Mu 1521, a Ferdinand Magellan, woyendetsa sitima yaku Portugal yemwe anali kugwira ntchito ku Spain, adapeza zilumba zazikulu kwambiri zomwe adazitcha San Lázaro paulendo wake wotchuka wozungulira kuzungulira.
Pofika pano ndi chilolezo cha Papa Alexander VI, Portugal ndi Spain anali atagawana nawo New World yomwe yangopezedwa zaka 29 zapitazo. Kulamulidwa kwa Nyanja Yakumwera - Nyanja ya Pacific - kunali kofunikira kwambiri ku maufumu onse amphamvu, popeza aliyense amene akwanitsa kuchita izi, mosakayika, "Mwini wa Orb".
Europe idadziwa ndikukonda kuyambira m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chinayi kukonzedwa kwa zinthu zakum'mawa ndipo mwanjira zina kufunikira kwazomwe ali nazo, chifukwa chake kupezeka ndi kulamulidwa kwa America kudaganiziranso zakufunika kokhala ndi kulumikizana kosatha ndi ufumuwo. wa Great Khan, mwini zilumba za zonunkhira, silika, zadothi, mafuta onunkhira achilendo, ngale zazikulu ndi mfuti.
Kugulitsa ndi Asia kudayimira chidwi ku Europe potengera nkhani komanso umboni woperekedwa ndi Marco Polo, chifukwa chake chilichonse kuchokera kumayiko akutali sichinkangolakalaka kwenikweni, komanso chinagulidwa pamitengo yokwera kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha malo ake, New Spain inali malo abwino kuyesa kupeza kulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali, popeza zomwe Spain idafuna potumiza Andrés Niño mu 1520, ndi Jofre de Loaiza mu 1525, kumalire ndi Africa ndikulowera ku Indian Ocean Kuphatikiza pa maulendo okwera mtengo kwambiri, zidabweretsa zolephera zenizeni; Pachifukwa ichi, Hernán Cortés ndi Pedro de Alvarado, atangolanda Mexico, adalipira ndalama zomanga zombo zingapo zomwe zinali ndi zida ku Zihuatanejo ndi zida zabwino kwambiri.
Awa anali maulendo awiri oyamba omwe akanayesa kuchokera ku New Spain kufikira magombe akum'mawa; Komabe, ngakhale chiyembekezo chakuchita bwino, onse adalephera pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana atangolowa m'nyanja ya Pacific.
Inali nthawi ya wolowa m'malo Don Don Luis de Velasco (bambo) kuyesanso mu 1542 ntchito yosasamala. Chifukwa chake, idalipira ntchito yomanga zombo zinayi zikuluzikulu, brig ndi schooner, yomwe, motsogozedwa ndi Ruy López de Villalobos, idanyamuka kuchokera ku Puerto de la Navidad ndi anthu 370 oyendetsa.
Ulendowu udakwanitsa kufikira kuzilumba zomwe Magellan adazitcha San Lázaro ndipo pomwepo adadzatchedwa "Philippines", polemekeza yemwe anali kalonga wamfumuyo panthawiyo.
Komabe, "kubwerera" kapena "kubwerera" kunapitilizabe kukhala vuto lalikulu m'makampani otere, kotero kwa zaka zingapo ntchitoyi idayimitsidwa kuti iwunikidwenso, ku Metropolis komanso likulu la viceroyalty of New Spain; Pomaliza, Felipe II adaika pampando wachifumu, adalamula mu 1564 wogwirizira wa Velasco kuti akonzekeretse gulu lankhondo lotsogozedwa ndi Don Miguel López de Legazpi ndi monk Agustino Andrés de Urdaneta, yemwe pamapeto pake adakhazikitsa njira yobwererera poyambira.
Ndi kupambana komwe kudapezedwa kuchokera kubwerera ku Acapulco kwa Galeón San Pedro, sitimayo yolamulidwa ndi Urdaneta, Europe ndi Far East ikadalumikizidwa ndi Mexico.
Manila, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndikulamulidwa ndi López de Legazpi, idakhala gawo lodalira Viceroyalty yaku New Spain ku 1565 ndipo idali ku Asia chomwe Acapulco inali ku South America: “Madoko onsewa anali ndi machitidwe angapo omwe adawasintha, osazengereza , m'malo amalonda pomwe malonda amtengo wapatali kwambiri munthawi yake amafalikira ".
Kuchokera ku India, Ceylon, Cambodia, Moluccas, China ndi Japan, zinthu zamtengo wapatali zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zidawunjikidwa ku Philippines, komwe kumalizira kwake kunali msika waku Europe; Komabe, mphamvu zachuma zamphamvu zamphamvu zaku Spain, zomwe zidagawana zipatso zoyambirira zomwe zidafika ku Acapulco ndi mnzake waku Peru, sizidasiyire ogula ake okonda chidwi ku Old World.
Maiko akum'mawa adayamba kupanga mizere yathunthu yazinthu zomwe zimangotumiza kunja, pomwe zinthu zaulimi monga mpunga, tsabola, mango ... zimayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuzolowereka m'minda yaku Mexico. Mofananamo, Asia idalandira koko, chimanga, nyemba, siliva ndi golide mu bulionion, komanso "pesos zamphamvu" zopangidwa mu Mexico Mint.
Chifukwa cha Nkhondo Yodziyimira pawokha, malonda ndi East adasiya kuchitidwa kuchokera ku Port of Acapulco ndipo adasinthidwa kukhala a San Blas, komwe kumachitika malonda omaliza ochokera kumayiko otchuka a Gran Kan. Mu Marichi 1815, a Magallanes Galleon adakwera ngalawa kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku Manila, kutseka zaka 250 za malonda osasunthika apanyanja pakati pa New Spain ndi Far East.
Mayina a Catharina de San Juan, mwana wamkazi wachifumu wachihindu yemwe adakhazikika mumzinda wa Puebla, "China Poblana" wotchuka, komanso wa Felipe de las Casas, wodziwika bwino kuti San Felipe de Jesús, adalumikizana naye kwamuyaya. Manila Galleon, Nao de China kapena sitimayo.
Carlos Romero Giordano
