Ndi zinthu zochepa chabe zomwe zakhala zikuchitika ku Mexico komanso zofananira ngati njanji komanso kujambula.
Onsewa adabadwa, ali angwiro ndipo adakwanitsa kupita patsogolo kwambiri ku Europe, ndipo kusintha kwawo kudali kwachangu komanso kwanzeru kwakuti kudapitilira dziko lonse lapansi. Izi zolengedwa zaumunthu zidabadwa ndizikhalidwe zofunikira kuti akwaniritse bwino pakuchepetsa malire othamanga. Njanji, kuyambira pomwe idayamba, idatsimikizira mayendedwe achangu, otetezeka komanso osangalatsa; Komabe, kujambula, kuti ajambule mphindi zomwe chithunzi chojambulacho chidawulula zakanthawi kochepa mwamunthu yemwe adalimbikira kuyesetsa kufupikitsa mtunda, adayenera kuthana ndi zopinga zambiri asanakondwereko.
Kutuluka kwa njanji komanso kujambula kunachitika panthawi yakukula kwambiri kwa anthu komanso chitukuko chachitukuko cha mafakitale m'maiko omwe ali ndi chuma komanso chikhalidwe. Mexico, nawonso, sanagwirizane ndi izi: zimadutsa pakusakhazikika kwandale pomwe mbali ziwiri zimamenyera ufulu, omasulira komanso owonetsetsa. Komabe, matekinoloje atsopanowa adatsimikizira kuti amapatsa zosakaniza kudabwitsanso, kudzikakamiza ndikudziyanjanitsa ndi gawo lolimba, kufikira magwiridwe antchito ofunikira, ngakhale mdziko la Mexico.
Munali kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940 mzaka za 19th pomwe ntchito yanjanji ku Mexico idakwaniritsidwa, ndi mtunda wamakilomita 13 womwe umalumikiza Port of Veracruz ndi likulu la dzikolo.
Kuuluka pafupi chimodzimodzi ndi nkhaniyi, sipanatenge nthawi kuwomba kwa mawilo achitsulo pazitsulo zachitsulo kufalikira mdziko lonselo, komwe ngakhale kunali kwamabingu, sikunalepheretse kumva likhweru lamphamvu komanso lolowera m'sitima, makina omwe Monga cholengedwa chatsopano komanso champhamvu, pambuyo pake zitha kupangitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi kukhazikika.
Monga njanji, kujambula zithunzi kunayamba kuonekera ngati nkhani kudziko lonse, ndipo kunali kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zachitatu za zana lomaliza komanso koyambirira kwachinayi pomwe zimadziwika kuti kujambula kotchedwa daguerreotype kudafika ku Mexico. Kutenga ngati chithunzi, pamtundu wazithunzi, mabwanankubwa aku Mexico omwe atha kulipira njira yatsopanoyi, adayenda mozungulira kutsogolo kwa kamera, kufunafuna chithunzi chatsopano chachitukuko, osunga ndalama, ogulitsa mafakitale, eni migodi ndi malo olima , omwe amadzimva ngati omasulira a mbiriyakale, chifukwa amatha kusiyanitsa chithunzi chawo motsatira. M'malo okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kufa kwa nkhope ya munthu, ntchito yatsopano idabadwa, monga ku Europe, bohemia yojambula bwino.
Chifukwa cha kujambula zinali zotheka kuwonetsa zenizeni zake zonse, Mexico yomwe idagwira ngati poyambira pakupanga ukadaulo waukadaulo, komanso chitukuko chomwe chidadzetsa nyengo yatsopano yodabwitsa.
Apa ndiye kuti chithunzicho chosemedwa kapena kupentedwa chifukwa chazanja la waluso sichinakwanitse kupereka chithunzi chokhutiritsa chenicheni. Monga ndanenera kale m'buku "Masiku a nthunzi", njanjiyo, motsatizana kwake ndi kujambula, idadutsa njira yake yotengera kamera kupyola malo osayembekezereka adziko, ndikulembetsa mwachidwi matawuni omwe akutuluka ku Mexico wamasiku ano.
