Mishoni, miyala yoyamba yamaloto aku California, paradigm yachuma chakumadzulo, sichidziwikabe.
Mishoni, miyala yoyamba yamaloto aku California, paradigm yachuma chakumadzulo, sichidziwikabe.
Tikuwona kuti ndi chilumba kwanthawi yayitali, derali linali ng'anjo yoyaka moto kwa azungu oyamba omwe adalimba mtima kukayendera. M'Chilatini amatchula kuti calla fornaxy motero dzina California linachokera. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi adapeza kuti linali chilumba, ndipo madera omwe amapezeka kumpoto adatchedwa Alta California.
Pambuyo pa nkhondo yaku Mexico-America ya 1848, owukirawo sanangotenga dera la North California, komanso dzina loyambirira lomwe mwachilungamo limafanana ndi chilumba chomwe Mexico idasunga, chomwe chinali ndi mbiri yakale komanso miyambo yayikulu.
Mu Okutobala chaka chino zaka mazana atatu zakulamulidwa ndi atsamunda ku California zidzakondwerera. M'mwezi womwewo, koma mchaka cha 1697, ntchito yoyamba idakhazikitsidwa m'malo omwe pano amadziwika kuti Loreto, Baja California Sur.
Mu 1535 Hernán Cortés adachita kafukufuku wofunikira m'mphepete mwa chilumba, koma iye ndi oyendetsa sitima ake anali ndi chidwi chongotenga ngale ndikunyamuka, osabwereranso. Zaka zana ndi theka amayenera kudutsa kuti akunja ena akhazikike pagombe lamtchireli, lokhalamo anthu osamukasamuka ndipo pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala ankhanza. Amuna olimba mtima awa sanali opambana kapena oyendetsa sitima, koma amishonale odzichepetsa.
Dera lomwe lanyalanyazidwa, malire omaliza, Mexico yomwe idanyalanyazidwa, tsopano yasokonezedwa ndimakono komanso malo oyendera alendo omwe sanachitikepo m'chifaniziro ndi chimzake cha ku America. Pakadali pano mautumiki, miyala yoyamba yamaloto aku California, paradigm yachuma chakumadzulo, sichidziwikabe. Mwa makumi awiri omwe adalipo, asanu ndi anayi okha ndi omwe akuyimirira.
LORETO
Pa Okutobala 25, 1697, aJesuit Father Juan María de Salvatierra, adakhazikitsa mishoni yoyamba, wobatizidwa ndi dzina la Our Lady of Loreto, polemekeza Namwali wodziwika ku Italy. Mishoni idangokhala ya hema wamba, koma ntchito yolalikira pakati pa anthu amtunduwu idalola kuti kachisi wamiyala ayambike ku 1699, komwe ngakhale ili nyumba yopemphereramo, ndiye nyumba yakale kwambiri ku Californias.
Kuphunzitsa katekisimu kwa Aaborigine kunali kovuta, mpaka akatswiri a Loreto adaganiza zowaitanira kudzadya. M'miphika yayikulu yomwe idasungidwa, mtundu wa pozole udakonzedwa womwe udapangitsa chiphunzitsocho kukhala chosangalatsa, monga director of the Museum of the Missions, Estela Gutiérrez Fernández, adatifotokozera.
Anatiuzanso kuti pamwambo wokumbukira zaka 300 za Loreto Mission, cholinga chake ndi kugwira ntchito zosamalira onse, komanso gawo lakale la doko la Loreto, omwe nyumba zawo zamatabwa zakale theka la khumi ndi ziwiri zimasungidwa.
SAN JAVIER
Wansembe waku Loreto, Isaac Villafaña, amayenda mgalimoto yake pafupifupi katatu pamwezi mumsewu wowopsa, pakati pa mapiri, wopita ku San Javier, ndipo sipakhala anthu achipembedzo kumeneko. Kuyenda mtawuni yaying'ono iyi ndikubwerera mmbuyo ndikuwona nyumba za adobe ndi nyumba za kanjedza. Bell tower, zokongoletsera miyala ndi miyala itatu ya Baroque yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1699, yoyenera mzinda, kudabwitsidwa m'malo akutali komanso opanda anthu.
