"Comadre, ndikamwalira, panga chigubu ndi dongo langa. Ngati uli ndi ludzu mu bebay ngati kupsompsona kwa charro wako kugunda milomo yako"
Charrería, imodzi mwa miyambo yeniyeni yaku Mexico, ndi gawo la chikhalidwe chawo. Adapangidwa ndi ziweto ndi ntchito zaulimi, ma charro oyamba kukhala oweta ng'ombe ndi antchito awo. Mbiri yake imayamba pomwe, pang'ono ndi pang'ono, Amwenye ndi ma mestizo adayandikira mahatchiwo ndikuphunzira mosavuta kuti adawonetsa kuti apeza zinthu zina zambiri zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chawo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kavalo kunali kololedwa kwa anthu aku Spain okha, chifukwa amwenye ndi ma mestizo anali oletsedwa; ngakhale kuti omalizawa anali mbadwa za mafumu, sakanakhala magulu ankhondo opha. Komabe, popita nthawi, adadziwika oyendetsa, ngakhale ku Europe.
Hatchiyo idabweretsedwa ndi aku Spain ochokera ku Antilles, komwe imatha kukula mwanjira yapadera. Poyamba, kuleredwa kwake kunangokhala ku Spanish ndi Creole; Komabe, mulimonsemo Amwenye ndi ma mestizo amayenera kusamalira nyama zonse ndipo popeza mahatchi anali aufulu, adawona kuti ndizofunikira kuti lasso, kukwera, kuwachepetsa, ndi zina zambiri, kuphatikiza ndi chingwe, amatha kuwongolera akavalo. nyama zamtchire, ndipo ndi momwe Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza adakakamizidwira kuperekera chilolezo kwa amwenye kuti akwere, popeza amayenera kuteteza malowo ndikusamalira ziweto.
Chovala cha charro chili, pakati pazakale, zovala za okwera pamahatchi aku Spain, omwe adapanga zovala zapadera, makamaka zapamwamba, zokongoletsa zasiliva ndi golide. Malinga ndi akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale, chiyambi chake chachikulu ndi chovala cha Salamanca, Spain, chomwe chimatchedwanso "charro".
A charros adatenga nawo gawo mwapadera munthawi zambiri zaku Mexico, pamavuto komanso pakusungitsa bata, ndipo chifukwa cha zomwe adachita adalimbikitsanso anthu awo. Chifukwa chake, panthawi ya Nkhondo Yodziyimira pawokha adathandizira kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti "anyamata onyentchera"; Amadziwikanso ndi kulimba kwawo pakugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chomwe anali kugwiritsa ntchito ma lasso Royalists mu Bajío.
Gulu lofunika linali "tamarindos", omwe, pamodzi ndi "mbuye" Juan Nepomuceno Oviedo, mwini wake wa malo ogulitsa Bocas ku San Luis Potosí, adamenya nkhondo pankhondo ya Puente de Calderón komanso pamalo a Cuautla, pomwe panjira Oviedo anamwalira.
Khalidwe lina lodziwika ndi kavalidwe kake ndi Don Pedro Nava. Zovala zake zinali ndimabuluu ansalu yabuluu okhala ndi mabatani a siliva ndi lamba wa silika wovekedwa ndi mipiringidzo yagolide, chikopa cha deers chokhala ndi zingwe zasiliva, nsapato za a cowboy komanso zopota zachitsulo.
Maximiliano mosakayikira anali m'modzi mwa omwe adalimbikitsa suti ya charro, ngakhale adasintha zina mwazomwe zidasungidwa mpaka pano. Anakonda jekete lalifupi, lopanda zokongoletsera komanso buluku lolimba lomwe lili ndimabatani siliva; chipewa chomwe chimakwaniritsa kavalidwe kake chinali ndi mulomo wachitsulo, wolukidwa ndi siliva, komanso shawl ya zinthu zomwezo. Paulendo wake, mfumuyo idatsagana ndi "okwera pamahatchi." Khamu lonse lidavala zovala zawo monyadira kwambiri.
