Devil's Canyon ndi zenera lakale pomwe tili ndi mwayi wowona zoyambira zachitukuko mdziko lathu.
El Cañón del Diablo ndi, malo ofukula mabwinja komanso anthropologically, ndi amodzi mwamalo ofunikira kwambiri m'boma la Tamaulipas ndi Mexico.
Ili m'dera lina lakutali kwambiri kumpoto kwa Sierra de Tamaulipas, canyon inali malo amodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu: kuphunzira kupanga zomwe angadye. M'dera lamapiri lapaderali, pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono lomwe linatenga zaka masauzande ambiri, oyamba kukhala mdera la Tamaulipas adasinthika kuchoka pagawo lakusaka osamukira komweko mpaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa madera okhala pansi, chifukwa chakuweta mbewu. zakutchire, makamaka chimanga (zaka 2,500 BC).
Osauka ndi osakhazikika magulu akale kwambiri, komanso mafuko ena omwe amasunga moyo wakale mpaka nthawi zam'mbuyomu, amakhala m'mapanga mazana ambiri ndi malo okhala m'miyala nthawi yonse ya canyon, ndipo adasiya zomwe zili zotsalira lero zofukulidwa m'mabwinja. Komabe, chidwi chathu chinali paumboni wapadera kwambiri, wowoneka bwino komanso wosangalatsa wa makolo athu: zojambula zamphanga za Devil's Canyon.
Chiyambi cha mbiriyakale
Lipoti loyamba lojambulidwa pazithunzizi likuchokera ku lipoti la "Esparta" Corps of Explorers of the Ciudad Victoria Secondary, Normal and Preparatory School, atafufuza ku Sierra de Tamaulipas mu Disembala 1941. Mu lipotilo "Mapanga" atatu amafotokozedwa (ngakhale ali malo okhala miyala yosaya) ndi zojambula m'mapanga zomwe zili ku Cañón del Diablo, m'boma la Casas.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, pakati pa 1946 ndi 1954, wofukula mabwinja waku America Richard S. MacNeish, pofuna kufotokozera chitukuko cha ulimi ndi chiyambi cha chimanga mdziko lathuli, adagwira ntchito yofunika yofukula m'mabwinja ndi malo ofukula m'mabwinja m'mapiri omwewo.
Kudzera pantchitoyi MacNeish yokhazikitsidwa ndi Devil's Canyon motsatizana kwa magawo asanu ndi anayi azikhalidwe: choyambirira kwambiri komanso chakale kwambiri ku Tamaulipas, gawo la Diablo, chidayamba zaka 12,000 BC. ndipo ikuyimira moyo woyendayenda woyambirira wa munthu waku America ku Mexico; Amatsatiridwa ndi magawo a Lerma, Nogales, La Perra, Almagre, Laguna, Eslabones ndi La Salta, mpaka pamapeto pake ndi gawo la Los Ángeles (1748 AD).
YENDANI KWA CHIWANDA
Podziwa mbiri yakale - kapena makamaka mbiri yakale - ya Devil's Canyon, sitingathe kukana chiyeso chokaona chimodzi mwazomwe zakhazikika m'dziko lathu. Chifukwa chake, limodzi ndi Silvestre Hernández Pérez, tidachoka ku Ciudad Mante kulowera ku Ciudad Victoria, komwe tingaphatikizane ndi a Eduardo Martínez Maldonado, bwenzi lapamtima komanso katswiri wodziwa mapanga osawerengeka komanso malo ofukula mabwinja m'boma.
Kuchokera ku Ciudad Victoria tidatenga msewu wopita ku Soto la Marina, ndipo pafupifupi ola limodzi pambuyo pake, pamapiri oyamba a Sierra de Tamaulipas, tinakhotera molunjika msewu wafumbi wamakilomita 7 womwe unkatitsogolera kudera laling'ono; Kuchokera pamenepo tidapita kumapeto komaliza komwe titha kukafika ndi galimoto, malo owetera ng'ombe komwe Don Lupe Barrón, woyang'anira malowo komanso mnzake wa Don Lalo, adatilandira mokoma mtima.