MULEGÉ
Nkhondo yokhayo yomwe anthu aku Mexico adapangitsa kuti aku America athamange pankhondo ya 1847 inali ku Mulegé. M'chaka chimenecho, mishoni yakomweko, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1705, idasiyidwa kale, pomwe maJesuit adathamangitsidwa ku New Spain mu 1768.
Santa Rosalía de Mulegé adamangidwa pafupi ndi mtsinje ndi gombe la Nyanja ya Cortez. Ndiwotsogola kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri pantchitozi. Mukapita ku Mulegé ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti Community Museum yomwe ili mndende yakale.
SAN IGNACIO
Tawuni ya San Ignacio ili m'mbali mwa chilumbachi, yomwe ili pafupi ndi madera a peninsula, komwe kuli mitengo ya kanjedza. Tithokoze chifukwa chogwira ntchito nthawi zonse komanso thandizo la okhulupirika, ndiye ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Zojambula zake, ziboliboli ndi mipando ndizoyambira m'zaka za zana la 18.
SANTA GERTRUDIS
Ntchito ya Santa Gertrudis ili m'chigawo cha Baja California, mosiyana ndi anayi am'mbuyomu omwe ali ku Baja California Sur.
Kukhazikika mu 1752, Santa Gertrudis, ndi nyumba yolimba yomwe makoma ake, zipinda zake ndi façade zimawonetsa ntchito yamtengo wapatali. Imakhala ndi zidutswa zofunikira zamakoloni ndipo bell tower ndiyoyambirira chifukwa imasiyana ndi kachisi.
Abambo Mario Menghini Pecci, wobadwira ku Italy koma ali ndi zaka 46 akugwira ntchito pachilumbachi, adalandira ndalama ndiukadaulo waluso pakukonzanso kachisi wa mishoni.
Choyamba, amayenera kupeza limodzi ndi nzika zina za Baja California, bungwe laboma lotchedwa Mejibó A.C., mawu omwe ndi kulira kwachisangalalo kuchokera kwa mbadwa za Cochimí. Kenako adalandira thandizo kuchokera ku Exastadora de Sal, S.A. ndi kazembe wa Baja California, Héctor Terán.
SAN BORJA
Makilomita zana kumpoto kwa Santa Gertrudis, ku Baja California, komwe kuli nkhalango ya cactus, komwe kuli pitahayas ndi choyas, komanso makhadi ndi makandulo oyimilira mpaka mamitala asanu ndi anayi, ndi cholinga cha San Borja.
Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1762, anali womaliza mwa mamishoni omwe anamangidwa pachilumbachi. Zili ndizodziwika bwino kuti pali mabwinja osungidwa a kachisi woyambirira, mamitala ochepa kuchokera ku kachisi wamiyala womangidwa ndi a Dominican atachoka a Jesuit; zomwe ndizovuta koma zofunika kudziletsa.
Chifukwa chosiya, chipinda cha San Borja chidasokonekera ndipo chidatayika, kotero chimatha kugwa ngati sichimangidwanso. Wansembe Mario Menghini, yemwe pano ndi nthumwi ya episcopal kuti abwezeretse ntchito ziwiri za Baja California, adatifotokozera kuti tsamba ili silinabwezeretsedwe ndipo bajeti ya ntchitoyi ndi miliyoni miliyoni 600 za pesos, chifukwa zimafuna kukonzedwa bwino. Komabe, San Borja ndi umodzi mwamisonkhano yomwe amakonda kwambiri apaulendo chifukwa choyambira komanso kukongola.
PAKATI PA UTUMIKI WINA
Ku Baja California Sur mautumiki ena atatu apulumuka; La Paz ndi Todos Santos, m'matawuni omwe ali ndi mayina omwewo, atayika mawonekedwe awo akale chifukwa chazinthu zopanda nzeru zamasiku ano, motero alibe chidwi. Mbali inayi, San Luis Gonzaga, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku 1740, ili m'chigawo chake choyambirira, ikusunga chikhalidwe chawo ndipo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri.
Mamishoni a Baja California ndi chuma chenicheni chomwe chitha kuwonekeranso koma chimafunika kusamala ndikugwira ntchito kuti chikwaniritse.
Gwero: Unknown Mexico No. 248 / October 1997
