Munkhaniyi, wolemba, Anatole Pohorilenko, akuwulula zambiri ndi zinsinsi za ziboliboli zopangidwa ndi ojambula a Olmec kudzera m'maso mwa Piedra Mojada, wophunzira ziboliboli wachichepere ...
Pa tsiku lamvula mu theka loyamba la zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu BC, Diso la Obsidian, wosema ziboliboli pachikondwerero chachikulu cha Kugulitsaadaganiza kuti nthawi yakwana yophunzitsa Mwala wamadzi, mwana wake wamwamuna wazaka khumi ndi zinayi, njira yatsopano yosema: kudula mwala wolimba powuwona.
Monga gawo labwino, kutchuka kwa ojambula a La Venta kudapitilira Mapiri a Smoky kumadzulo. Ku La Venta, miyambo yogwiritsa ntchito miyala, makamaka yade, idatetezedwa mwansanje ndikupatsidwa mosamala kuchokera kwa bambo kupita kwa mwana wamwamuna. Ojambula okha a Olmec, adanenedwa, amapumira mwala.
Kwa miyezi ingapo abambo ake amaphunzitsa Wet Stone momwe angazindikire miyala yosiyana kutengera mtundu ndi kuuma kwake. Ankadziwa kale kutchula ma jade, quartz, kuba, obsidian, hematite, ndi miyala yamwala. Ngakhale onse awiri ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana obiriwira, mnyamatayo anali atatha kusiyanitsa yade ndi serpine, womwe ndi thanthwe lofewa. Mwala wake wokondedwa anali yade chifukwa unali wovuta kwambiri, wowonekera bwino komanso wopatsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yodabwitsa, makamaka yakuya yamtambo wabuluu ndi peyala wobiriwira wachikasu.
Jade adawonedwa kuti ndiwofunika kwambiri, chifukwa adachokera ku magwero akutali ndi achinsinsi pamtengo waukulu, ndipo zokongoletsera ndi zida zachipembedzo zidapangidwa.
Abambo amnzake adanyamula miyala yamtengo wapatali iyi, ndipo nthawi zambiri sanali kupezeka kwa miyezi yambiri.
Kufunika kothira madzi pamwalawo
Chifukwa chopezeka pafupipafupi pamsonkhanowu, Piedra Mojada adatha kuwona kuti luso la zojambula bwino limakhala ndi luso lowonera, asanayambe ntchitoyi, chosemedwa chomaliza, chifukwa, monga abambo ake adanenera, luso losema limakhala kuchotsa zigawo za miyala zowululira chithunzi chomwe chabisika pamenepo. Mwala utachotsedwa pamalopo ndikumenyedwa, mwala womwe udasankhidwa udawombedwa ndi chida kuti uupange mawonekedwe ake oyambilira. Kenako, okhala ndi abrasives kapena wopanda, kutengera mwalawo, udapukutidwa ndi cholimba kwambiri ndikukonzekera kulandira kapangidwe kamene wosema waluso amafotokoza ndi chida chokhomedwa ndi quartz. Pambuyo pake, pogwiritsa ntchito uta wamatabwa wokhala ndi chingwe cholimba cha ulusi wa agave wokutidwa ndi mchenga wabwino kapena ufa wa yade, gawo lotchuka kwambiri la chosemacho lidayamba kudulidwa, kudulidwa, kubowola ndikuthira, momwe ambiri mwa zidutswa za Olmec, ikakhala malo omwe mphuno yayikulu imakhala pakamwa kumtunda, kuwulula pakamwa pakamwa. Malinga ndi Ojo de Obsidiana, kunali kofunika kwambiri kutsanulira madzi m'derali kuti lidulidwe, apo ayi mwalawo ungatenthe ndikuphwanya. Nthawi yomweyo, Wet Stone anamvetsetsa tanthauzo lenileni la dzina lake.
Mabowo ngati mkamwa amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zibakera zopanda pake zomwe wosema amatembenuza ndi uta wachingwe kapena kupukuta manja ake. Zingwe zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zidachitika zidasweka ndipo mawonekedwe ake adasalala. Ndi nkhonya zolimba zomwe zitha kukhala zamiyala yolimba, fupa kapena nkhuni amapanga mabowo abwino a lobes ndi septum; nthawi zambiri, mabowo amapangidwa kuseri kwa chidutswacho kuti athe kuchipachika. Zapangidwe zachiwiri monga zingwe zomata pakamwa kapena kutsogolo kwa makutu zidapangidwa ndi mfundo yabwino ya quartz ndi dzanja mwamphamvu komanso motetezeka. Kuti chiwoneke, chojambulacho chidapukutidwa mobwerezabwereza, mwina ndi matabwa, mwala kapena chikopa, ngati sandpaper. Popeza miyala yosiyanayo imawala mosiyanasiyana, ulusi wamafuta ochokera kuzomera zina udagwiritsidwa ntchito, phula ndi ndowe za mileme. Nthawi zambiri Piedra Mojada adamva abambo ake akuchenjeza osema ena pamsonkhanowu kuti mawonekedwe onse osema, makamaka nkhwangwa zowonekera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo, amayenera kuyenda mogwirizana, ndi mayendedwe awo, funde pambuyo pa funde lowala, kuti khalani ndi pakamwa zazikulu zokongola komanso zowopsa.
