Milungu ndi ansembe mu chosema cha Huasteca

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Dziko lachipembedzo lovuta la a Huastecos likuwonetsedweratu m'mafano awo, popeza pali zitsanzo zochepa chabe za zomangamanga zomwe zasungidwa mpaka lero.

Mwachitsanzo, nyumba za piramidi zomwe zili m'dera la Las Flores, ku Tampico, kapena ku Tantoc, ku San Luis Potosí, sizimawoneka bwino, ndipo zambiri zimakhalabe ndiudzu.

Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19, kukongola ndi chidwi chomwe ziboliboli zimadzetsa zidawapangitsa kuti azisamutsidwira kumizinda yosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, komwe lero akuwonetsedwa ngati zitsanzo za zojambulajambula zisanachitike ku Spain m'malo osungira zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, monga momwe ziliri ndi chithunzi chotchedwa " Apotheosis ", ku Brooklyn Museum ku New York, kapena" The Adolescent ", kunyada kwa National Museum of Anthropology ku Mexico City.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri kuchokera nthawi ya Chikhristu, a Huastec adaphatikiza zipembedzo zovuta momwe milungu yawo idawonetsedwa makamaka ndi mawonekedwe amunthu, ndipo adadziwika kuchokera pazovala, zovala ndi zokongoletsera zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa chilengedwe komwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo. Monga anthu ena a ku Mesoamerica, a Huastecs anali ndi milungu iyi mu ndege zitatu za chilengedwe: zakumwamba, padziko lapansi ndi pansi.

Zithunzi zina zogonana amuna zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mulungu wadzuwa chifukwa cha nduwira zawo zovuta, momwe mawonekedwe awo amadziwika, monga kunyezimira kwama ngodya opangidwa mwaluso, zonunkhira zopereka nsembe ndi zizindikilo za kalendala zomwe zimawoneka ngati mfundo, kuchulukitsa kwa nambala inayi, yofanana ndi mawonekedwe a quadripartite a chilengedwe. Tikudziwa bwino kuti a Huastecs a Late Postclassic amalingalira mulungu wa dzuwa ngati chimbale chowala chomwe chimakulitsa kutentha kwake kudzera m'minyezi yake inayi, yomwe imakwaniritsidwa ndi ma spikes a kudzipereka kopatulika, monga tingawonere mu mbale yokongola ya polychrome yomwe imachokera ku Tanquian, San Luis Potosi.

Pulaneti ya Venus, ndimayendedwe ake apadera modabwitsa, nawonso anali amulungu; Zithunzi zojambulidwa za nambala iyi zimadziwika ndi nduwira zapamutu, ma bayi ndi zovala momwe chizindikirocho chimazindikiranso mwabwinobwino, chithunzi cha masamba atatu kapena zinthu zina pangodya yokhala ndi bwalo pakati, malinga ndi ophunzira, lembani njira yakumwamba yaumulungu.

Zithunzithunzi zoyimira milungu ya a Huastec zimavala zipewa zapamutu, zomwe ndizovala zazitali kwambiri, kumbuyo kwake komwe kuwala kwa bwalo limawoneka; motero, manambala achimuna ndi achikazi amawonetsa zinthu zomwe zimawapatsa chizindikiritso chawo pamwamba pa chowala chopindika kapena pagulu lomwe lili kumapeto kwa kapu yaying'ono.

Mphamvu yachikazi yazachilengedwe, yomwe imafotokozedwa mu chonde kwa nthaka ndi akazi, idapangidwa mulungu ndi tawuni yam'mphepete mwa nyanja mu chithunzi cha Ixcuina, kumuyimira ngati mkazi wachikulire, wokhala ndi kapu yozungulira yozungulira, komanso mawere otchuka; mphamvu zake zoberekera zimawonetsedwa ndi manja ake otambasulidwa ndi manja ake pamimba, monga chikumbutso kuti njira yoyembekezera imadziwikiratu ndikutchuka kwa gawo ili la thupi.

Kuti achite ntchito yawo, osema a m'derali adasankha miyala yamchenga yoyera, yomwe pakapita nthawi imakhala ndi zonona zakuda kwambiri. Kujambulaku kunkachitidwa ndimizere ndi nkhwangwa zamiyala yolimba komanso yaying'ono, monga ma nephrites ndi ma diorite omwe amatumizidwa kuchokera kumadera ena a Mesoamerica. Tikuganiza kuti munthawi yakale ya ma Huastecs, omwe amafanana ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16, pomwe adagonjetsedwa ndi aku Spain, kuphatikiza zida zamiyala zopukutidwa, adagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa zomwe zimaloleza zojambula bwino.

Milungu yapadziko lapansi idayimiridwanso ndi ojambula am'chigawo cha Huasteca, ngati anthu omwe makoti awo kumutu akuwonetsa zigaza zopanda nyama, kapena amawonetsa mtima kapena chiwindi cha omwe amaperekedwa nsembe pansi pa nthiti. Komanso, tikudziwa ziwerengero komwe mulungu wamphako, wokhala ndi maso otupa, akubereka mwana. M'magawo onse awiriwa, kuphatikiza pazisoti zawo zowoneka bwino, milunguyo imavala zipsera zamakutu zopindika za Quetzalcóatl, kuphatikiza kukhalapo kwa mulungu wopanga uyu ndi zithunzi za dziko lapansi, ndikuzindikira kuti kupitiriza kwa moyo ndi imfa kunakwezedwanso mchipembedzocho. wa gulu la Huasteco.

Zithunzi za olima akale ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri zachitukuko ichi. Malibwe amchenga amchenga okhala ndi matalala akulu ndi makulidwe pang'ono adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga; Ntchito izi nthawi zonse zimawonetsa bambo wachikulire, wowerama, ndi miyendo yopindika pang'ono; ndi manja ake awiri iye amakhala ndi ndodo yobzala, mwamwambo momwe ntchito yolimayi idayambira. Makhalidwewa amadziwika ndi munthu wokhala ndi chigaza chopunduka, chofanana ndi ma Huastecos, wokhala ndi nkhope yowonda komanso chibwano.

M'dziko la Huasteco, zipembedzo zachiwerewere zimalumikizana kwambiri ndi chonde cha chilengedwe komanso kuchuluka kwa kubadwa komwe anthu amafunikira kuti ateteze mizinda yake ndikufutukula magawo atsopano; motero, siziyenera kutidabwitsa kuti ena mwa ziboliboli zosonyeza zachiwerewere poyera, monga tanena kale za "Wachinyamata".

Mwambo wapadera kwambiri wa zaluso za Huastec ndi phallus yayikulu yomwe idapezeka ndi gulu la apaulendo cha m'ma 1890, pomwe amayendera tawuni yaying'ono ya Yahualica, m'chigawo cha Hidalgo; Chithunzicho chinali pakatikati pa bwalo, pomwe maluwa ndi mabotolo amabulandi amaperekedwa kwa iwo, potero amafuna kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa ulimi.

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