Mapanga ambiri, mapanga ndi ma grottos kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Tamaulipas ndiwodziwika chifukwa cha kulemera kwakukulu komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa nyama zawo, komanso kukhala ndi phindu lalikulu pofufuza zaumunthu komanso zofukulidwa m'mabwinja, chifukwa zina zimakhala ndi zotsalira zofunika za anthu akale omwe amakhala m'derali.
Mapanga ambiri, mapanga ndi ma grottos kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Tamaulipas ndiwodziwika chifukwa cha kulemera kwakukulu komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa nyama zawo, komanso kukhala ndi phindu lalikulu pofotokozera zaumunthu komanso zokumbidwa pansi, chifukwa zina zimakhala ndi zotsalira zofunika za anthu akale omwe amakhala m'derali.
MPANGO WA ABRA NDI GRUTA DE QUINTERO
Makomo awiriwa a Sierra del Abra kapena Cucharas mosakayikira ndi odziwika komanso odziwika kwambiri m'matauni a Antiguo Morelos ndi El Mante chifukwa chakuyandikira kwawo kumizinda yayikulu ndikosavuta kwawo. Malo omwe amapezeka onsewa adaloledwa, zaka zingapo zapitazo, ntchito zamigodi kuti atenge guano ndi phosphorite, chifukwa chake zoyeserera zawo zidasinthidwa. Kusinthaku ndikofunikira kwambiri ndipo sikungasinthidwe ku Gruta de Quintero, pomwe miyala yamiyala yambiri idawonongeka ndimakina omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito.
M'makhola onse awiriwa, alendo amawononga mapanga potenga zidutswa za stalactites ndi stalagmites ngati zokumbutsa ndikusiya mbiri yawo yoyendera pamakoma, ndikuwononga m'masekondi ochepa zomwe chilengedwe chatenga zaka masauzande ambiri kuti ziboloke. Komabe, Cueva del Abra ndiyodabwitsa chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Kumapeto kwa njira yolowera yayitali mamita 180, thambo lachilengedwe lomwe mapangidwe ake okwana 116 m adatsitsidwa pang'ono, koyamba, ndi zigwa kuchokera ku San Antonio, Texas, ku 1956. Ku Quintero Grotto, 500 Mamita apansi panthaka ndikuwona nyama zabwino zomwe zimakhalamo. Madzulo, gulu la zikwizikwi za mileme yodya tizilombo (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana kapena Mexico coludo bat) imawoneka ikubwera kudzadya m'malo ozungulira.
MPANGO WOBADWA
Malo okopa alendo oyenda bwino kwambiri m'matawuni a El Mante ndi El Nacimiento, okhala ndi chilengedwe chodabwitsa pomwe mtsinje wa Mante umayenda kuchokera kuphanga lomwe lili pansi pathanthwe lamiyala pansi pa Sierra del Abra. Phanga Lakubadwa, limodzi mwa mapanga akuya kwambiri komanso osefukira padziko lonse lapansi, amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha Sheck Exley, yemwe adaswa zolemba ziwiri zakuzama pamadzi pomwe mu 1989 adatsikira kuphanga. Madzi omwe amapezeka pachitsimechi ndi omwe amapereka kwa anthu okhala ku Ciudad Mante komanso kuthirira minda ya nzimbe yomwe imadyetsa msika wakomweko.
NKHOSA ZINA KU SIERRA DE CUCHARAS
Miphika ina yofunikira m'boma la Antiguo Morelos ndi mapanga a Pachón, Florida ndi Tigre, woyamba kukhala woyamba kusangalatsa asayansi, popeza mkati mwake muli nyanja yapansi panthaka momwe nsomba zambiri zakhungu zochokera ku mtundu Astyanax.
Pamalo amatauni a Mante, Ocampo ndi Gómez Farías, kumapeto chakum'mawa kwa Servilleta Canyon, kuli mapanga pafupifupi asanu ndi limodzi, ambiri aiwo amakhala achidule; Chifukwa cha zojambula zojambula m'mapanga m'makoma ake amkati, mwina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Amwenye achi Huastec akale omwe amakhala m'makampu omwe ali m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Comandante. Kupitilira pang'ono kumpoto, mkati mwa tawuni ya Gómez Farías ndi mbali yakum'mawa kwa chipululu, tikupeza malo angapo osangalatsa pafupi ndi Plan de Guadalupe ejido; Mwa awa, phanga la Zapata ndiye lomwe limachezeredwa kwambiri komanso lowoneka bwino, chifukwa njira yayikulu kwambiri yapansi panthaka imadutsa gawo la mapiri omwe amawunikira masana ndi mafunde atatu omwe amagawidwa m'njira. M'mapanga ena muli zipilala za ceramic komanso zojambula zosiyanasiyana zamapanga.
M'dera lamapiri la El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, mapanga a Agua, Infiernillo, La Mina ndi La Capilla amaonekera; awiri oyamba, ozungulira San José ejido, amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa zipinda zawo komanso kukongola kwamapangidwe awo amchere, ndipo enawo awiriwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kosangalatsa kwa nyama zawo zaku troglobian.
ZOKUTHANDIZANI MU TAMAULIPECAS MIPANGO
Mapanga a Los Portales ndi Romero, omwe ali m'dera la Cañón del Infiernillo, ndi omwe ali ndi mipata yayikulu kwambiri m'derali. Anayesedwa mu 1937 ndi Javier Romero ndi Juan Valenzuela, mamembala a National Institute of Anthropology and History, komanso mu 1954 ndi Richard S. MacNeish ndi David Kelly, mamembala a National Museum of Canada. Pamaulendo awiriwa, zotsalira za anthu (mummies), zinthu zopangidwa ndi fiber, zitsanzo za chimanga, nyemba, sikwashi, miphika ndi ziwiya zadothi zidapangidwa. Kafukufuku wa MacNeish ndi Kelly adawonetsa kuti nyengo yoyambirira, gawo la Gahena, idayamba ku 6500 BC.
MAFUNSO
Kupatula zoopsa zomwe zimachitika pofufuza phanga kapena phanga, iyi ndi ntchito yopindulitsa komanso yosangalatsa yomwe tingachite mosamala ngati tili ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso zida zoyenera. Malo awa akuyenera ulemu wathu komanso chilengedwe chonse, ndichifukwa chake ndimalemba zikhulupiriro zamapanga ndi malingaliro a wofufuza malo wotchuka waku Mexico a Carlos Lazcano Sahagún: "Tikapita kukanyumba, chinthu chokhacho chomwe timatenga ndi zithunzi, chinthu chokha chomwe timasiya Ndizo zidindo za mapazi athu, ndipo chinthu chokha chomwe timapha ndi nthawi. Tikufuna kuti iwo omwe amachezera kuphanga komwe takhala tikudziwona kale monga momwe tidawawonera: opanda zinyalala, osalemba, osadula ziwalo, osalanda; kuti akumva kuti akupeza china chatsopano.
Gwero: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 303 / Meyi 2002
