Ndizowona kuti ubale pakati pa amuna umachitika kudzera muzinthu, monga titha kuwona ndi zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi zomwe zidapezeka ku Paquimé pazofukula zomwe Dr. Charles Di Peso adachita
Zinthu izi zimatilola kuti tidziwe bwino momwe anthu analili komanso momwe amagwiritsira ntchito moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchuluka kwa chikhalidwe chakuthupi kumawonetsa amuna omwe amakhala m'midzi yomwe ili m'mbali mwa mitsinje m'derali. Ankavala zovala zabwino zopangidwa ndi ulusi wochokera ku mabala omwe ankamera m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Adadzipaka nkhope zawo zojambulidwa ndi zomata zowongoka komanso zopingasa, m'maso ndi masaya, monga titha kuwonera m'mitsuko ya anthropomorphic yamakina osiririka a polychrome Casas Grandes.
Amameta tsitsi lawo kutsogolo ndikulisiya lalitali kumbuyo. Anapachikidwa m'makutu mwawo, mikono ndi khosi, ndolo (ma cones ngati mabelu) opangidwa ndi zinthu za seashell ndi / kapena zamkuwa.
Kusinthana kwamalonda kwa zinthuzi kudayamba kuyambira kale, ndithu nthawi yayitali mbewu zoyamba zisanachitike mderalo. Pambuyo pake, malonda azinthuzi adakulirakulira, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zikhulupiriro zawo zonse komanso kutengera zomwe chilengedwe chimawapatsa. M'derali, migodi yoyandikira kwambiri ku Spain komanso miyala yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imafufuzidwa ndi akatswiri ofukula zakale, ili mdera la Gila River, moyandikana ndi anthu a Silver City, kumwera kwa New Mexico, ndiko kuti, opitilira 600 miles kumpoto.
Panali madipoziti ena amkuwa, monga omwe amakhala mdera lamapiri la Samalayuca, makilomita 300 kum'mawa. Akatswiri ambiri ayesa kuyanjanitsa migodi ya Zacatecas ndi zikhalidwe zakumpoto; komabe, munthawi zamakongola a Paquimé, ma Chalchihuites anali kale malo okha ofukula zakale.
Pafupifupi makilomita 500 kumadzulo, kudzera m'mapiri, panali malo okhala zipolopolo pafupi kwambiri ndi Paquimé, komanso kutali kwambiri ndi magulu omwe amagulitsa mkuwa ndi zipolopolo ndi nthenga zokongola za macaw kumpoto. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti a Chichimecas a Paquimé asankha chipolopolocho m'malo mwa miyala yakomweko kuti apange zokongoletsera zawo. Chinthu china cholemekezedwa kwambiri chinali turquoise, yotumizidwa kuchokera kumigodi ya Cerrillos m'chigawo cha Gila River.
Ntchito yofufuzira komanso kusanthula labotale kumatha kuzindikira motsimikiza komwe amachokera mkuwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali m'dera la Great Chichimeca ndi Mesoamerica, komanso munthawi zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira lero akuganizirabe kuti Turquoise omwe amapezeka m'malo omwe amafanana ndi nthawi ya Toltec ndi Aztec, ndipo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magulu ena monga Tarascans, Mixtecs ndi Zapotec, adachokera kumadera akutali a New Mexico.
Pankhani ya Paquimé tikulankhula za nthawi ya Middle, ya pakati pa zaka 1060 ndi 1475 za nthawi yathu ino, zomwe zikufanana ndi nthawi ya a Toltecs a Quetzalcóatl ndi ma Mayan a Chichén Itzá, komanso chiyambi cha chipembedzo cha Tezcatlipoca.
Fray Bernardino de Sahagún akunena kuti a Toltec anali amuna oyamba aku Mesoamerica omwe adapita kumadera akumpoto kukafuna a Turquoises. Motsogozedwa ndi Tlacatéotl, chalchíhuitl, kapena turquoise wabwino, ndi tuxíhuitl, kapena turquoise wamba, adadziwitsidwa pamsika.
Mwala uwu unagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a Chichimecas a Paquimé popanga zokongoletsa zina, monga mikanda yazingwe ndi ndolo. Kwazaka zopitilira zaka mazana awiri a Chichimecas, Anasazi, Hohokam ndi Mogollón akumwera kwa United States adakulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mwala wabwino kwambiriwu. Akatswiri ena ofukula zinthu zakale, monga Dr. Di Peso, amagwirizana ndi lingaliro loti ndi a Toltec omwe amayang'anira migodi komanso msika ku New Mexico - womwe umaphatikizapo dera la Mayan, mapiri apakati komanso kumadzulo - ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico.
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zofukulidwa m'mabwinja am'dziko lakale la ku Puerto Rico zinali mbale kapena zifanizo zokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Mankhwalawa akuwonetsa kufunika kwa zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa ndi izi komanso momwe zimayambira kunja.
Njira zamalonda zimayenda kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera mdziko lonselo, nthawi zonse kudera lakumadzulo ndi chapakati, njira zomwe pambuyo pake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aku Spain kuti agonjetse madera a Chichimeca.
Kwa Phil Weigand, zotsatira zachindunji za migodi isanachitike ku Spain kunali kuwonekera kwa misewu yamalonda, popeza ntchito yotukuka yotere idafunikira gulu logawidwa bwino. Umu ndi m'mene kukula kwa mankhwalawa kunayambira kuti kupeza kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe azovuta kwambiri omwe amatsimikizira kuzunzidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso munthawi zosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga njira zopindulira malo opangira zinthu zazikulu, komanso zochulukirapo, Malo ogulitsira aku Mesoamerica.
Chitsime: Ndime za Mbiri Na. 9 The Warriors of the Northern Plains / February 2003