Masaraso ndi ma jorongo amapangidwanso, slang mathalauza akuda ndi oyera kwa mabwana, komanso ofiira ndi akuda kwa antchito, komanso ma jekete, ma breeches ndi mathalauza achikopa.
Amayi ankasokerera malaya a abambo, abale ndi zibwenzi ndi chakudya chomwecho chomwe amapangira zovala zomwe amakonda. Chifukwa chake, zokometsera zosiyanasiyana zidawonjezeredwa ku zipewa zomwe zimafanana ndi zovala zonse: zojambula zamaluwa, ziwombankhanga, akadzidzi, njoka, ndi zina zambiri, zonse zasiliva kapena zagolide, kutengera zokonda ndi mwayi wa eni ake.
Chovalachi chakhala ndi magawo awiri ofunikira kwambiri: omwe amafanana ndi nthawi ya Maximiliano ndi omwe adadzuka pambuyo pake ndipo akupitilizabe mpaka pano, ndikusinthidwa, makamaka pankhani ya chipewa.
Pali masuti osiyanasiyana: imodzi yantchito, yomwe imakonda kwambiri pamipikisano; theka la gala, lomwe ndi lokongoletsa kwambiri ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupikisana; diresi ya gala yomwe, ngakhale imatha kuvala pamahatchi, siyigwiritsidwe ntchito pochita ntchito; gala wamkulu, yemwe ntchito yake ndi yofanana ndi gala, imakhala yovomerezeka, ngakhale yocheperako ndi kavalidwe kovomerezeka. Pomaliza, pali zamakhalidwe kapena miyambo, yomwe ndi yokongola kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yapadera, koma osakwera pakavalo.
Chovala cha charro sichingavalidwe mwanjira iliyonse: pali malamulo achindunji ovala, omwe awonetsedwa mosamala ndi omwe akufuna kusunga miyambo.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri pazovala za charro ndi ma spurs, otchuka kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ku Amozoc, Puebla ..., "omwe mabasiketi awo samathetsa nthawi, komanso kuyenda sikuyenda bwino ...", malinga ndi mawu odziwika. Kumbali inayi, ma spurs amasunga cholowa chamapangidwe achiarabu ndi aku Spain kukhala amoyo.
Akavalo amayeneranso kuvala zapamwamba ndi mahatchi omwe amafanana ndi zovala za eni ake ndipo chishalo chidasinthidwa pomwe ntchito zatsopano zimatuluka ndi ng'ombe. Momwemonso, anquera idapangidwa, mbadwa ya gualdrapa, yomwe ili ngati chikopa chakuda enagüilla chomwe chimakwirira chovala cha kavalo ndipo chimazunguliridwa mozungulira gawo lake lakumunsi ndi timizere totseguka bwino kapena "brincos", pomwe pamakhala zokongoletsa zina zotchedwa "Higas" ndi "kermes" omwe anthu amatcha "phokoso". Cholinga cha kuphatikana kumeneku ndikuti tiwumbe mwana wa bulu ndikumuyendetsa; Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muthandizire maphunziro anu ndikukutetezani ku kukungika kwa ng'ombe zamphongo.
Otsutsa momwe charrería adapangidwira, ngati gulu lofunikira, tili nawo m'zaka za zana la 18, pomwe gulu lankhondo lomwe limatchedwa "Dragones de la Cuera" lidateteza ma presidios ochokera ku Matagorda Bay, ku Gulf, mpaka ku Sacramento River, ku Kumpoto kwa California. Iwo anateteza New Spain ku nkhondo zachilendo za Amwenye kumbuyo mu 1730.
Kuchokera pazovala za asitikaliwo, chikopa cha suede chidawonekera, chomwe chimagonjetsedwa ndi mivi ndipo chimakhala ngati escahuipil kuyambira nthawi zisanachitike ku Spain.
Chovala ichi chinali ndi manja ndipo chimafika mpaka m'maondo; anali atakulungidwa mkati ndi chikopa cha nkhosa ndipo anali kuvala ndi lamba wachikopa wopachikidwa pachifuwa; Kuphatikiza apo, zida za mfumu zidalukidwa m'matumba achikopa.
Source: Mexico mu Time # 28 Januware / February 1999
