Nyanja yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba ndi mphepo yakumpoto ndi kumwera, gwero la chakudya cha anthu komanso nkhokwe zachilengedwe zambiri. Pali zambiri zosadziwika.
Ndi mawu oti: 'Gulf of Mexico' malo a New World adayamba kulembedwa, nkhani yomwe idakalipobe. Palinso mamiliyoni aku Mexico omwe sanawonepo nyanja yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa mapiri a Florida ndi Yucatan, ndipo pali makilomita mazana ambiri omwe akusowa olumikiza madera athu a m'mbali mwa nyanja.
Kuchokera pakamwa pa Rio Grande, kumpoto, mpaka Campeche, gawo la Mexico la Gulf limayeza makilomita 2,000 kupitilira apo (palibe chikhomo chomwe chimagawaniza Gulf ndi Caribbean), malinga ndi a Carlos Rangel Plasencia, wothandizana naye wosadziwika ku Mexico yemwe adawerengera mtunda kutsatira mitsinje yonse ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Adayenda ulendowu, kuchokera kumwera mpaka kumpoto, atakwera kayak, pokhala ulendo woyamba wamtunduwu m'mbiri yathu yapanyanja. Cholinga chake, kuwonjezera pa mzimu wofuna kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, chinali choti adziwe momwe angadziwire madera ambiri amphepete mwa nyanja omwe ambiri ku Mexico samanyalanyaza.
Popeza geography ndi mbiriyakale zimalumikizana nthawi zonse, ndizosatsutsika kunena kuti pakamwa pa Bravo, amalonda ochepa aku Persia adakhazikitsa doko laling'ono cha m'ma 1850, wobatizidwa ngati Baghdad, womwe ungakhale mzinda (anthu 6,000) chifukwa chakuyenda kwakukulu Malonda oyambitsidwa ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku United States. Kukhazikitsidwa kwamtendere mdziko loyandikana nalo, limodzi ndi mikuntho yayikulu ndi kusefukira kwamadzi kwa Bravo, zidapangitsa kuti anthu achepetse mpaka pomwe adasowa, pomalizira pake adayikidwa m'manda a malowa. Gombeli, lomwe masiku ano limatchedwa Lauro Villar, ndiye malo aku Mexico omwe ali kumpoto chakumpoto kwa Gulf yathu.
Kumwera…
Madzi ambiri amadziwika: Laguna Madre, yomwe ndi yayitali kwambiri mdzikolo (makilomita 220). Amasiyanitsidwa kunyanja ndi mndandanda wa milu yamchere ndi mipiringidzo yamchenga, mtundu wamadzi achilengedwe omwe amalola kuwedza kochuluka. M'madera ena akuya kwambiri komanso nthunzi yayitali kwambiri, chodabwitsa chamadzi chocheperako kuposa cha Nyanja Yakufa chimachitika. Chiwerengero cha anthu chachepetsedwa mpaka kupezeka kwa ma canopies, awnings ndi cabins za asodzi mazana ochepa.
Pakamwa pa mtsinje kapena mumtsinje uliwonse mumakhala mitundu yambiri yazomera, nyama, kuyambira mbalame zakutchire, nsomba ndi zokwawa, mbalame ndi zinyama. Zonsezi zimachitika m'malo omwe amatchedwa, kutengera momwe zilili, mitsinje, mipiringidzo, madambo, madambo, milu, madambo, madambo, mangrove ndi nkhalango. Gombe lonse la Tamaulipas lili ndi zitsanzo za mawonekedwe awachilengedwe.
Za Veracruz ...
Kwa zaka zambiri khomo lolowera ku Europe silinasinthe kwambiri kwazaka zambiri. Imakhala ndi mapiri ambiri, komanso ili ndi dziwe lalikulu kumpoto: Tamiahua, makilomita 80 kutalika ndi zilumba zazing'ono zingapo, kupatula Cabo Rojo, chipululu komanso malo opanda anthu.
Asanafike kumzinda ndi doko la Veracruz ndi magombe a Villa Rica, pomwe Hernán Cortés adaimitsa zombo zake (osaziwotcha) kukhumudwitsa iwo omwe amaganiza zosiya. Pamaso pa malowa nyamuka zitunda za Quiahuiztlan, pomwe pamsonkhano wawo Aztec tlahuilos adajambula zithunzi za "nyumba zoyandama" zomwe Moctezuma adalandira tsiku lililonse ku Tenochtitlan.
Doko la Veracruz ndi amodzi mwa malo awiri okha ku Gulf omwe adawoneka kuti asintha - ina ndi Campeche-, chifukwa cha ntchito yolimbitsa. M'kati mwa mtunda, pafupifupi makilomita 4, kuli malo oyamba osungira madzi, omwe ndi a Veracruz Reef System (SAV, omwe timalankhula nawo komaliza), okhudzana ndi madera a La Blanquilla ndi La Anegada, komanso zilumba za Sacrificios ndi Isla Chobiriwira.
M'malire mwa magombe ataliatali, mndandanda wa milu yamchenga umatipangitsa kulingalira zakuti tili pamtunda, madigiri 25 kumpoto, monga Egypt ndi chipululu cha Sahara.
