Mosakayikira, mitundu yambiri yazachilengedwe yomwe ilipo m'chigawochi chapakati chakum'mawa kwa Mexico ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mu 1997 boma la Mexico lidalengeza kuti ndi "malo osungira zachilengedwe".
Koma kasamalidwe kophatikizika ka madera achilengedwe oterewa amakhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimangopitilira lamulo chabe. Kafukufuku wazomera, nyama ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe; Kukhazikitsidwa ndi kuphunzitsa anthu akumapiri kuti adzawaphatikize nawo pantchito yoteteza nkhokwe, komanso kuwongolera kovuta kuti apeze ndalama zolipirira ntchito zonsezi, ndi zina mwazovuta zomwe zimachitika pakadutsa zaka khumi Gulu Lachilengedwe la Sierra Gorda IAP komanso mabungwe akumapiri akhala akukumana.
SIERRA GORDA: CHITSIMIKIZO CHA Chuma Cha BIOTIC
Kufunika kwachilengedwe kwa Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve (RBSG) kwayimira kwambiri zachilengedwe zaku Mexico, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi kupezeka kwa zachilengedwe zingapo m'malo abwino osungira m'dera laling'ono. Izi zachilengedwe zimayankha kuphatikiza zinthu zingapo zokhudzana ndi momwe madera aku Sierra Gorda alili. Kumbali imodzi, malo ake ozungulira amayika pamalire a gawo la Mexico komwe zigawo ziwiri zazikulu zachilengedwe ku America zimakumana: Nearctic, yomwe imachokera ku North Pole kupita ku Tropic of Cancer, ndi Neotropical, yomwe imachokera Tropic ya Khansa kupita ku Ecuador. Kuwonjezeka kwa madera onsewa kumapangitsa kuti Sierra ndi nyengo yodabwitsa kwambiri, zokongola komanso zinyama, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zachilengedwe zam'mapiri zaku Mesoamerican.
Kumbali ina, malo ake akumpoto ndi kumwera, monga gawo la mapiri a Sierra Madre Oriental, amapangitsa kuti Sierra Gorda ikhale yotchinga yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imasunga chinyezi chomwe chimakhala m'miyulu yochokera ku Gulf of Mexico. Ntchitoyi ikuyimira gwero lalikulu lamadzi obwezeretsanso madzi osefukira komanso zovala zapansi panthaka zomwe zimapatsa madzi okhala nzika zaku Sierra ndi za Huasteca Potosina. Kuphatikiza pa izi, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cholembedwa ndi nsalu yotchinga yomwe imayimira dziko la Sierra kumatulutsa chinyezi chodabwitsa m'derali. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mukakhala kumtunda kwakum'mawa, komwe mphepo ya Gulf imawombana, mvula imagwa mpaka mamilimita 2 000 pachaka, ndikupanga nkhalango zosiyanasiyana, kutsetsereka kwina "mthunzi wa chilala" umapangidwa malo mdera louma lomwe mvula imagwa mpaka 400 mm pachaka.
Mofananamo, mapiri otsetsereka a Sierra Gorda amathandizanso pakusintha kwachilengedwe, chifukwa pomwe zili pachimake, pamtunda wa mamitala 3,000 pamwamba pamadzi, timapeza kutentha pansi pa 12 ° C, m'mitsinje yakuya ndipo imatsika mpaka 300 msnm, kutentha kumatha kufika 40 ° C.
Mwachidule, kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zonsezi kumapangitsa kuti Sierra Gorda akhale amodzi mwa madera ochepa am'maiko momwe madera ofunikira kwambiri mdzikoli amapezeka: mapiri ouma, ozizira, otentha komanso otentha. Monga ngati izi sizinali zokwanira, chilichonse mwazinthu zazikuluzikuluzi chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazachilengedwe, komanso mitundu yambiri yazachilengedwe. Umboni wa izi ndi mitundu yoposa 1,800 yazomera zam'mimba zomwe zapezeka mpaka pano - zambiri mwazomwe zimachitika -, komanso mitundu 118 ya macromycetes, mitundu 23 ya amphibiya, mitundu 71 ya zokwawa, 360 za mbalame ndi 131 za zinyama.
Kwa zonsezi, Sierra Gorda imawerengedwa kuti ndi malo osowa kwambiri mdziko muno, malinga ndi mitundu yazomera komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera.
ZOTHANDIZA ZOKHUDZITSA NTCHITO
Koma kuti chuma chonse cha ku Sierra Gorda chitetezedwe mwalamulo, ntchito yayitali inali yofunikira yomwe imakhudza ntchito zingapo zofufuza za sayansi, kukwezedwa pakati pa anthu okhala m'mapiri ndi oyang'anira kuti apeze zothandizira pamaso pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana Za boma. Zonsezi zidayamba mu 1987, pomwe gulu la Queretans lomwe linali ndi chidwi choteteza ndi kubwezeretsa chuma chachilengedwe ku Sierra lipanga Sierra Gorda iap Ecological Group (GESG). Zomwe zatoleredwa kwa zaka khumi ndi bungweli zinali zofunikira kwa akuluakulu aboma (boma ndi federa) komanso UNESCO kuzindikira kufunika kofulumira kuteteza dera lachilengedwe lofunika chonchi. Zikatero, pa Meyi 19, 1997, boma la Mexico lidapereka lamulo loti mahekitala 384,000 okhudzana ndi ma municipalities asanu kumpoto kwa boma la Querétaro ndi madera oyandikana ndi San Luis Potosí ndi Guanajuato atetezedwe mgulu la Reserve of the Dziko la Sierra Gorda.
