Ndili ndi scalpel mdzanja langa; Ndikuwona bwino kwambiri chidutswa chachikulu cha zojambula zisanachitike ku Las Higueras, Veracruz, zokutidwa ndi azungu (ndiwo mchere, monga adandifotokozera bwino).
Ndimasunga lumo kuti lisasunthike mainchesi angapo kuchokera pazithunzi. Masomphenya anga amangotengera mtundu wa utoto, zotumphuka zachikasu pang'ono; chogwirizira chachitsulo chomwe ndimagwira osasunthika komanso ndafu ya chikhoto choyera choyera. Ndimadutsa m'modzi m'modzi malangizo atsatanetsatane amomwe mungapangire kuti "decarbonize" utoto. Anali wokondwa kwambiri kotero kuti chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chinali chidziwitso chomwe anali nacho: kulowererapo mwachindunji ndi chida chokhudza chikhalidwe chamtunduwo; Zinkawoneka ngati kuti anzanga akusukulu, aphunzitsi, womuthandizira kulibe.
Ankalingalira mwadala zomwe akufuna kuchita. Ndinakhala wozizira kwakanthawi (kenako adandiuza kuti akungondiyang'ana chete). Ndinaganiza zoyamba, ndidatsitsa dzanja langa, ndidadzikanda mopanda mantha koma ndikukayika; sindimafuna kukanda utoto pachifukwa chilichonse. Inali mphindi yoyamba pomwe, monga wophunzira pantchito yobwezeretsa, adachita njira yosamalira ndikuyamikira bwino ntchito yoyambirira, yofunika pachikhalidwe. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ndikhale ndi moyo wanga komanso malingaliro anga pazikhalidwe zamtunduwu.
Pazaka zonse zanga zophunzira ku Manuel deI Castillo Negrete National Conservation, Restoration and Museography School of the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), tsiku ndi tsiku ndimalandila ziphunzitso ndi zothandiza zomwe zimasintha moyo wanga ndikupitilira : adandiphunzitsa ntchito yobwezeretsa mwa kunditsegulira gawo lalikulu lazikhalidwe zamtunduwu ndipo adandidziwitsa kufunikira kwakusamalira, za gawo lomwe cholowa cha makolo chimachita pakupanga dzina lathu. Ndidatuluka pasukuluyi ndili wokonzeka kuthana ndi mavuto owonongeka ndi kusintha, kulingalira komanso zakuthupi, zakubwezeretsa.
Wobwezeretsa ku Mexico ali ndi maziko operekera njira zotetezera muntchito zamtundu uliwonse, maluso kapena zinthu (zoumbaumba, zojambula pakhoma, kupaka paseli, pepala ndi zithunzi, zitsulo, miyala, matabwa ndi ziboliboli za polychrome, zinthu zakale, nsalu ndi zida zoimbira), motsimikiza kuti chiphunzitsochi ndichofanana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa chilengedwe, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito kwake, mankhwala ndi njira zake ndizosiyana. Kumbali inayi, kudziwika kwambiri kwa anzawo ochokera kumayiko ena kuli kutali ndi ife.
Ntchitoyi yakhala yovuta nthawi zonse; Ndipo sikuti ku Mexico kuli chuma chochepa choti abwezeretse; koma ndizosiyana. M'malo mwake, pali mabungwe ochepa omwe akuphatikizapo kubwezeretsa pakati pazolinga zawo. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri m'chigawochi (chomwe chimayankhula za ntchito yayikulu pantchitoyi).
Ndikofunika kuwona mbiri yakale kuti tikumbukire momwe Sukuluyo idakhazikitsidwa komanso momwe yakhudzira gawo lazikhalidwe zachikhalidwe. Amunafe timateteza, kusamalira komanso tikufuna kupitiliza zomwe timakonda. Katundu amapeza kufunika tikazindikira tanthauzo lapadera, lomwe limalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tidziwa momwe ntchito za makolo athu zidapangidwira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zidzakhala ndi mbiri yakale pachikhalidwe chathu. Momwemonso, tidzapewa kuwonongedwa ndipo tidzapulumutsa pazowonongekazo katundu wathu yemwe timayamikiranso chifukwa chake timadziwa.