Pofotokoza cholinga cha ulendo wathu, adakonza zoti mwana wawo wamwamuna Arnoldo, ndi Hugo, wachichepere wina wochokera kufamuyo, atiperekeze paulendowu. Tsiku lomwelo, madzulo, tidakwera phiri la sierra ndikutsika kudzera chigwa chodzadza ndi nkhupakupa kulowera kumunsi kwa canyon, njira yomwe tidapitilira kutsikira mpaka pamsonkhano wake ndi Devil's Canyon; kuchokera pamenepo tikulowera kum'mwera pang'onopang'ono, mpaka tidzakwera mbali yotalikirapo yomwe ikukwera kumtunda kwa mtsinjewo. Tidafika ku Planilla ndi Cueva de Nogales.
Nthawi yomweyo tidasanthula bwaloli, limodzi mwanyumba zazikulu kwambiri komanso zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu Devil's Canyon, ndipo tidapeza pamakoma ojambula paphanga, ambiri aiwo samadziwika, kupatula zolemba zochepa zofiira; Tidawonanso, zachisoni, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zojambula zamakono zopangidwa ndi alenje omwe agwiritsa ntchito malaya ngati msasa.
Tsiku lotsatira m'mawa tinanyamuka ndikuyenda kupita komwe canyon imabadwira, kukawona malo ena. Pambuyo pa 2 km yanjira yomwe tikupeza Cave 2, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa Gulu la Esparta, pamakoma ake awiri akulu "zolembedwa" ndizoyenera kuyisilira, onse ndi utoto wofiira, osungidwa bwino kotero kuti akuwoneka kuti adapangidwa kanthawi kochepa kapitako. . MacNeish imayitanitsa mitundu iyi ya zojambula "ziwerengero", ndiye kuti, "maakaunti" kapena "manambala", omwe mwina akuyimira manambala achikale momwe dontho ndi mzere zidagwiritsidwira ntchito kujambula kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka , kapena mwanjira ya kalendala yaulimi kapena zakuthambo; MacNeish akuganiza kuti "kulemba" kotereku kumachitika kuyambira koyambirira kwambiri, monga Nogales (5000-3000 BC).
Tikupitiliza ulendo wathu wopita mumtsinje wa canyon ndipo kenako 1.5 km titha kuwona bwino Phanga 3 pakhoma loyimirira la phompho.Ngakhale amayeza pakati pa 5 ndi 6 cm, zojambula zamphanga zomwe zimapezeka mthanthwe ili ndizopatsa chidwi. Tidawona ziwerengero zomwe zimawoneka ngati shaman, nyenyezi, amuna atakwera nyama zamiyendo itatu, buluzi kapena bondo, mbalame kapena mileme, ng'ombe, kapangidwe kake ngati "gudumu lokhala ndi nkhwangwa" ndi gulu la otchulidwa kapena ziwerengero za anthu zomwe zimawoneka valani nyanga, nthenga kapena mtundu wina wa chisoti. Kuchokera pakuyimira kwa wokwera pamahatchi ndi "ng'ombe", zotheka munthawi zakale zokha, MacNeish amaliza kuti zojambulazo zidapangidwa ndi Indian Raisins m'zaka za zana la 18.
Titayenda pafupifupi 9 km kuchokera ku Planilla de Nogales, pamapeto pake tidawona Cave 1. Ndi phanga lalikulu mkati mwala laphompho.
Mawonekedwe amiyala asungidwa bwino, ambiri aiwo amapezeka kumwamba kapena padenga la pogona. Mutha kuwona ma gridi, mizere yolunjika, magulu amizere ndi mfundo ndi mizere ya wavy, komanso ziwonetsero zajambulidwe zomwe, malinga ndi kutanthauzira kwaposachedwa kwa luso la miyala, zikuyimira masomphenya a asamariya panthawi yazidziwitso.
Komanso padenga pali zojambula ziwiri zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi nyenyezi. Mwinanso zojambula izi ndizolemba za zochitika zakuthambo zomwe zidachitika pafupifupi zaka chikwi chimodzi zapitazo, pomwe chinthu chowala kasanu ndi kamodzi kuposa Venus chidawonekera mu gulu la Taurus, lowoneka masana; Pankhaniyi, William C. Miller adawerengera kuti pa Julayi 5, 1054 A.D. panali cholumikizira chodabwitsa cha supernova wowala ndi mwezi wa kachigawo, supernova iyi pokhala kuphulika kwa nyenyezi yayikulu yomwe idatulutsa khansa yayikulu ya Cancer.
Pamwamba ndi pakhoma la thanthwe ili timapezanso manja ang'onoang'ono opakidwa utoto, ena mwa iwo ali ndi zala zinayi zokha; kupitirira pansi, pafupifupi pansi, ndikujambula kwakuda kochititsa chidwi komwe kumawoneka ngati chigoba cha fulu.