Chigwa chachikulu cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja chimadulidwa ndi bedi la Mtsinje wa Alvarado ndipo dziwe lake lalikulu (gulu lamadzi asanu ndi atatu) limatha kuyendetsedwa ndi bwato lokhala ndi mota wopita kumayiko a Oaxacan.
Kummwera chakum'mwera, mapiri akuwoneka kuti akuthamangira kunyanjako ndipo kumakhala anthu ndi zitunda, mapiri ndi miyala monga Montepío, pomwe mitsinje iwiri imadutsa pakati pa mangroves ambiri m'dera la Sontecomapan. M'derali pali gombe lokongola kwambiri kuchokera ku Florida kupita ku Yucatan. Amangotchedwa Playa Escondida ndipo mawonekedwe ake a akavalo ali ndi zokongoletsa zosowa za thanthwe lokhala ndi zobiriwira ndi zomera. Kupitilira kumwera, dziwe lina likuwonekera, la Catemaco, mkati mwa mphika waukulu wophulika.
Malo ovuta a Sierra de los Tuxtlas akupitilizabe kuyang'anizana ndi mitengo yake yobiriwira m'mbali mwa gombe mpaka pomwe Coatzacoalcos isanachitike, ndipo zigwa zibwerera kumalire achilengedwe ndi Tabasco, mtsinje wa Tonalá, pafupi ndi magombe ake akum'mawa ndiwo zotsalira za La Venta isanachitike ku Spain, pomwe ziboliboli zazikulu zomwe tsopano zimakongoletsa Villahermosa zidapangidwa.
Geography yosasunthika
Pambuyo pake, kuchokera ku Sánchez Magallanes, gombelo limawoneka ngati dziwe lamapiri komwe kotentha kumapereka mitundu ingapo yaudzu. Madamu a Tajonal, La Machona ndi Mecoacán amawoneka, mwa ena, onsewo ndi madzi amadzimadzi momwe misewu yafumbi imafunikira, pakalibe milatho, mapanga kapena chalana zodutsa anthu ndi magalimoto. Ndilo gawo lina lakale kwambiri komanso lodziwika bwino.
Pambuyo powoloka mtsinje wa San Pedro, womwe umayambira ku Guatemala, gombe lake ladzaza ndi mchenga wokhala ndi zitsamba zazing'ono.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, poyamba mosazindikira, nyanjayo imatenga mtundu wina, kuyambira kubuluu wobiriwira kupita kubiri ya jade, ndipo umu ndi momwe zimawonekera pakamwa pa Laguna de Terminos, beseni lalikulu kwambiri lamagetsi mdziko muno, mahekitala 705,000, ndi kwa zaka zitatu malo achilengedwe akuluakulu otetezedwa ku Mexico. Pamodzi ndi madambo oyandikana nawo a Tabasco ku Centla, ndiye mbalame zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimasamukira kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Iyi ndi nkhalango ndi madzi abwino kwambiri, amchere, amchere komanso amchere ochulukitsa mitundu yambiri ya nsomba ndi nkhanu ndi nkhono… ndi nyama zopanda malire. Madzi amachokera ku Mtsinje wa Candelaria, womwe, monga San Pedro, wobadwira ku Guatemala, komanso ndi magulu ena ambiri okhulupirika.
Makilomita 80 kuchokera kum'mawa mpaka kumadzulo, 40 kuchokera kummwera mpaka kumpoto, koma kupitirira makilomita, Malingaliro ayenera kuyezedwa ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kuti athe kupulumuka pozunguliridwa ndi anthu.
Pirate madzi ndi nkhokwe
Ciudad del Carmen amakhala pamphepete mwa mtsinje ndi dziwe, pachilumba cha Carmen, chomwe kwa zaka 179 chimakhala ndi achifwamba achifwamba komanso achifwamba. Anayitcha Trix komanso Chilumba cha Trix, mpaka pomwe boma la Spain lidawachotsa mu 1777. Chilumbachi, chikuwonedwa kuchokera kunyanja, chikuwoneka ngati munda wamitengo yayitali yayitali yomwe ikuyang'ana pakati pa nyumbazo. Pakadali pano yolumikizidwa kumtunda ndi milatho iwiri yayitali mdzikolo: Solidaridad ndi Unidad, 3,222 mita.
Malo amitengo yakanjedza yolimba yotsamira kunyanja ikupitilira madambo kapena madambo a El Cuyo, omwe amachokera ku Los Petenes Biosphere Reserve, ndipo, mtunda wamakilomita kutsogolo, Ría Celestún Biosphere Reserve. Mawu oti "chigwa", osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni, amatanthauza kanyanja komwe kali ndi njira yoipa ngati mtsinje.
Kupitilira panyanja ndiyobiriwira ndithu ndipo mawu oti Caribbean Sea amapezeka pamapu. Monga tidanenera, palibe magawano, mwachidziwikire, tikukhulupirira kuti ndipamene gawo ladziko la Gulf of Mexico limathera.