Pambuyo pake, kujambula kudzalemekeza kuyesaku pakuwona njanjiyo ikujambulidwa mwadongosolo pamapuleti ambirimbiri omwe tsopano ali m'gulu la zosungira anthu wamba komanso zachinsinsi. Izi zimabweretsa pamodzi cholowa cha ojambula ambiri akunja ndi akunja omwe, kuti ntchito yawo ikwaniritsidwe, anaphatikiza makamera osiyanasiyana osati njira zingapo zojambulira, kupeza zithunzi zomwe posachedwa zidapitilira gawo la wolemba, popeza amatha kudzilankhulira okha. kusinthika komweko mwachangu komanso kothandiza. Zithunzi zojambulira njanji yamoto yomwe laibulale yazithunzi ya INAH tsopano ikuteteza, zandiuza kuti ndikumanenso pomwe njanji ndi kujambula zimagawana zaku Mexico. Posakhalitsa, kujambula kumawonetsa zisonyezo zakukula koteroko, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ojambula akhazikike m'misewu ikuluikulu yamizinda.
Mwachitsanzo, ku Mexico City, mzaka makumi anayi zam'zaka zapitazi, ojambula, makamaka ochokera kumayiko ena komanso nzika zochepa, omwe anali m'misewu yapakati pa Plateros ndi San Francisco, ambiri aiwo anaika m'mahotela kwakanthawi ndikulengeza za ntchito zawo m'manyuzipepala akumaloko.
Koma patadutsa zaka makumi awiri, ma studio opitilira 100 a zithunzi anali akugwira ntchito, mkati ndi kunja kwa malo awo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira mwachangu kuposa ma daguerreotypes, monga njira yolakwika yoyambira ndi kolodiyamu momwe adagwiritsidwira ntchito mapepala momwe galimoto yamchere yasiliva yomwe imanyamula chithunzicho inali albumin ndi chingwe, zonse podzisindikiza zokha zomwe zimafuna nthawi yayitali kuti mupeze bukuli, lodziwika ndi mawu ake a sepia ndi matchulidwe ake, osakhala ochepa kanyumba kamene kamapangidwa ndi mchere wachitsulo.
Mpaka pakati pa makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu pomwe mbale yowuma ya gelatin idawonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kujambula kujambula kusinthasintha ndikupangitsa kuti kupezeka kwa zikwi za ojambula, omwe osati kungofuna kujambula, koma monga chizolowezi chojambula zithunzi, amatha kufikira m'litali ndi m'lifupi mdzikolo.
Chifukwa cha njanjiyi, akatswiri amakamera adawonekera m'malo osiyanasiyana mdzikolo. Iwo anali makamaka ojambula akunja, omwe ntchito yawo inali kujambula njanji, koma sananyalanyaze mwayi wolemba malo ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku waku Mexico panthawiyo.
Zithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsa nkhaniyi zikugwirizana ndi ojambula awiri, Gove ndi North. Pamodzi, amatipangitsa kuti tiwone wogulitsa miphika akuyang'ana pagawo la njanji, kapena ayi, amatipangitsa kudziwa za kukongola kwa njanji zomangira milatho ndi tunnel; m'mawonekedwe ena, malo okwerera sitima ndi sitima zimadzutsa chibwenzi. Timawonanso zilembo zokhudzana ndi njanji yomwe idasankha malo olandilapo owonera anthu kuti akwere.
Ku Mexico, njanji komanso kujambula, zogwirizana kwambiri, zimawona kupita kwanthawi kudzera pazithunzi zopangidwa ndi kuwala, zomwe, posintha njanji, mwadzidzidzi zidadula ndikusintha zomwe zidalipo kuti zibwerere m'mbuyomu, kugonjetsa nthawi ndi kuiwalika.
Gwero Mexico mu Time # 26 September / October 1998