Pobwerera kumsasa, paulendowu tinataya madzi chifukwa chakutentha kwambiri, kubwereza kwa dzuwa ndikutha; Milomo yathu idayamba kusendeka, tinayenda masitepe ochepa padzuwa ndikukhala pansi kuti tikapumule pansi pamitengo ya popula, poganiza kuti tikumwa tambula yayikulu komanso yotsitsimula yamadzi ozizira.
Atatsala pang'ono kufika ku Sheet, m'modzi mwa omwe adatsogolera adanenanso kuti miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo wachibale adabisala chigubu cha pulasitiki m'miyala ina yamtsinje; Mwamwayi, adachipeza ndipo mwanjira imeneyi tidatsitsa ludzu lalikulu lomwe tidamva, mosasamala kanthu ka fungo lake komanso kukoma kwake. Tinayambanso kuyenda, tinakwera Planilla, ndipo ndili ndi pafupifupi 300 m kuti ndikafike pamsasa, ndinatembenuka kuti ndiwone Silvestre, yemwe amangobwera kutsetsereka pafupifupi 50 m kumbuyo kwanga.
Komabe, titangofika kumsasa, tinadabwa kuti Silvestre anachedwa kufika, choncho nthawi yomweyo tinapita kukamusaka, koma osamupeza; Zinkawoneka ngati zosatheka kwa ife kuti anali atasochera pang'ono kuchokera kumsasa, ndipo ndinkaganiza kuti china chake choopsa kwambiri chamuchitikira. Ndi madzi ochepera lita imodzi, ndidaganiza zokhala ndi Don Lalo usiku wina ku La Planilla, ndipo ndidauza owongolera kuti abwerere kufamuyo ndi mahatchi kuti akapemphe thandizo ndikutidzaziranso ndi madzi.
Tsiku lotsatira, m'mawa kwambiri, ndidatsegula chidebe cha chimanga kuti ndimwe madziwo, ndipo patadutsa kanthawi ndidakuliranso ku Silvestre, ndipo nthawi ino adayankha, adapeza njira yobwerera!
Pambuyo pake m'modzi mwa owongolera pamahatchi adafika ndi malita 35 amadzi; Tidakhuta, tidabisa karafu yamadzi m'miyala yogona ndikusiya Fomu. Arnoldo, yemwe anabweretsa nyama zina ndi kubwera kudzatithandiza, pambuyo pake anachoka pafamuyo ndi njira ina, koma m'chigwacho anawona njira zathu ndikubwerera.
Pomaliza, patadutsa maola atatu ndi theka, tinabwerera ku munda; Adatipatsa chakudya chomwe chimakoma ngatiulemerero, motero, kutitonthoza ndikutilimbikitsa, timaliza ulendo wathu.
MAFUNSO
Mkhalidwe wovuta womwe tikukhala ku Devil's Canyon, malo akutali ndi zotonthoza zachizolowezi, watiphunzitsa ife phunziro labwino lomwe tiyenera kudziwa kale: ngakhale tili ndi zokumana nazo zambiri monga oyenda maulendo apaulendo, nthawi zonse tiyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri. Momwemonso, ndikofunikira kuti muzinyamula madzi ochulukirapo kuposa momwe mukuganizira, komanso mluzu kuti mudzimveke mukadzasochera, ndipo osadzasiya, koma osadzasiya mamembala onse a ulendowu kapena osawawona.
Kumbali inayi, tikumva m'thupi lathu zowawa zomwe makolo athu ayenera kuti adamva, chifukwa chazinthu zachilengedwe, pakulimbana kwawo tsiku ndi tsiku kuti apulumuke m'maiko ouma oterewa. Mwina kuzunzika kumeneku kupulumuka munthu wokakamizidwa wakale, koyambirira, kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amiyala ngati malo owonetsera malo kukhalapo kwa madzi, kenako kuti alembe nyengo yomwe ikadutsa ndikuneneratu kubwera kwa nyengo yoyembekezeredwa ya mvula, ikufotokoza pamiyala cosmology yovuta yomwe adayesera kufotokoza zochitika zachilengedwe zomwe sanazimvetse ndipo zidapemphedwa mwa njira yothandizira. Chifukwa chake, mzimu wake, malingaliro ake ndi masomphenya ake padziko lapansi adagwidwa pazithunzi pamiyala, zithunzi zomwe, nthawi zambiri, umboni wokhawo womwe tili nawo wakukhalapo.
