. Ndi tchalitchi chomwe chidayamba mu 1891 ndipo chidamalizidwa chaka chotsatira ndi womanga nyumba waku France E. Desormes, ndipo chomwe chimadziwika ndi chitsulo chake chotseguka chomwe chimakwera pamwamba pazenera ndi zenera lake la duwa, losokonekera kumunsi kwake ndi chopindika chakuthwa chithunzi cha Yesu Khristu ndi angelo asanu omasuka.
Kumpoto kwa Historic Center ndi komwe kuli Guerrero. Coloni iyi idakhazikitsidwa mu 1880 m'malo odyetserako ziweto a Colegio de Propaganda Fide de San Fernando ndipo, isanapatuke, anali a loya Rafael Martínez de la Torre.
La Guerrero pachiyambi anali ndi njira kapena bwalo lomwe linali ndi dzina la loya yemwe watchulidwayo kuti apititse patsogolo kukumbukira kwake. Lero malowa akukhala pamsika wa Martínez de la Torre komanso mpingo wa Immaculate Heart of Mary (Héroes 132 ngodya ndi Mosqueta), yemwe mwala wake woyamba udayikidwa ndi wansembe Mateo Palazuelos pa Meyi 22, 1887. injiniya Ismael Rego, yemwe adaimaliza mu 1902 motsatira kalembedwe ka Neo-Gothic.
Poyambirira idakonzedwa zombo zitatu, imodzi yokha idamangidwa motero inali yoperewera kwambiri; Kuphatikiza apo, pomwe zipilala zamwala ndi zipilala zachitsulo zidapangidwa, sizinali zolimba mokwanira kupirira chivomerezi cha 1957, chomwe chidapangitsa kupatukana kwa khoma lakumwera ndi chipinda. Tsoka ilo, kuwonongeka kumeneku sikunakonzedwe ndipo chivomerezi cha 1985 chidapangitsa kugwa pang'ono, kotero inba, sedue ndi inah adaganiza zowononga thupi la kachisiyo kuti amange lina, polemekeza malo akale ndi nsanja ziwiri, zomwe sizinachitike. adawonongeka kwambiri.
Kumadzulo kwa Guerrero ndi koloni ina yachikhalidwe chachikulu, Santa María la Rivera. Chojambulidwa mu 1861 motero koloni yoyamba yofunikira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mzindawu, Santa María poyambirira idakonzedwa kuti izikhala m'kalasi lapakati. Poyamba, nyumba zochepa zomwe zidamangidwa zinali kumwera kwa mseu wake, ndipo makamaka m'derali, ku Calle Santa María la Rivera nambala 67, adabadwa ngati bambo a José María Vilaseca, woyambitsa Mpingo wa Abambo Josefinos, kuti apereke tchalitchi chokongola ku Sagrada Familia.
Ntchito yake, yomwe idapangidwa kalembedwe ka Neo-Byzantine, idakonzedwa ndi wolemba mapulani a Carlos Herrera, omwe adalandira ku National School of Fine Arts ku 1893, yemwenso adalemba Chikumbutso cha Juárez pamsewu womwewu ndi Institute of Geology - tsopano Geology Museum ya UNAM - kutsogolo kwa Alameda de Santa María.
Ntchito yomanga kachisiyo inali yoyang'anira mainjiniya a José Torres, mwala woyamba udayikidwa pa Julayi 23, 1899, udamalizidwa mu 1906 ndipo udalitsika mu Disembala chaka chomwecho. Zaka makumi anayi pambuyo pake, ntchito zokulitsa ndi kukonzanso zidayamba ndikumanga nyumba zazitali ziwiri zomwe zimakhala pakati pa ma pilasters akutsogolo.
Malo opatulika a parishi ya María Auxiliadora, omwe ali ku Calle de Colegio Salesiano nambala 59, Colonia Anáhuac, adamangidwa molingana ndi projekiti yoyambirira ya 1893, yokonzedwa ndi womanga nyumba José Hilario Elguero, yemwenso ndi mlembi wa mpingo wa Sacred Heart of Jesus and a Salesian College, moyandikira kachisi wa María Auxiliadora.
Oyamba achipembedzo achi Salesian omwe adafika ku Mexico zaka zopitilira 100 zapitazo, adakhazikika pamalo omwe panthawiyo anali a Santa Julia hacienda wakale, m'malire ake, m'mphepete mwa minda yake ya zipatso komanso kutsogolo kwa zomwe zili lero malo opatulika, "zikondwerero zokondwerera" zinali, zomwe zinali bungwe lomwe limabweretsa achinyamata kuti awalemeretse mwachikhalidwe. Kumeneko anthu omwe amakhala ku Santa Julia kolowera - lero Anahuac- adakumana, kotero adaganiza zomanga kachisi yemwe adapangidwira kale hacienda osati sukulu ya Salesian.
Revolution ndi chizunzo chachipembedzo -1926 mpaka 1929- zidalemetsa ntchitozo, mpaka mu 1952 kachisi adaperekedwa kwa achipembedzo omwe mu 1958 adapatsa ntchito zomangamanga Vicente Mendiola Quezada kuti amalize ntchito ya kalembedwe ka Neo-Gothic, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Pulojekiti yoyambirira yomwe imakhala ndi mabango achitsulo komanso zinthu zamakono zama fiberglass kuti muchepetse kulemera kwambiri kwa mwalawo. Nsanja zake, zomwe sizinamalizidwe, lero ndi ntchito yololeza kuti malo opatulikawa akwaniritsidwe momwe amayenera.