Kubwezeretsa kwasintha mogwirizana ndi zaluso ndi mbiriyakale. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri cholinga chinali kufuna kukhalabe wokongola; za ntchito kuyamikira kwake kokongoletsa osati kutsimikizika kwake kunali kopambana. Chifukwa cha kukongola, zochitika zingapo zidapangidwa zomwe tsopano titha kuziyika ngati zokwiya kapena "zabodza".
Monga gawo lapadera pamaphunziro anga, ndimakumbukira momwe aphunzitsi adalimbikitsira, kutsindika za nauseam, polemekeza choyambirira monga lingaliro lofunikira la wobwezeretsa.
Mizinda yaku Italiya ya Pompeii ndi Herculaneum yomwe idafooka munthawi ndi phulusa la kuphulika kwa Vesuvius idapezeka m'zaka za zana la 18. Kusiyanasiyana kwa ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zidapezeka pazofukulidwazo zidapangitsa kulimba kwa njira zokongoletsa zomwe zimayang'anira kubwezeretsa kugwedezeka, kusiya zinthu zomwe sizinawoneke ngati "ntchito zaluso", popeza zimawoneka kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri kuphunzira ndi kuteteza maumboni aposachedwa awa m'mbiri. .
M'zaka zapitazi zathu zakhala zikuchulukira m'mabwinja ndi sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndikuphunzira ndikumasulira zofukulidwa m'mabwinja, zaluso ndi ntchito za mafakitale nthawi zina zimabweretsa masomphenya okulirapo a zotsalira zomwe ziyenera kutetezedwa. Chomwe chikuyendetsa patsogolo kupititsa patsogolo malangizowa ndikutsogola kwachitukuko kwaukadaulo ndi kuvomereza, ndi maboma, pantchito yake yopereka umboni wowoneka wazidziwitso zam'mbuyomu zomwe pamodzi ndi zinthu zosagwirika ndi malingaliro amapanga umunthu wa anthu.
Chidwi chomwe ndidasiyidwa ndikufotokozera kwa pulofesa zinthu ziwiri zomwe zidafika pamsonkhano wazomwe zimakhalapo ndimakumbukirabe: dengu lakale la ku Spain lomwe silinagawanike, kuchokera pakufukula, momwe munali timapepala tating'ono. opindidwa mkati mwa izi, mbewu za phwetekere: anali ma tacos aku Mesoamerican. Chinthu china chinali mkate wamadzi womwe unasiya kupangidwa pafupifupi zaka 40 zapitazo ndipo tsopano akuwonetsedwa ku Museum of Handicrafts ku Pátzcuaro; dengu, ma tacos ndi buledi amayenera kusungidwa kuti azitengera chikhalidwe chawo.
Kupanga kwa ku America ndikutali kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa Agiriki kotengedwa ngati kukongola kwa ku Europe. Dziko lathu limaphatikizapo cholowa chake chambiri chisanachitike ku Puerto Rico munjira yayikulu yodziwika bwino ndipo imazizindikiritsa ndi lingaliro la "chikhalidwe chamtundu".
Chiyambire kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu 1939, INAH yakhala ikuyendetsa bwino ntchito yobwezeretsa chikhalidwe chamtunduwu. Kamodzi kokhazikitsidwa, kubwezeretsa ku Mexico kumakhazikitsidwa.
United Nations Organisation for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO) (yomwe idapangidwa mu 1946), idayitanitsa thandizo mokomera zipilala zomwe zikuwopsezedwa ku Upper Egypt ndi Sudan. Kuyankha koyenera kunapangitsa Gulu kuti lipange mndandanda wokhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri za anthu komanso malo osungirako zachilengedwe okongola kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, lingaliro lidalumikizidwa mpaka pomwepo kumamveka kokha: pali udindo wothandizana ndi mayiko onse polemekeza zipilala zomwe zimafotokozera zitukuko zomwe kufunikira kwake ndikuti ndi za mbiriyakale ya umunthu wonse.
Lingaliro lamakono la "cholowa chapadziko lonse lapansi" limateteza zipilala zonse, malo osungira, malo azikhalidwe komanso malo ozungulira, komanso malo owopsa a Auchwitz-Birkenau ndi chilumba cha Gorée - omwe kutalika kwawo ndikuwonetserako zaluso kuli kopanda pake, komwe kumatha kukhazikitsidwa monga "zotsutsa".