Pambuyo pakupambana kwakukulu, vuto lotsatira la GESG ndi oyang'anira Reserve adakhala pakupanga pulogalamu yoyang'anira yomwe ingakhale chitsogozo pakukhazikitsa zochitika ndi mapulojekiti, munthawi zodziwika bwino komanso m'malo amderalo. Mwanjira imeneyi, RBSG Management Program idakhazikitsidwa motengera nthanthi yotsatirayi: "Kukonzanso ndi kusunga zachilengedwe za ku Sierra ndi njira zawo zosinthira kudzatheka pokhapokha kutheka kuphatikiza anthu okhala m'mapiri pazinthu zomwe amasinthidwa kukhala ntchito ndi njira zina zamaphunziro zomwe zimawapindulitsa ”. Mogwirizana ndi izi, pulogalamu yoyang'anira pakadali pano ikupanga ntchito zinayi zofunika:
Ntchito Yophunzitsa Zachilengedwe
Kuphatikiza kuyendera kwa mwezi ndi mwezi kwa olimbikitsa ophunzitsidwa ku 250 masukulu oyambira ndi aku sekondale ku Sierra kuti apange pakati pa ana kuzindikira ulemu kwa Amayi Earth; Kudzera muzochita zosangalatsa amaphunzira pamitu yosiyanasiyana yazachilengedwe, monga nyama zamapiri, kayendedwe ka madzi, kuipitsa chilengedwe, kukonzanso mitengo, kulekanitsa zinyalala zolimba, ndi zina zambiri.
Ntchito Yowonjezera Anthu
Kufufuzidwa kwa njira zina zachuma komanso chuma zomwe zimawongolera phindu lakumtunda komanso kuteteza zachilengedwe akuti. Izi zimatheka kudzera pakusintha kopindulitsa, kuzindikira zachilengedwe komanso kusintha kwa malingaliro pakati pa anthu akuluakulu akumapiri. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchezera kwa omwe amalimbikitsa madera ndikofunikira kuti athe kuphunzitsa ndi kuthandizira gulu, kuti athandizire kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zomwe cholinga chake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zachilengedwe. Izi zikuphatikiza: minda yam'banja yopitilira 300 yomwe yapangitsa kuti mapiri azikhala athanzi komanso azachuma komanso kubwezeretsa dothi lokhala ndi nkhalango; masitovu opitilira 500 akumidzi omwe amayatsa moto womwewo kuti agwiritse ntchito kangapo panthawi imodzi, makamaka kudula mitengo; ntchito zophunzitsira, kuyeretsa, kupatukana ndi kusunga zinyalala zolimba kuti zitsimikizidwenso, ndi zimbudzi zachilengedwe za 300 zomwe makina ake amazisunga zouma, ndikuthandizira ukhondo wa mitsinje.
Ntchito Yokonzanso Nkhalango
Kwenikweni zimaphatikizapo kupezanso madera okhala ndi nkhalango komanso nthaka yanthaka, kudzera mumitengo yamitengo, mitengo, zipatso kapena mitundu yachilendo, kutengera chilengedwe ndi zachuma mdera lililonse. Chifukwa chake, zatheka kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zachilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe m'nkhalango ndi nkhalango zowonongedwa ndi moto komanso kuzunza mopanda nzeru kwa anthu odula mitengo kapena oweta ziweto, ndikupanga ntchito zokhazikika kwa anthu okhala m'mapiri.
Ntchito Yachilengedwe
Zimakhala ndi maulendo owongoleredwa m'malo osiyanasiyana m'nkhalangoyi, kuti mukasangalale ndi zinyama, nyama ndi malo azachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana zomwe zilimo. Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndikuti anthu okhala m'mapiri atha kupindula poyang'anira mayendedwe, owongolera, malo ogona komanso chakudya cha alendowo, pomwe amapindula ndi mapiri. Maulendowa atha kuyenda wapansi, wokwera pamahatchi, njinga, galimoto kapena bwato, ndipo amatha tsiku limodzi kapena angapo.
VUTO LAPANSI
Monga tingawonere, ndizovuta kutsimikizira njira yomwe imawonetsetsa kuti zachilengedwe zikuyenda bwino ngati kulibe olimba, olimba mtima komanso otenga nawo mbali nthawi zonse kwa onse omwe akukhudzidwa. Mavuto azachuma omwe akukhudza Mexico yonse pakadali pano akuwoneka kuti akukhudza kwambiri zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zopitilira khumi pofuna kukhazikika kwa malowa. Zatsimikiziridwa kale m'mbuyomu kuti pophatikiza zoyesayesa za mabungwe osiyanasiyana aboma, anthu wamba a serrana ndi a Gesg ngati ngos, zochitika zingapo zenizeni zachitika pofuna kuteteza, kuchira ndi ukhondo Zachilengedwe zaku Sierra, komanso kukhathamiritsa kwapamwamba kwa miyoyo ya nzika zake. Komabe, pali zambiri zoti zichitike; Chifukwa chake, kuyitanidwa kwa Reserve Directorate kumapereka chiwonetsero chakuwonekeranso mozama paudindo waukulu womwe anthu onse aku Mexico akuyenera kuthandizira posamalira ndi kusamalira mosasunthika chilengedwechi.