Patadutsa sabata limodzi, akupita kunyumba, Piedra Mojada adauza abambo ake kuti kukhala wosema ziboliboli, ngakhale anali wovuta kwambiri, zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri chifukwa zidapangitsa kuti adziwe mwala: kukakamizidwa kuti ukagwire ntchito, mawonekedwe omwe amayankha kupukuta, kutentha komwe aliyense amapirira, ndi zina zomwe zimawululidwa ndi zaka zakugwirizana kwambiri. Koma chomwe chidamudetsa nkhawa sichinali kudziwa chipembedzo cha Olmec, chomwe, m'malingaliro ake, chidapereka moyo ku miyala iyi. Pofuna kumutsimikizira, abambo ake adayankha kuti zinali zachilendo kuti azidandaula za izi, ndipo adati ziboliboli zonse zomwe zimafotokoza zenizeni za Olmec, zowoneka komanso zosawoneka, zidagawika muzithunzi zitatu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zinali zomveka bwino.
Zithunzi zitatu zofunikira za ziboliboli za Olmec
Chithunzi choyamba, mwina wamkulu kwambiri, anali wa saurian, chojambula chodziwika bwino cha reptilia, chomwe imayimilidwa ngati Buluzi wokhala ndi nkhope yakuthengo, kachetechete wothothoka kapena diso lopangidwa ndi "L" komanso mawonekedwe olowera "V" pamutu. Ilibe nsagwada yakumunsi, koma milomo yake yakumtunda nthawi zonse imakwezedwa pamwamba kuwulula mano ake obwezeretsa ndipo nthawi zina dzino la shark. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti miyendo yawo nthawi zambiri imayimilidwa ngati kuti ndi manja aanthu ndi zala zomwe zimafalikira mbali. M'mbuyomu, mutu wake anali limodzi ndi zizindikilo monga mipiringidzo yodutsa, mipukutu yoyang'anizana kapena manja okhala ndi zala zakutsogolo. Lero tili ndi zinthu zochepa chabe zonyamula kuchokera pa chithunzichi. Kupezeka kwake pazithunzithunzi zazikulu kumachitika makamaka pamavalidwe amwana wakhanda komanso kumtunda kwa "maguwa".
Nkhope yamwana, kapena "nkhope ya mwana," ndiye chithunzi chachiwiri cha zojambula za Olmec. Zakale kwambiri ngati zojambulira za reptilian; nkhope yamwana, kuchokera pamalingaliro a wosema, ndizovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa chifukwa chikhalidwe chimafuna kuti tichite kuchokera pamachitidwe amoyo, popeza anthuwa ndiopatulika mchipembedzo chathu ndipo ndikofunikira kutenganso zochitika zawo zonse zobadwa nazo: mitu yayikulu , maso owoneka ngati amondi, nsagwada, thunthu lalitali komanso miyendo yayifupi, yolimba. Ngakhale onse amawoneka ofanana, amawonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwakuthupi. Kukula kotheka, timakoka nkhope zawo m'masks, komanso kutalika kwanthawi zonse kapena anthu atakhala. Omwe amaimirira nthawi zambiri amangovala malamba ndipo amadziwika, kuwonjezera pazapadera, mwa kugwada pang'ono. Omwe amakhala pansi nthawi zambiri amakhala atavala bwino zovala zawo zamwambo. Monga zipilala, nkhope zamwana zimasindikizidwa pamitu yayikulu komanso anthu ovala mwamwambo.
Chithunzi chachitatu, amene timagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndi chithunzi chophatikiza chophatikizika cha zoomorph ya reptiliamonga "V" yodula ndi nsidze zazingwe kapena zowawa ndi thupi lamunthu wakhanda. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa chithunzichi ndi enawo ndikutalika kwapadera kwa mphuno komwe kumakhala pakamwa kumtunda kutembenukira mmwamba. Monga momwe zilili ndi zithunzi zina za nyama zokwawa, anthropomorph wophatikizika nthawi zina amakhala ndi timizere tiwiri tomwe timayambira m'mphuno mpaka pansi pamlomo. Chithunzichi chamwambo, chosemedwa pafupipafupi, chazithunzi zazikulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi tochi kapena "mitten". Ndi "mwana" yemwe amawoneka mmanja mwa nkhope yamwana ndipo, monga wachinyamata kapena wamkulu, amakhala m'mapanga. Thupi lonse kapena mabasi timawalemba kapena kuujambula mu yade, potonthoza pazinthu zogwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, miyambo ndi zokongoletsa. Mutu wake wokhala ndi mawonekedwe umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati gawo la magulu amakutu ndi ma buccal.
Atakhala chete kwakanthawi kotsatira kutsatira kufotokozera kwa Eye of Obsidian, mnyamatayo wa Olmec adafunsa abambo ake kuti: Mukuganiza kuti tsiku lina ndidzakhala wosema ziboliboli? Inde, bamboyo adayankha, tsiku lomwe mudzathe kupeza zithunzi zabwino osati pamutu panu, koma kuchokera pamwala wamwala.