Boma la Mexico ndi UNESCO lidakhazikitsa mgwirizano wopanga School of Conservation and Restoration of Artistic Heritage mumzinda wakale wa Churubusco, Coyoacán. Maphunziro oyambilira posakhalitsa adakhala (1968) maphunziro ofunda (1968) azaka zisanu, ndipo adalandiridwa kuchokera ku 1977 ndi Directorate General of Professional (SEP). M'chaka chimenecho chidatchedwa "Manuel deI Castillo Negrete" National Conservation, Restoration and Museography School, pokumbukira amene adayambitsa.
Sukuluyo idadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa inali mpainiya padziko lapansi popereka digiri ya Bachelor mu Restoration of Movable Property. Chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa posachedwa, gawo labwino la anthu silidziwa konse ntchito yathu.
Digiri ya Master in Architectural Restoration yomwe imaphunzitsidwa ku Sukuluyi ndi yachiwiri yakale kwambiri mdzikolo ndipo ndi yoyamba kukhala ndi nzika zophunzira komanso akunja popanda zosokoneza. Momwemonso, ndizomwe zimayambitsa maphunziro a opanga masamu, ndipo kwakanthawi adapatsidwa digiri ya master mu Museology.
Ngakhale kufunikira kwakukulu komwe Mexico ili nako kwa anthu oyenerera m'malo omwe imagwirako ntchito, ndiye bungwe lokhalo mdziko muno lomwe ladzipereka kuti liphunzitse bwino zaumunthu, kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi kufalitsa kwa chikhalidwe cha Mexico. .
Masiku ano, ofunsira amalandiridwa kuchokera kwa omwe adzalembetse maiko akunja, koma kufunikira kololedwa kuchokera ku Mexico, mwatsoka, ndikokulirapo kuposa malo omwe ali nawo. Nyumbazi zidamangidwa koyambirira kwa 1960s kwakanthawi ndipo sizinasinthidwe, kusintha, kapena kukulitsidwa. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, Sukulu ndi Cultural Heritage Restoration Directorate (tsopano National Coordination) zidasiyanitsidwa ndi oyang'anira. Pachifukwa ichi, malo omwe agawidwa amagawika ndipo madera a Sukulu amachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Ndalama zolandilidwa ndi Sukuluzi zalola kuti zizigwirabe ntchito, koma osati kuti zikule kapena kusintha malingana ndi malo ake, omwe awonongeka pakapita nthawi. Mexico ndiyonyadira kuti ili ndi chikhalidwe chambiri komanso cholemera, chomwe imalimbikitsanso ndi kampani yolipira alendo; Komabe, Sukulu yomwe imaphunzitsira akatswiri pakukonzanso mwapadera, kufufuza ndi kufalitsa ili ndi zolakwika zazikulu.
Ndizowona mtima kunena kuti, ngakhale zili pamwambapa, gulu lamaphunziro ndi oyang'anira silinasiye kukwaniritsa ntchito yotamandika yophunzitsayi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa ndikuwonjezera luso la kuphunzitsa ndikutsegulira zosankha zatsopano zakusintha ndi kupititsa patsogolo aphunzitsi ndi omaliza maphunziro. National School of Conservation, Restoration and Museography ikukwaniritsa udindo waukulu komanso ntchito yodzipereka yomwe Mexico yawapatsa. Zachidziwikire, kukonza kwa zida zake ndi zida zake kungapangitse kuti maphunziro akhale abwino komanso kuti athe kukweza njira zawo zopitilira kuchita bwino.
Ndili ndi scalpel m'manja mwanga, ndimalota za ntchito yomwe ndingachite pamoyo wanga waluso, panthawi yomwe ndimati ndilowerere koyamba pachidutswa chazithunzi chazikhalidwe zadziko. Tsopano, ndi Directorate m'manja mwanga, ndikhulupilira kuti Sukuluyo itha kulandira onse omwe adzalembetse ntchito, kuti malo ake ndi ake, olemekezeka komanso otakasuka, kuti bungweli lithetse kufunikira komwe Mexico ili nako kwa owaphunzitsira ophunzitsidwa bwino.
Chitsime: Mexico mu Time No. 4 Disembala 1994-Januware 1995
